Artificiality and Sustainability in Entrepreneurship: Exploring the Unforeseen, and Paving the Way to a Sustainable Future (FGF Studies in Small Business and Entrepreneurship)

This open access edited volume explores the past, present, and future of artificiality and sustainability in entrepreneurship – the unforeseen consequences and ways to advance to a sustainable future. In particular, it connects artificiality, sustainability and entrepreneurship, intertwining artificial with the specific phenomenon of those novel digital technologies that provoke continuous and significant change in our lives and business. Unlike digital entrepreneurship research, which focuses on digital technology development and management, this book covers processes and mechanisms of sustainable adaptability of entrepreneurs, the business logic of start-ups, and the collaborative behaviours under the mass digital transformation, including the prevalence of artificial intelligence. Some of the questions that this book answers are as follows: How has entrepreneurship reacted to such challenges previously? What lessons have been learned and need to be carried forward? How can entrepreneurship and the artefacts of entrepreneurship respond to current challenges? What should be the mindset of the entrepreneur to assure sustainable adaptation? How to embrace and embed the new business logic? Contents Part I: Introduction Artificiality and Sustainability in Entrepreneurship. Exploring the Unforeseen and Paving the Way to a Sustainable Future 1 Introduction 2 Defining the Concept of Artificiality 3 Artificiality in Entrepreneurship 4 Sustainability in Entrepreneurship 5 Unforeseen Consequences of Artificiality in Sustainable Entrepreneurship 5.1 Embracing Digital Transformation and Opening Up New Business Opportunities 5.2 Building New Capabilities and Learning Mechanisms to Enhance Competitiveness in the Market Predominated by the Artificial ... 5.3 Setting New Imperatives to Relate with the Customers and Stakeholders in the Ecosystems 6 Paving the Way for the Sustainable Future of Entrepreneurship in Artificial Environments References Part II: Embracing Digital Transformation and Opening Up New Business Opportunities Digitalization and Its Impact on the Internationalization Models of SMEs 1 Selected Internationalization Models of SMEs 2 Digitalisation Impact on Business 3 Digitalization Impact on the Internationalization Process of Companies: Evidence from the Past 4 Methods and Research Assumption 4.1 Method and Data Collection 4.2 Issues in Focus Group 4.3 Data Analysis 5 Digitalization in Shaping the Process of Internationalization: Research Results 5.1 Internationalization Process in Opinions of Participants 5.2 Implementing Digitalization into the Process of Internationalization: Participants ́ Opinions 5.3 Changes in Internationalization Models Because of Digitalization 6 Conclusions References Born Digitals: Understanding the Sustainable Competitive Advantage Across Different Markets 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Global Changes that Affect the Firms Nowadays: The Role of Digitalization 4 Born Digitals and Their Internationalization 5 Competitiveness of Born Digital Firms 6 Future Research Conceptual Model 7 Discussion, Conclusion, and Future Research Directions References The Value Chain Configuration in the Digital Entrepreneurship Age: The Paradoxical Role of Digital Technologies 1 Introduction 2 Digital Entrepreneurship and the Value Chain Configuration 2.1 Digital Entrepreneurship and Global Value Chains 2.2 Characteristics of Digital Technologies and Their Implications for the Configuration of Global Value Chains 2.3 An Overview of the Value Chain Configuration in Digital Entrepreneurship: The Paradoxical Role of Digital Technologies 2.3.1 DTs and Value Chain Activities: The Slicing of Activities 2.3.2 DTs and Control of Value Chain Activities: Make, Buy or Ally? 2.3.3 DTs and Location of Value Chain Activities: Offshoring and Reshoring Dynamics 3 The Current Context: An Overview of Research on the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic 3.1 Covid-19 and the Design of GVC Activities. Has Anything Changed in Today ́s `New Normal ́? 4 Avenues for Future Research: Insights for GVC `Location Decisions ́ in the Digital Entrepreneurship Age 4.1 The Specificities of Different DTs and Locations: Clarifying the Paradoxical Role of DTs? 4.2 New Digital Business Models: Value Chain Upgrading and Entrepreneurial Opportunities 4.3 Digital Sustainability and Location in Digital Entrepreneurship 5 Concluding Remarks References Entrepreneurial Thinking and Acting in the Context of Great Transformations in Germany: How to Approach Entrepreneurial Person... 1 Introduction 2 Great Transformations-Challenges and Features 3 Erschließung as a New Concept to Approach Entrepreneurial Personalities and Organizations 4 Shaping the Digital and Sustainability Transformation-Opportunities and Limitations of the Erschließungs-Approach 5 Conclusions and Future Research References Part III: Building New Capabilities and Learning Mechanisms to Enhance Competitiveness in the Market Predominated by Artificia... The Evolution of the Dynamic Capabilities Framework 1 Introduction 2 Origins of the Dynamic Capabilities Framework 3 The Deep Roots of the Dynamic Capabilities Framework 4 The Dynamic Capabilities Framework 5 Dynamic Capabilities Applied: Digital Transformation 6 The Divisions Within the Dynamic Capabilities Literature 7 The Future of the Dynamic Capabilities Framework References Transforming a Highly Tactile Entrepreneurship Course ``Ideas to Innovation ́ ́ to an Entirely Online Delivery Model: Lessons fo... 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 The Origins of Ideas to Innovation 2.2 Online Version 2.3 The Impact of Entrepreneurial Education Programs 2.4 Measuring the Impact of Entrepreneurial Education Programs 2.5 Conceptual Framework Development 3 Methods 3.1 Research Approach 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Data Analysis 4 Results 4.1 Main Results of Facilitator Interviews 4.1.1 i2i Online Program Content and Delivery 4.2 Main Results of i2i Participant Interviews 4.2.1 Demographic Profile Characteristics 4.2.2 Confidence in Own Abilities to Solve Problems Related to a Business Idea 4.3 Effect of Online i2i Program on Entrepreneurial Outcomes: Self-Efficacy and Intention 4.3.1 Intention to Start a New Venture 5 Conclusions 6 Theoretical Implications 7 Limitations Appendix 1 Introduction Demographic Profile Characteristic The Main Questions Entrepreneurial Intentions (Outcome) Additional Questions Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Appendix 8 Appendix 9 References Applying Eye-Tracking Technology in the Field of Entrepreneurship Education 1 Methodology 2 Entrepreneurship Education 3 Eye-Tracking Technology 4 Theories Applied in Eye-Tracking Research 5 Eye-Tracking Data and Analysis 6 Opportunities of Eye-Tracking Research in Entrepreneurship Education 6.1 Research on Learning: Enhancing the Current Research Instruments 6.1.1 Components of Entrepreneurial Competence 6.1.2 Emotional Component 6.1.3 Social/Collaborative Component 6.1.4 Cognitive Component 6.1.5 Multimodal Data Collection 6.2 Research on Teaching: Contributing to Development of Teacher Expertise 6.2.1 Teachers ́ Professional Vision 7 Challenges in Eye-Tracking-Based Research 7.1 Hardware and Data Collection 7.2 Data Analysis 7.3 Chosen Measures of Analysis and Research Conditions Influence the Outcome 7.4 Interpreting Cognitive Processes 7.5 Limitations of Additional Methods 7.6 Newness of the Method and Ethical Issues 8 Implications of Eye-Tracking Application on Entrepreneurship Education 9 Conclusions References Part IV: Setting New Imperatives to Related with the Customers and Stakeholders in the Ecosystems Solutions of Brand Posts on Facebook to Increase Customer Engagement Using the Random Forest Prediction Model 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Features of Brand Posts: Content Types, Media Types, and Time Frame 2.1.1 Time Frame of Brand Posts 2.1.2 Content Types of Brand Posts 2.1.3 Emotional Cues of Brand Posts 2.1.4 Media Types of Brand Posts 2.2 Customer Engagement Behaviour on Facebook: Definition and Conceptualisation 3 Conceptual Framework Development 4 Methodology 4.1 Coding Variables 4.1.1 Independent Variables 4.1.2 Dependent Variable: Customer Engagement Behaviour 4.2 Prediction Method and Model 5 Results 5.1 Descriptive Results 5.1.1 Time Frame 5.1.2 Content Types 5.1.3 Media Types 5.2 Random Forest and Accuracy of Trained CEB Prediction Models 6 Conclusions and Discussion 7 Limitations References Entrepreneurial University and Social Innovation Ecosystems: Do They Support HEIs ́ Knowledge-Based Economic Development? 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background of the Entrepreneurial University and Social Innovation Ecosystem 2.1 Entrepreneurial Universities ́ Key Enabling Perspectives in the Framework of the HEIs ́ Knowledge-Based Economy 2.2 Entrepreneurial Universities in the Framework of HEIs ́ Regional Knowledge Spillover and Social Innovation 2.3 Entrepreneurial Universities in the Framework of Social Innovation Ecosystems and Knowledge-Based Economic Development 3 Research Method 4 Entrepreneurial Universities in the Context of Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix, and Inclusive Knowledge-Based Economic Growth 4.1 Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Social Innovation Ecosystems Influence Knowledge-Based Economic Development 5 Recommendations and Conclusion References Cultivating the Impact of Sustainable Entrepreneurship: A Discussion of Upscaling Approaches in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems 1 The Need for Growing Sustainable Entrepreneurship Beyond the Local Niche 2 Upscaling Within the Sustainable Entrepreneurial Process 3 The Upscaling Challenge: Characteristics and Barriers of Upscaling Sustainable Enterprises 3.1 Upscaling of Sustainable Entrepreneurship from a Transition Perspective 3.2 Upscaling Dilemmas 4 The Potential Role of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems 4.1 Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in the Context of Sustainable Entrepreneurship 4.2 Challenges of Sustainable Entrepreneurship 4.3 Conditional Aspects of (Sustainable) Entrepreneurial Ecosystems 5 The Scope for Supporting Upscaling of Sustainable Entrepreneurship Beyond Regional Entrepreneurial Ecosystems 5.1 The Effect of the Babylon and the Simplification Dilemma on Upscaling in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems 5.2 Approaching the Scaling Aversion Dilemma in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems 5.3 Aversion to Scale Beyond the Community Niche 6 The Intersection of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Upscaling: Suggestions for Future Research References