Artificial Life and Intelligent Agents: Second International Symposium, ALIA 2016, Birmingham, UK, June 14-15, 2016, Revised Selected Papers (Communications ... Computer and Information Science Book 732)

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Artificial Life and Intelligent Agents, ALIA 2016, held in Birmingham, UK, in June 2016. The 8 revised full papers and three revised short papers presented together with two demo papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 25 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on modelling; robotics; bio-inspired problem solving; human-like systems; applications and games. Preface 6 Organisation 8 Contents 9 Modelling 11 A Schelling Model with Immigration Dynamics 12 1 The Schelling Model 14 2 Schelling and Migration: The Experimental Setup 15 3 Discussion 16 4 Investigating Population Density and Ethnic Composition 20 5 Conclusion 23 References 23 Evolving Complete L-Systems: Using Genetic Algorithms for the Generation of Realistic Plants 25 Abstract 25 1 Introduction 25 1.1 Previous Work 26 2 Lindenmayer Systems 26 2.1 Complete L-Systems 26 2.2 DOL-Systems 27 2.3 Graphical Generation 27 2.4 L-System Evaluation 27 3 Genetic Algorithms 27 3.1 Selection 28 3.2 Pool Management 28 3.3 Recombination 29 3.4 Other Genetic Operators 29 3.5 Fitness Function 30 4 Conclusion 30 5 Future Work 31 References 32 Robotics 33 subCULTron - Cultural Development as a Tool in Underwater Robotics 34 1 Introduction 35 1.1 Concept 35 1.2 Fields of Operation 37 1.3 Robotic Cultures 38 1.4 Targets of subCULTron 38 2 The subCULTron Swarm 39 2.1 An Artificial Lily Pad: The aPad 39 2.2 An Artificial Mussel: The aMussel 40 2.3 An Artificial Fish: The aFish 41 3 Hardware Methotologies 41 3.1 The Concept of Electric Sense 41 3.2 Energy Harvesting 43 3.3 Electronic Development 43 4 Evolution of Culture - Cultural Learning 44 5 Bio-inspired Controllers 45 6 Conclusion 46 References 46 A Modal Logic Analysis of a Line-Following Robot 49 1 Introduction 49 2 Qualitative Simulation 53 3 Modal Logic Analysis 54 3.1 Multi-modal Logic 55 3.2 Nominals 56 4 Model Checking 57 5 Conclusion 60 References 61 Bio-inspired Problem Solving 63 The Self-Generating Model: An Adaptation of the Self-organizing Map for Intelligent Agents and Data Mining 64 1 Introduction 64 2 The SOM Algorithm 65 3 Adapting the SOM for Intelligent Data Mining ALife Agents 66 4 Self-Generating Model 68 5 Experimental Set-up 69 5.1 Experiment 1: Early Accuracy 70 5.2 Experiment 2: Full Training Run 71 6 Results and Interpretation 72 6.1 Experiment 1: Early Accuracy 72 6.2 Experiment 2: Full Training Run 72 7 Conclusions 75 References 75 A Grammar-Directed Heuristic Optimisation Algorithm and Comparisons with Grammatical Evolution on the Artificial Ant Problem 78 1 Background and Motivation 78 2 Variations of the Santa Fe Trail Problem 79 3 The New Algorithm 84 3.1 Design 84 3.2 An Initial Investigation 87 3.3 Grammar-Directed Search 88 3.4 Results 91 4 Conclusion 94 References 95 Synergies Between Reinforcement Learning and Evolutionary Dynamic Optimisation 96 1 Introduction 96 2 DOPs Versus RLPs 97 3 Towards a Unified Approach 98 4 Conclusions 100 References 100 Improving the Effectiveness of Genetic Programming Using Continuous Self-adaptation 102 1 An Introduction to Genetic Programming 102 2 Initialising a GP System 103 3 Benchmark Problems 103 4 Self-adaptation 105 5 Research Approach and Methodology 106 6 Conclusion 106 References 106 Human-Like Systems 108 Capturing Human Intelligence for Modelling Cognitive-Based Clinical Decision Support Agents 109 1 Introduction 109 2 Context 110 3 Methodology 111 4 Findings 112 4.1 Stage 1: How Variables Influence Clinicians' Risk Judgement 113 4.2 Stage 2: Identifying Redundant Variables 115 4.3 Clinical Conclusions from the Result 118 5 Conclusion and Future Work 119 References 120 Identifying Human-Like Qualities for Non-player Characters 121 1 Introduction 121 2 Background 122 2.1 What is Believability? 122 2.2 Autonomy 122 2.3 Parameters 123 2.4 Assessment 124 3 Method and Design 125 3.1 Game Overview 125 3.2 Parameterised AI 126 3.3 Characters 127 4 Results 128 4.1 Aggressiveness 128 4.2 Difficulty 129 4.3 Intelligence 129 4.4 Human Likeness 129 5 Conclusions 131 References 132 Applications and Games 134 Governing Narrative Events with Tropes as Institutional Norms 135 1 Introduction 135 2 Using Tropes as Story Components 136 3 Institutions for Narrative Regulation 137 4 Evaluation 138 5 Conclusion 138 References 139 Modular Games AI Benchmark 140 1 Introduction 140 2 The Problem 140 3 Modular Games Benchmark 141 3.1 Environment 141 3.2 Characters 142 3.3 Gamemodes 142 3.4 Parsing 143 4 Usage as a Benchmark 143 5 Open-Source Release 144 References 144 GCG Aviator: A Decision Support Agent for Career Management 145 1 Introduction 145 2 Aviator Architecture and Features 146 3 Evaluation 147 4 Conclusions 148 References 149 Author Index 150 Front Matter ....Pages I-X Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 A Schelling Model with Immigration Dynamics (Linda Urselmans)....Pages 3-15 Evolving Complete L-Systems: Using Genetic Algorithms for the Generation of Realistic Plants (Benjamin G. Fitch, Patrick Parslow, Karsten Ø. Lundqvist)....Pages 16-23 Front Matter ....Pages 25-25 subCULTron - Cultural Development as a Tool in Underwater Robotics (Ronald Thenius, Daniel Moser, Joshua Cherian Varughese, Serge Kernbach, Igor Kuksin, Olga Kernbach et al.)....Pages 27-41 A Modal Logic Analysis of a Line-Following Robot (Steve Battle, Matthew Thompson)....Pages 42-55 Front Matter ....Pages 57-57 The Self-Generating Model: An Adaptation of the Self-organizing Map for Intelligent Agents and Data Mining (Amy de Buitléir, Mark Daly, Michael Russell)....Pages 59-72 A Grammar-Directed Heuristic Optimisation Algorithm and Comparisons with Grammatical Evolution on the Artificial Ant Problem (William J. Teahan)....Pages 73-90 Synergies Between Reinforcement Learning and Evolutionary Dynamic Optimisation (Aman Soni, Peter R. Lewis, Anikó Ekárt)....Pages 91-96 Improving the Effectiveness of Genetic Programming Using Continuous Self-adaptation (Thomas D. Griffiths, Anikó Ekárt)....Pages 97-102 Front Matter ....Pages 103-103 Capturing Human Intelligence for Modelling Cognitive-Based Clinical Decision Support Agents (Ali Rezaei-Yazdi, Christopher D. Buckingham)....Pages 105-116 Identifying Human-Like Qualities for Non-player Characters (Jason A. Hall, Llyr Ap Cenydd, Christopher J. Headleand)....Pages 117-129 Front Matter ....Pages 131-131 Governing Narrative Events with Tropes as Institutional Norms (Matt Thompson, Julian Padget, Steve Battle)....Pages 133-137 Modular Games AI Benchmark (Benjamin Williams, James Jackson, Jason Hall, Christopher J. Headleand)....Pages 138-142 GCG Aviator: A Decision Support Agent for Career Management (Alina Patelli, Peter R. Lewis, Hai Wang, Ian Nabney, David Bennett, Ralph Lucas)....Pages 143-147 Back Matter ....Pages 149-149