Artificial Intelligence and the New World Order: New weapons, New Wars and a New Balance of Power (Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and Multidisciplinary Applications)

This book discusses the implications of artificial intelligence (AI) on post-COVID-19 international relations. With the decline and fall of U.S. global leadership and the emergence of new powerful actors, as hastened by the global pandemic, new arms are now used in new forms of wars with new players. The balance of power swings between geostrategic interests and those linked to the global governance of virtual space and the race to technological sovereignty. Chapters focus on the challenges imposed by these changes on different parts of the international system―law, governance, diplomacy, international psychological security―and articulate new strategies and ethical policies as possible solutions. The volume is interdisciplinary and will appeal to researchers, students, and professionals across fields interested in the ethics of AI in the international system. Foreword Introduction Methods Contents Conceptual Framework 1 Artificial Intelligence 2 Technological Development 3 Technology 3.1 Technology Policy 4 Science and Technology 5 Research and Development 6 Creativity and Innovation 7 Technical Cooperation References AI and International Relations: A New Balance of Power in a New World Order 1 Introduction 1.1 Artificial Intelligence and a New Balance of Power in International Relations 1.2 Artificial Intelligence and Hard Power 1.3 AI and Soft Power 1.4 AI and Smart Power 2 Conclusion References Artificial Intelligence New Wars, New Weapons, and New Players in International Relations 1 Introduction 2 Artificial Intelligence as a New “Weapon” 2.1 Lethal Autonomous Robots: The Growing Market Which Gives an Idea of Future Wars 2.2 Genetic Engineering New Techniques for Biological Warfare 2.3 Big Powers Racing for Laser Weapons 3 New Wars for Technological Sovereignty 3.1 5G War: Who Will Be the Winner? 3.2 Technological War Between Transnational Companies 3.3 Transnational Corporations and Intergovernmental Organizations 4 Conclusion References Terrorism and Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems International Society Between the End of Scientific Research and the End of Humanity 1 Introduction 2 Terrorism and Lethal Autonomous Robot: Are We Close to the End of Humanity? 3 What Are the Future Scenarios? 4 Trends in LAWs and How They Will Impact International Security 5 Conclusion References AI and Technological Sovereignty 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Framework 2.1 Data Sovereignty 2.2 Cyberspace Sovereignty 2.3 Technology Sovereignty 3 Competition Between States for Technological Sovereignty 4 Conclusion References Rethinking Foreign Policy in the Age of Artificial Intelligence 1 Introduction 2 Artificial Intelligence: New Priorities for Foreign Policy 2.1 Safety, Peace, and Security 2.2 Economy and Trade 2.3 Education, Science, and Culture 3 Artificial Intelligence: New Allies 4 Conclusion References Artificial Intelligence: New Challenges for Diplomacy 1 Introduction 2 The Importance of AI Diplomacy 3 AI Diplomacy: Current and Future Challenges 4 AI Diplomacy and International Organizations: A Way for Global AI Cooperation 5 AI Diplomacy: Relations Between International Organizations and NGOs 6 Transnational Corporations and Intergovernmental Organizations 7 Conclusion References Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence: New Challenges for International Psychological Security 1 Introduction 2 The Impact of the Malicious Use of AI on International Psychological Security 3 AI Surveillance, New Threat to International Psychological Security 4 Malicious of AI Surveillance and International Security 5 Conclusion References International Mechanisms on Peace and Security in the Age of Artificial Intelligence 1 Introduction 2 Recent International Mechanisms Related to AI 3 The Recommendation on Ethics of Artificial Intelligence 4 Charter of Human Rights and Principles on the Internet 5 OECD Principles on AI 6 Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime 7 The G20 AI Principles 8 Countries’ Initiatives Related to AI Ethics and Regulation 9 Malicious Use of AI: New Challenges for International Law 10 Conclusion References Media, Artificial Intelligence, and Political Changes 1 Introduction 2 Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Media 3 AI, Social Media, and Influence on Democracy Process 4 Conclusion References Psychological Warfare at the Age of Artificial Intelligence: The Case of Venezuela 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Context of Psychological Warfare 3 The Impact of Malicious Use of AI on Media 4 Psychological Warfare Against Venezuela 5 Conclusion References Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: Which Strategies and Social Policy Actions for Current and Future Challenges? 1 Introduction 2 AI Impact on Social Sectors 3 Artificial Intelligence and Education 4 Artificial Intelligence for Health Security 5 Artificial Intelligence and Employment 6 Ethics of AI and Social Policy Actions 6.1 International Strategy on Ethics of Artificial Intelligence 6.2 Regional Strategies on the Ethics of AI Related to Social Policy Actions 7 Conclusion References AI Transformation: An Important Feature of the New World Economic Order 1 Introduction 2 Industry from Digital to AI Transformation 3 AI Transformation and International Trade 3.1 The Impact of AI on the Services Sector 3.2 The Impact of Emerging Technologies on Foreign Trade 3.3 The Legal and Structural Organization of Industrial Alliances 3.4 From International Technological Cooperation to AI Global Cooperation 4 Conclusion References Conclusion and Recommendations Endorsements Index