Arterial Chemoreceptors: Arterial Chemoreceptors (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (648))

This volume contains the Proceedings of the XVIIth ISAC Meeting held in Valladolid, Spain, July 1-5, 2008. As such, it contains the most permanent records of the combined efforts of all attendants. The meeting was held at the School of Medicine of Valladolid, that had the privilege of a recent celebration. The celeb- tion was none other than its 600th anniversary, implying that all participants were surrounded by historical landmarks, from the historical building of the University, to the Museum of polychrome sculpture of Valladolid, to the Monastery of Clarisas in Tordesillas, to the beauty and charm of Salamanca. In this ambience we had three days of intense work, distributed in several oral sessions, preceded by plenary lectures given by our invited speakers who were kind enough to provide us with the latestprogressintheirspeci c elds. We also hadtimeallottedtoposterviewing. As regularattendantsto the XVIIth ISACMeeting, we want to expressourappreciation forthevaluablediscussionssurroundingeachposter,theenthusiasticpresentationof data, the comments of colleagues with suggestions for improvement, and the plans for collaborations that emerged from these discussions. Needless to say that XVIIth ISAC Meeting was the fruit of many collabo- tive efforts. The Local Organizing Committee pro ted from the advice of several colleagues from around the world, namely, Prof. Chris Peers from Leeds, UK, Prof. Prem Kumar from Birmingham, UK, Prof. Nanduri Prabhakar from Chicago, USA, Prof. Colin Nurse from Hamilton, Canada, and Prof. Rodrigo Iturriaga from Santiago, Chile. The Discovery Of Sensory Nature Of The Carotid Bodies / F. De Castro -- Fifty Years Of Progress In Carotid Body Physiology / R.s. Fitzgerald, C. Eyzaguirre And P. Zapata -- Carotid Body: New Stimuli And New Preparations / Colin A. Nurse -- Enzyme-linked Acute Oxygen Sensing In Airway And Arterial Chemoreceptors / Paul J. Kemp And C. Peers -- Cysteine Residues In The C-terminal Tail Of The Human Bk[ca][alpha] Subunit Are Important For Channel Sensitivity To Carbon Monoxide / S.p. Brazier [and Others] -- Modulation Of O2 Sensitive K+ Channels By Amp-activated Protein Kinase / M.l. Dallas [and Others] -- Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits Human Bk[ca] Channels / V. Telezhkin [and Others] -- Ddpx Modifies Tea Sensitivity Of The Kv4 Channels In Rabbit Carotid Body Chemoreceptor Cells / O. Colinas [and Others] -- Sustained Hypoxia Enhances Task-like Current Inhibition By Acute Hypoxia In Rat Carotid Body Type-i Cells / F. Ortiz, R. Iturriaga And R. Varas -- Inhibition Of L-type Ca2+ Channels By Carbon Monoxide / M.l. Dallas, J.l. Scragg And C. Peers -- Effects Of The Polyamine Spermine On Arterial Chemoreception / S. Cayzac [and Others] -- Rt-pcr And Pharmacological Analysis Of L-and T-type Calcium Channels In Rat Carotid Body / A.i. Cáceres, E. Gonzalez-obeso, C. Gonzalez And A. Rocher -- Functional Characterization Of Phosphodiesterases 4 In Rat Carotid Body: Effect Of Oxygen Concentrations / A.r. Nunes, J.r. Batuca And E.c. Monteiro -- Calcium Sensitivity For Hypoxia In Pgns With Pc-12 Cells In Co-culture / G.p. Patel, S.m. Baby, A. Roy And S. Lahiri -- Modification Of Relative Gene Expression Ratio Obtained From Real Time Qpcr With Whole Carotid Body By Using Mathematical Equations / J.h. Kim And J.l. Carroll -- Neurotransmitters In Carotid Body Function: The Case Of Dopamine / R. Iturriaga, J. Alcayaga And C. Gonzalez -- Adenosine In Peripheral Chemoreception: New Insights Into A Historically Overlooked Molecule / S.v. Conde, E.c. Monteiro, A. Obeso And C. Gonzalez. The A2b-d2 Receptor Interaction That Controls Carotid Body Catecholamines Release Locates Between The Last Two Steps Of Hypoxic Transduction Cascade / S.v. Conde, A. Obeso, E.c. Monteiro And C. Gonzalez -- Benzodiazepines And Gaba-gaba[a] Receptor System In The Cat Carotid Body / A. Igarashi, N. Zadzilka And M. Shirahata -- Evidence For Histamine As A New Modulator Of Carotid Body Chemoreception / R. Del Rio, E.a. Moya, J. Alcayaga And R. Iturriaga -- Fluoresceinated Peanut Agglutinin (pna) Is A Marker For Live O2 Sensing Glomus Cells In Rat Carotid Body / I. Kim, D.j. Yang, D.f. Donnelly And J.l. Carroll -- Neuroglobin In Aging Carotid Bodies / V. Verratti [and Others] -- Oxygen Sensing And The Activation Of The Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 (hif-1) / Joachim Fandrey And Max Gassmann -- Upregulation Of Erythropoietin And Its Receptor Expression In The Rat Carotid Body During Chronic And Intermittent Hypoxia / S.y. Lam, G.l. Tipoe And M.l. Fung -- Iron Chelation And The Ventilatory Response To Hypoxia / Mieczyslaw Pokorski [and Others] -- Systemic Effects Resulting From Carotid Body Stimulation / Prem Kumar -- Bicarbonate-regulated Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase (sac) Mrna Expression And Activity In Peripheral Chemoreceptors / A.r. Nunes, E.c. Monteiro, S.m. Johnson And E.b. Gauda -- Developmental Maturation Of Chemosensitivity To Hypoxia Of Peripheral Arterial Chemoreceptors / Estelle B. Gauda, John L. Carroll And David F. Donnelly -- Physiological Carotid Body Denervation During Aging / C. Di Giulio [and Others] -- Does Ageing Modify Ventilatory Responses To Dopamine In Anaesthetised Rats Breathing Spontaneously? / T.c. Monteiro, A. Obeso, C. Gonzalez And E.c. Monteiro -- The Role Of The Carotid Bodies In The Counter-regulatory Response To Hypoglycemia / Denham S. Ward, William A. Voter And Suzanne Karan -- The Respiratory Responses To The Combined Activation Of The Muscle Metaboreflex And The Ventilatory Chemoreflex / C.k. Lykidis, P. Kumar And G.m. Balanos. Cardiovascular Responses To Hyperoxic Withdrawal Of Arterial Chemosensory Drive / Patricio Zapata [and Others] -- Time-dependence Of Hyperoxia-induced Impairment In Peripheral Chemoreceptor Activity And Glomus Cell Calcium Response / J.l Carroll [and Others] -- Long-term Regulation Of Carotid Body Function: Acclimatization And Adaptation / N.r. Prabhakar [and Others] -- Effects Of Intermittent Hypoxia On Blood Gases Plasma Catecholamine And Blood Pressure / M.c. Gonzalez-martin [and Others] -- Cardioventilatory Acclimatization Induced By Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia / R. Iturriaga [and Others] -- Ventilatory Drive Is Enhanced In Male And Female Rats Following Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia / E. Edge, J.r. Smelly, A. Bradford And K.d. O'halloran -- Contrasting Effects Of Intermittent And Continuous Hypoxia On Low O2 Evoked Catecholamine Secretion From Neonatal Rat Chromaffin Cells / Dangjai Souvannakitti, Ganesh K. Kumar, Aaron Fox And Nanduri R. Prabhakar -- Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction / A. Mark Evans And Jeremy P.t. Ward -- Impact Of Modulators Of Mitochondrial Atp-sensitive Potassium Channel (mitok[atp]) On Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction / R. Paddenberg [and Others] -- Oxygen Sensing In The Brain / Frank L. Powell, Cindy B. Kim, Randall S. Johnson And Zhenxing Fu -- The Central Respiratory Chemoreceptor: Where Is Ti Located? / Y. Okada [and Others] -- Anatomical Architecture And Responses To Acidosis Of A Novel Respiratory Neuron Group In The High Cervical Spinal Cord (hcrg) Of The Neonatal Rat / Y. Okada [and Others]. Systemic Inhibition Of The Na+/h+ Exchanger Type 3 In Intact Rats Activated Brainstem Respiratory Regions / R. Pasaro [and Others] -- Nitric Oxide In The Solitary Tract Nucleus (stn) Modulates Glucose Homeostasis And Fos-ir Expression After Carotid Chemoreceptor Stimulation / M. Lemus [and Others] -- Airway Receptors And Their Reflex Function / J. Yu -- Airway Chemosensitive Receptors In Vagus Nerve Perform Neuro0immune Interaction For Lung-brain Communication / H.f. Li And J. Yu -- The Role Of Nox2 And Novel Oxidases In Airway Chemoreceptor P2 Sensing / Ernest Cutz, Jie Pan And Herman Yeger -- Recruitment Of Gaba[a] Receptors In Chemoreceptor Pulmonary Neuroepithelial Bodies By Prenatal Nicotine Exposure In Monkey Lung / X.w. Fu And E.r. Spindel. Constancio Gonzalez, Colin A. Nurse, Chris Peers, Editors. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Front Matter....Pages I-XXV The Discovery of Sensory Nature of the Carotid Bodies – Invited Article ....Pages 1-18 Fifty Years of Progress in Carotid Body Physiology – Invited Article ....Pages 19-28 Carotid Body: New Stimuli and New Preparations – Invited Article ....Pages 29-38 Enzyme-Linked Acute Oxygen Sensing in Airway and Arterial Chemoreceptors – Invited Article ....Pages 39-48 Cysteine Residues in the C-terminal Tail of the Human BK Ca α Subunit Are Important for Channel Sensitivity to Carbon Monoxide....Pages 49-56 Modulation of O 2 Sensitive K + Channels by AMP-activated Protein Kinase....Pages 57-63 Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits Human BK Ca Channels....Pages 65-72 DPPX Modifies TEA Sensitivity of the Kv4 Channels in Rabbit Carotid Body Chemoreceptor Cells....Pages 73-82 Sustained Hypoxia Enhances TASK-like Current Inhibition by Acute Hypoxia in Rat Carotid Body Type-I Cells....Pages 83-88 Inhibition of L-Type Ca 2+ Channels by Carbon Monoxide....Pages 89-95 Effects of the Polyamine Spermine on Arterial Chemoreception....Pages 97-104 RT-PCR and Pharmacological Analysis of L-and T-Type Calcium Channels in Rat Carotid Body....Pages 105-112 Functional Characterization of Phosphodiesterases 4 in the Rat Carotid Body: Effect of Oxygen Concentrations....Pages 113-119 Calcium Sensitivity for Hypoxia in PGNs with PC-12 Cells in Co-Culture....Pages 121-124 Modification of Relative Gene Expression Ratio Obtained from Real Time qPCR with Whole Carotid Body by Using Mathematical Equations....Pages 125-135 Neurotransmitters in Carotid Body Function: The Case of Dopamine – Invited Article ....Pages 137-143 Adenosine in Peripheral Chemoreception: New Insights into a Historically Overlooked Molecule – Invited Article ....Pages 145-159 The A 2B -D 2 Receptor Interaction that Controls Carotid Body Catecholamines Release Locates Between the Last Two Steps of Hypoxic Transduction Cascade....Pages 161-168 Benzodiazepines and GABA-GABAA Receptor System in the Cat Carotid Body....Pages 169-175 Evidence for Histamine as a New Modulator of Carotid Body Chemoreception....Pages 177-184 Fluoresceinated Peanut Agglutinin (PNA) is a Marker for Live O 2 Sensing Glomus Cells in Rat Carotid Body....Pages 185-190 Neuroglobin in Aging Carotid Bodies....Pages 191-195 Oxygen Sensing and the Activation of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1)– Invited Article ....Pages 197-206 Upregulation of Erythropoietin and its Receptor Expression in the Rat Carotid Body During Chronic and Intermittent Hypoxia....Pages 207-214 Iron Chelation and the Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia....Pages 215-221 Systemic Effects Resulting from Carotid Body Stimulation– Invited Article ....Pages 223-233 Bicarbonate-Regulated Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase (sAC) mRNA Expression and Activity in Peripheral Chemoreceptors....Pages 235-241 Developmental Maturation of Chemosensitivity to Hypoxia of Peripheral Arterial Chemoreceptors – Invited Article ....Pages 243-255 Physiological Carotid Body Denervation During Aging....Pages 257-263 Does Ageing Modify Ventilatory Responses to Dopamine in Anaesthetised Rats Breathing Spontaneously?....Pages 265-271 The Role of the Carotid Bodies in the Counter-Regulatory Response to Hypoglycemia....Pages 273-280 The Respiratory Responses to the Combined Activation of the Muscle Metaboreflex and the Ventilatory Chemoreflex....Pages 281-287 Cardiovascular Responses to Hyperoxic Withdrawal of Arterial Chemosensory Drive....Pages 290-297 Time-Dependence of Hyperoxia-Induced Impairment in Peripheral Chemoreceptor Activity and Glomus Cell Calcium Response....Pages 299-306 Long-Term Regulation of Carotid Body Function: Acclimatization and Adaptation – Invited Article ....Pages 307-317 Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia on Blood Gases Plasma Catecholamine and Blood Pressure....Pages 319-328 Cardioventilatory Acclimatization Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia....Pages 329-335 Ventilatory Drive Is Enhanced in Male and Female Rats Following Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia....Pages 337-344 Contrasting Effects of Intermittent and Continuous Hypoxia on Low O 2 Evoked Catecholamine Secretion from Neonatal Rat Chromaffin Cells....Pages 345-349 Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction – Invited Article ....Pages 351-360 Impact of Modulators of Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel (mitoK ATP ) on Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction....Pages 361-368 Oxygen Sensing in the Brain – Invited Article....Pages 369-376 The Central Respiratory Chemoreceptor: Where Is It Located?–Invited Article....Pages 377-385 Anatomical Architecture and Responses to Acidosis of a Novel Respiratory Neuron Group in the High Cervical Spinal Cord (HCRG) of the Neonatal Rat....Pages 387-394 Systemic Inhibition of the Na + /H + Exchanger Type 3 in Intact Rats Activates Brainstem Respiratory Regions....Pages 395-401 Nitric Oxide in the Solitary Tract Nucleus (STn) Modulates Glucose Homeostasis and FOS-ir Expression After Carotid Chemoreceptor Stimulation....Pages 403-410 Airway Receptors and Their Reflex Function – Invited Article ....Pages 411-420 Airway Chemosensitive Receptors in Vagus Nerve Perform Neuro-Immune Interaction for Lung-Brain Communication....Pages 421-426 The Role of NOX2 and “Novel Oxidases” in Airway Chemoreceptor O 2 Sensing....Pages 427-438 Recruitment of GABA A Receptors in Chemoreceptor Pulmonary Neuroepithelial Bodies by Prenatal Nicotine Exposure in Monkey Lung....Pages 439-445 Concluding Remarks....Pages 447-450 Back Matter....Pages 451-455 This volume contains the Proceedings of the XVIIth ISAC Meeting held in Valladolid, Spain, July 1-5, 2008. As such, it contains the most permanent records of the combined efforts of all attendants. The meeting was held at the School of Medicine of Valladolid, that had the privilege of a recent celebration. The celeb- tion was none other than its 600th anniversary, implying that all participants were surrounded by historical landmarks, from the historical building of the University, to the Museum of polychrome sculpture of Valladolid, to the Monastery of Clarisas in Tordesillas, to the beauty and charm of Salamanca. In this ambience we had three days of intense work, distributed in several oral sessions, preceded by plenary lectures given by our invited speakers who were kind enough to provide us with the latestprogressintheirspeci c elds. We also hadtimeallottedtoposterviewing. As regularattendantsto the XVIIth ISACMeeting, we want to expressourappreciation forthevaluablediscussionssurroundingeachposter, theenthusiasticpresentationof data, the comments of colleagues with suggestions for improvement, and the plans for collaborations that emerged from these discussions. Needless to say that XVIIth ISAC Meeting was the fruit of many collabo- tive efforts. The Local Organizing Committee pro ted from the advice of several colleagues from around the world, namely, Prof. Chris Peers from Leeds, UK, Prof. Prem Kumar from Birmingham, UK, Prof. Nanduri Prabhakar from Chicago, USA, Prof. Colin Nurse from Hamilton, Canada, and Prof. Rodrigo Iturriaga from Santiago, Chile The carotid body arterial chemoreceptors constitute unique sensory receptors capable of rapidly monitoring the levels of arterial blood oxygen and carbon dioxide. Whenever necessary they initiate homeostatic reflexes aimed to correct the detected deviations. Chemoreceptor cells of the carotid body constitute ideal models to study the entire processes of O 2 -sensing as well as CO 2 -sensing. The present book represents an updated review of the physiology of the carotid body chemoreceptors. Most important, the book provides the trends in the field as it contains results in the topics that are at the frontiers of future developments in O 2 -sensing in chemoreceptor cells. Additionally, it contains data from studies carried in other O 2 -sensing tissues including pulmonary vasculature and erythropoietin producing cells as well as on central CO 2 /pH chemoreceptors. Arterial Chemoreceptors should be considered as a prime source of information and as a guideline to every researcher in the field of arterial chemoreception in the years to come. It is also an important source of information for researchers and clinicians in the fields of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary hypertension as well as for researchers in the field of erythropoietin and central chemoreceptors.