Aromatic plants : basic and applied aspects : proceedings of an International Symposium on Aromatic Plants

The use of aromatic plants has been practised since ancient times as is evidenced by records of Chinese, Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Greek and Roman origin; recent findings in Pakistan prove that it goes as far back as 5000 years. Accordingly, the importance and value ascribed to them were always high. Either as a medicine, a foodstuff, a seasoning, a cosmetic or an element of religious rituals the aromatic plant was indispensable. It is not to be forgotten that desire tor the riches of India - spices among which - and the struggle to monopolize the trade of the latter con­ tributed to the opening of new sea routes, discovering of continents and altering the picture of the known world. With the advent of modern civilization, characterized by scientific and technological development which dIverted estimation and consumption towards artificial products, aromatic plants experienced a temporary de­ cline of use retaining, however, theIr importance In sectors such as the culinary art and cosmetics industry. Front Matter....Pages i-xi Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Ultrastructure of the Essential Oil Secretion in Glandular Scales of Origanum dictamnus L. Leaves....Pages 3-12 Leaf Morphology of Thymus capitatus (Labiatae) by Scanning Electron Microscopy....Pages 13-24 Inula Hairs — Structure, Ultrastructure and Secretion....Pages 25-37 Pollen Morphology of the Genus Origanum L. and Allied Genera....Pages 39-56 Front Matter....Pages 57-57 Volatile Oils as Allelopathic Agents....Pages 59-72 Artemisia tridentata Monoterpenoid Effect on Ruminant Digestion and Forage Selection....Pages 73-86 Productivity of Aromatic Plants: Climatic Models....Pages 87-99 A Taxonomic Revision of Sideritis L. Section Empedoclia (Rafin.) Bentham (Labiatae) in Greece....Pages 101-128 Front Matter....Pages 129-129 Morphological, Cytological and Chemical Investigations of Mentha spicata L. in Greece....Pages 131-140 Distribution of Flavonoids as Chemotaxonomic Markers in the Genus Origanum L. and Related Genera in Labiatae....Pages 141-152 New Chemical Markers within Artemisia (Compositae-Anthemidae)....Pages 153-163 Chemical Investigations of Essential Oils of Umbellifers....Pages 165-173 Front Matter....Pages 175-175 13 C-NMR Analysis of Essential Oils....Pages 177-181 Qualitative Evaluation of Aromatic Herbs by Direct Head Space (GC) 2 Analysis. Applications of the Method and Comparison with the Traditional Analysis of Essential Oils....Pages 183-195 The Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil Obtained from Satureja Kitaibelii Wierzb. ap. Heuff....Pages 197-202 The Essential Oil from Thymus praecox ssp. arcticus ....Pages 203-206 Atractylodes lancea DC. (Compositae). Contribution on the Constituents of the Essential Oil....Pages 207-210 Chemotaxonomy of the Greek Species of Sideritis I. Components of the volatile fraction of Sideritis raeseri ssp. raeseri ....Pages 211-220 The Terpenes of the Essential Oil of Myrrh....Pages 221-226 Front Matter....Pages 227-227 The Influence of Some Distillation Conditions on Essential Oil Composition....Pages 229-236 Front Matter....Pages 227-227 Variations in Yield Parameters in a Wild Population of Origanum vulgare L.....Pages 237-248 The Production of Aromatic Plants in the Pancalieri Area....Pages 249-254 Some Potentially Important Indigenous Aromatic Plants for the Eastern Seaboard Areas of Southern Africa....Pages 255-263 Labiatae as Medicinal Plants in Israel....Pages 265-269 New Pharmacologically Important Flavonoids of Thymus vulgaris ....Pages 271-276 Back Matter....Pages 277-283 This is the third major publication on Viaia faba reporting proceedings of seminars organised through the Commission of the European Communities in the context of the EEC Common Research Programme on Plant Protein Improvement. The previous two volumes report proceedings from the seminars in Bari in 1978 (Some current research on Vida faba in Western Europe) and in Cambridge in 1979 (Vicia faba: Feeding value, processing and viruses) • The theme of this seminar, held in Wageningen on 24th - 26th June, was selected to examine various aspects of plant physiology, especially in relation to their potential contribu­ tion to plant breeding. Areas identified for discussion included those to elucidate particular responses of the plant to the environment and, in the broader concept, an examination of the combined responses of ideotypes required to exploit fully the range of environments in which Viaia faba is grown. Increased pea breeding in Europe in recent years justified an assessment of the projected progress of the crop for dry seed production and two papers were invited on this topic. Participants visited Cebeco at Lelystad where, after hearing of the involvement in field beans and peas, the advanced selections in field plots were examined and discussed. On the same day visits were also made to the SVP experimental farm and to the CABO experimental farm at de Eest, to discuss the plant breeding/physiology experiments on field beans and peas. The seminar was organised by Dr. G. Dantuma and Ir. R.J. Faba beans, formerly known as broad beans, are among the oldest crops in the world. It has in fact been claimed with some justification that the Pyramids were built on faba beans! They are today a major crop in many countries such as China, Egypt and the Sudan; and are widely grown for human food throughout the Me~iterranean region, in Ethiopia and in parts of Latin America. In recent years there has been a growing interest in faba bean production as a protein source for stock feed in parts of Europe, North America and Aus· tralia. The publication served by this preface arose from the first International Faba Bean Con­ ference, held in Cairo, Egypt, on March 7-11, 1981 which provided a suitable forum for the review of many scientifically important aspects of the improvement of the crop. Leading faba bean specialists from four continents who participated were able not only to contri· bute from their personal expertise in relevant subjects, but in return to gain from their ex­ perience of Nile Valley conditions and from close contact with so many of the world's faba bean scientists. The conference was supported in the main by the ICARDAjIFAD Nile Valley Faba Bean Project. Additional support was received from a number of other organisations and institutions whose help is gladly acknowledged. These included the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) of the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture; G.T.Z. of Germany; IDRC of Canada; the National Research Center of Egypt; and Cairo University. This publication contains the proceedings of a seminar on'Production and Utilization of Protein in Oilsead Crops', held at Braunschweig from 8 to 10 July, 1980. The meeting was held under the auspices of the Commission of the European Communities, as part of the EEC Common Research Programme on Plant Protein Improvement. Methods for the intensive production of meat and milk have been adopted to an increasing extent in EEC coun±ries over the past two decades, their success is based on animal diets of high quality, balanced for energy and protein contents. The substantial improvements in cereal yields in EEC over this period has kept pace with the increasing demand for dietary energy in concentrated animal foodstuffs, but provision of the necessary protein supplementation has required ever-increasing imports of soybean products. Grain legumes and oilseed meals are the two main sources of concentrated protein for the animal feeds industry, and there is an urgent need for increased EEC production of both. Seminars on grain legumes have been held at regular intervals since 1976; the meeting at Braunschweig, now reported, was the first to consider in detail the potential contribution from oilseed crops suitable for EEC conditions. Local arrangements for the seminar were made by Professor Dr. M. Dambroth, Dr. C. Sommer, and their colleagues at the Institut fUr Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzuchtung, Braunschweig - Volkenr6de. Sponsored By The Commission Of The European Communities, Directorate-general For Agriculture, Coordination Of Agricultural Research ; Edited By E.s. Bunting. Includes Bibliographies. This publication contains the proceedings of a seminar on 'Production and Utilization of Protein in Oilsead Crops', held at Braunschweig from 8 to 10 July, 1980. Proceedings of the EEC Seminar organized by Centrum voor Agrobiologisch Onderzoek (CABO), Wageningen, The Netherlands, 24-26 June, 1980 Edited By G. Hawtin And C. Webb. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.