Armies of the Greek-Turkish War 1919–22 (Men-at-Arms)

This is a comprehensive guide to the armies that fought a devastating and decisive conflict in the Eastern Mediterranean between the two World Wars of the 20th century. From the initial Greek invasion, designed to "liberate" the 100,000 ethnic Greeks that lived in Western Turkey and had done for centuries, to Mustapha Kemal Ataturk's incredibly efficient formation of a national government and a regular army, this was a war that shaped the geopolitical landscape of the Mediterranean to this day. It gave birth to the modern Turkish state, displacing millions and creating bitter memories of atrocities committed by both sides. Augmented with very rare photographs and beautiful illustrations, this ground-breaking title explores the history, organization, and appearance of the armies, both guerilla and conventional, that fought in this bloody war. ARMIES OF THE GREEK-TURKISH WAR 3 1919–1922 3 INTRODUCTION 3 Ethnic make-up of the Anatolian population 4 CHRONOLOGY 5 War losses 11 THE GREEK ARMY IN ASIA MINOR 12 Greek, Armenian and Circassian irregulars 14 Democratic Republic of Armenia, 1920 15 TURKISH FORCES 15 The Ottoman Army, 1919 16 Turkish irregular forces – Kuva-Yi Milliye 16 The Turkish Nationalist Army 17 Nationalist assault battalions 20 The 1st Mobile Force – Kuva-Yi Seyyare 20 The Caliphate Army – Kuva-Yi Inzibatiye, 1920 21 WEAPONS 21 Greek small arms 21 Turkish small arms 22 Sources of Nationalist weapons 23 Greek and Turkish artillery 24 Military transport 33 Armoured vehicles 34 Greek and Turkish air arms 34 UNIFORMS 35 THE GREEK ARMY 35 Headgear 35 Summer and winter clothing 36 Branch colours 36 Insignia of unit and rank 37 Other insignia 37 Equipment 38 TURKISH UNIFORMS 38 Turkish irregulars 38 Nationalist Army uniforms 38 Nationalist headgear 40 Foreign-made uniforms 41 Cavalry uniforms 41 Nationalist rank insignia, 1920–22 42 Equipment 42 Caliphate Army uniforms, 1920–22 42 PLATE COMMENTARIES 43