Aristotle, Plato and Pythagoreanism in the First Century BC : New Directions for Philosophy

This Book Presents An Up-to-date Overview Of The Main New Directions Taken By Ancient Philosophy In The First Century Bc, A Period In Which The Dominance Exercised In The Hellenistic Age By Stoicism, Epicureanism And Academic Scepticism Gave Way To A More Diverse And Experimental Philosophical Scene. Its Development Has Been Much Less Well Understood, But Here A Strong International Team Of Leading Scholars Of The Subject Reconstruct Key Features Of The Changed Environment. They Examine Afresh The Evidence For Some Of The Central Greek Thinkers Of The Period, As Well As Illuminating Cicero's Engagement With Plato Both As Translator And In His Own Philosophising. The Intensity Of Renewed Study Of Aristotle's Categories And Plato's Timaeus Is An Especially Striking Outcome Of Their Discussions. The Volume Will Be Indispensable For Scholars And Students Interested In The History Of Platonism And Aristotelianism-- 1. The Texts Of Plato And Aristotle In The First Century Bc / Myrto Hatzimichali -- 2. Platonist Approaches To Aristotle: From Antiochus Of Ascalon To Eudorus Of Alexandria (and Beyond) / Riccardo Chiaradonna -- 3. Boethius' Aristotelian Ontology / Marwan Rashed -- 4. Aristotelianism In The First Century Bc: Xenarchus Of Seleucia / Andrea Falcon -- 5. Posidonius As Historian Of Philosophy: An Interpretation Of Plutarch, De Animae Procreatione In Timaeo 22, 1023b-c / Anna Eunyoung Ju -- 6. Asclepiades Of Bithynia And Heraclides Ponticus: Medical Platonism? / Roberto Polito -- 7. The Eclectic Pythagoreanism Of Alexander Polyhistor / A.a. Long -- 8. Pythagoreanizing Aristotle: Eudorus And The Systematization Of Platonism / Mauro Bonazzi -- 9. Cicero And The Timaeus / David Sedley -- 10. Plato's Laws And Cicero's De Legibus / Julia Annas -- 11. Of Cicero's Plato: Fictions, Forms, Foundations / Ingo Gildenhard. Edited By Malcolm Schofield. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 276-290) And Indexes. Contents 9 Notes on contributors 11 Preface 14 Introduction 16 Chapter 1 The texts of Plato and Aristotle in the first century bc 27 Text-based philosophy 27 Plato's text 31 The fate of Aristotle's books 37 Andronicus and the Aristotelian corpus 45 The impact of Andronicus’ canon 49 Conclusion 53 Chapter 2 Platonist approaches to Aristotle: from Antiochus of Ascalon to Eudorus of Alexandria (and beyond) 54 Antiochus 54 After Antiochus: Aristo and Cratippus 63 Eudorus 67 Conclusion 76 Chapter 3 Boethus’ Aristotelian ontology 79 Boethus’ criterion of substantiality 80 1. Boethus’ theory of substance and predication 80 2. Boethus on inherence 81 3. A confirmation: 'substance’, 'relative’ (sic) and 'having’ according to Boethus 85 Alexander of Aphrodisias against Boethus on substance 87 1. The parts of the substance are substances 88 2. A new theory of inherence 90 Boethus again on the non-substantiality of the form 93 1. Boethus on the category of the form 94 2. Boethus on what it is to be a subject 98 Conclusion: Boethus’ having vs. Stoic sayable 103 Chapter 4 Aristotelianism in the first century bc: Xenarchus of Seleucia 104 Xenarchus’ criticism of the doctrine of the fifth substance 105 Beyond Xenarchus’ criticism of the doctrine of the fifth substance 110 Xenarchus and Aristotle's ethics 114 Xenarchus and the return to Aristotle in the first century 117 Conclusion 119 Chapter 5 Posidonius as historian of philosophy: an interpretation of Plutarch, de Animae Procreatione in Timaeo 22, 1023b–c 121 Introduction 121 'The being of the limits’ 125 The Platonic 'soul’ as reason 130 Mathematicising Platonic 'reason’ 137 Chapter 6 Asclepiades of Bithynia and Heraclides Ponticus: medical Platonism? 144 Chapter 7 The eclectic Pythagoreanism of Alexander Polyhistor 165 Introduction 165 Text and context 169 Philosophical content and character 171 Principles 171 From numbers to the formed universe 173 Equality of opposite powers: light dark, hot cold, dry moist (D.L. 8.26) 175 Air and aether, heat, divinity and the source of life (D.L. 8.26-8) 176 Soul, reproduction, embryology (D.L. 8.28-9) 179 The human soul (D.L. 8.29) 181 Eschatology and rituals 183 Conclusions 184 Chapter 8 Pythagoreanising Aristotle: Eudorus and the systematisation of Platonism 186 Eudorus the 'academic’ 186 Eudorus and the Pythagorean 'Timaeus’ on the world soul and the generation of the universe 190 Platonising Pythagoras, Pythagoreanising Aristotle 197 Eudorus and Aristotle's categories 205 Concluding remarks 209 Chapter 9 Cicero and the Timaeus 213 Chapter 10 Plato's Laws and Cicero's de Legibus 232 Cicero's Plato 232 Plato's preambles: law, virtue and happiness 234 Cicero on law and virtue 237 Laws for the best state 245 Conclusion 248 Chapter 11 Of Cicero's Plato: fictions, Forms, foundations 251 Thinking perfection: ideal types and forms in Plato 254 Historical perfection in the 50s BC 257 Ascent to the Forms: Cicero's Epanabathmos 274 Forms and their function: philosophy and politics 288 Conclusion: why the shift? 299 Bibliography 302 Index of passages 317 General index 327 "This book presents an up-to-date overview of the main new directions taken by ancient philosophy in the first century BC, a period in which the dominance exercised in the Hellenistic age by Stoicism, Epicureanism and Academic Scepticism gave way to a more diverse and experimental philosophical scene. Its development has been much less well understood, but here a strong international team of leading scholars of the subject reconstruct key features of the changed environment. They examine afresh the evidence for some of the central Greek thinkers of the period, as well as illuminating Cicero's engagement with Plato both as translator and in his own philosophising. The intensity of renewed study of Aristotle's Categories and Plato's Timaeus is an especially striking outcome of their discussions. The volume will be indispensable for scholars and students interested in the history of Platonism and Aristotelianism"-- Résumé de l'éditeur "This book presents an up-to-date overview of the main new directions taken by ancient philosophy in the first century BC, a period in which the dominance exercised in the Hellenistic age by Stoicism, Epicureanism and Academic Scepticism gave way to a more diverse and experimental philosophical scene. Its development has been much less well understood, but here a strong international team of leading scholars of the subject reconstruct key features of the changed environment. They examine afresh the evidence for some of the central Greek thinkers of the period, as well as illuminating Cicero's engagement with Plato both as translator and in his own philosophising. The intensity of renewed study of Aristotle's Categories and Plato's Timaeus is an especially striking outcome of their discussions. The volume will be indispensable for scholars and students interested in the history of Platonism and Aristotelianism"-- Provided by publisher Machine generated contents note: Introduction Malcolm Schofield; 1. The texts of Plato and Aristotle in the first century BC Myrto Hatzimichali; 2. Platonist approaches to Aristotle: from Antiochus of Ascalon to Eudorus of Alexandria (and beyond) Riccardo Chiaradonna; 3. Boethius' Aristotelian ontology Marwan Rashed; 4. Aristotelianism in the first century BC: Xenarchus of Seleucia Andrea Falcon; 5. Posidonius as historian of philosophy: an interpretation of Plutarch, De Animae Procreatione in Timaeo 22, 1023b-c Anna Eunyoung Ju; 6. Asclepiades of Bithynia and Heraclides Ponticus: medical Platonism? Roberto Polito; 7. The eclectic Pythagoreanism of Alexander Polyhistor A. A. Long; 8. Pythagoreanizing Aristotle: Eudorus and the systematization of Platonism Mauro Bonazzi; 9. Cicero and the Timaeus David Sedley; 10. Plato's Laws and Cicero's De Legibus Julia Annas; 11. Of Cicero's Plato: fictions, forms, foundations Ingo Gildenhard.