Archean-Mesoproterozoic Crustal Evolution and Crust-Mantle Geodynamics of Western Liaoning-Northeastern Hebei Provinces, North China Craton

This thesis presents geological, petrological, geochemical, and zircon U–Pb–Lu–Hf isotopic field data for representative Precambrian lithologies in the Western Liaoning-Northeastern Hebei Provinces along the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). It describes late Neoarchean (2.64–2.48 Ga) supracrustal metavolcanic rocks and granitoid gneisses; late Paleoproterozoic (1.72–1.68 Ga) Jianping alkaline plutons and Pinggu alkaline volcanic rocks; and newly discovered ~1.23 Ga mafic dykes. The nature of magma sources and genesis of each magmatic episode are investigated, and the Precambrian (~2.6–1.2 Ga) lithospheric mantle evolution and crust-mantle interaction processes are established for the first time –aspects that provide important constraints in our understanding of the Precambrian crustal evolution and geodynamic processes in the region studied. Supervisor’s Foreword 7 Parts of this doctoral thesis have been published in the following journal articles:Wang, W., Liu, S.W., Santosh, M., Wang, G.H., Bai, X., Guo, R.R., 2015a. Neoarchean intra-oceanic arc system in the Western Liaoning Province: Implications for Early Precambrian crustal evolution in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton. Earth-Science Reviews 150, 329–364. (Reproduced with permission)Wang, W., Liu, S.W., Santosh, M., et al. 2015b. Late Paleoproterozoic geodynamics of the North China Craton: Geochemical and zircon U-Pb-Hf records from a volcanic suite in the Yanliao rift. Gondwana Research 27, 300–325. (Reproduced with permission)Wang, W., Liu, S.W., Santosh, M., Zhang, L.F., Bai, X., Zhao, Y., Zhang, S.H., Guo, R.R., 2015c. 1.23 Ga mafic dykes in the North China Craton reconstruct the Columbia supercontinent. Gondwana Research 27, 1407–1418. (Reproduced with permission)Wang, W., Liu, S.W., Santosh, M., Bai, X., Li, Q.G., Yang, P.T., Guo, R.R., 2013a. Zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopes and whole-rock geochemistry of granitoid gneisses in the Jianping gneissic terrane, Western Liaoning Province: Constraints on the Neoarchean crustal evolution of the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 224, 184–221. (Reproduced with permission)Wang. W., Liu, S.W., Bai, X., et al. 2013b. Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopes of the late Paleoproterozoic Jianping diorite-monzonite-syenite suite of the North China Craton: Implications for petrogenesis and geodynamic setting. Lithos 162–163, 175–194. (Reproduced with permission)Wang, W., Liu, S.W., Wilde, S.A., Li, Q.G., Zhang, J., Bai, X., Yang, P.T., Guo, R.R., 2012. Petrogenesis and geochronology of Precambrian granitoid gneisses in Western Liaoning Province: Constraints on Neoarchean to early Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution of the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 222–223, 290–311. (Reproduced with permission)Wang, W., Liu, S.W., Bai, X., Yang, P.T., Li, Q.G., Zhang, L.F., 2011. Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic systematics of the Neoarchean Yixian-Fuxin greenstone belt, northern margin of the North China Craton: Implications for petrogenesis and tectonic setting. Gondwana Research 20, 64–81. (Reproduced with permission) 10 Acknowledgements 11 Contents 13 About the Author 16 1 Introduction 17 Abstract 17 1.1 Research Background 18 1.1.1 Archean Greenstone Belt and Crust-Mantle Interactions 18 1.1.2 Archean Plate Tectonics 20 1.2 Research Progress and Key Issues of Precambrian Geology of North China Craton 21 1.2.1 Summary of Precambrian Research of North China Craton 21 1.2.2 Key Scientific Issues 24 1.3 Objectives of this Thesis 25 1.4 Research Contents of this Thesis 26 1.5 Methodology 27 1.5.1 Whole-Rock Major Element Analyses 27 1.5.2 Whole-Rock Trace Element Analyses 28 1.5.3 Whole-Rock Rb–Sr Isotope Analyses 28 1.5.4 LA-ICPMS Zircon U–Pb Isotope Analyses 29 1.5.5 SHRIMP Zircon U–Pb Isotope Analyses 29 1.5.6 Zircon Lu–Hf Isotope Analyses 29 References 30 2 Geological Background 38 Abstract 38 2.1 Tectonic Framework of the Crystalline Basement in the North China Craton 38 2.2 Geological Background of the Western Liaoning-Northeastern Hebei Provinces 41 2.2.1 Precambrian Crystalline Basement 41 2.2.2 Yanliao Rift and Late Paleoproterozoic Magmatism 48 2.2.3 Mesoproterozoic Mafic Dykes 50 References 51 3 Neoarchean Basement Rock Assemblage, Crustal Evolution and Crust-Mantle Interactions of Western Liaoning Province 56 Abstract 56 3.1 Metavolcanic Rocks in the Fuxin-Yixian Greenstone Belt 57 3.1.1 Geological and Petrographic Features and Sampling 57 3.1.2 Zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf Isotopes 66 3.1.2.1 Sample FX09-1 (Metaandesitic Rocks) 66 3.1.2.2 Sample 12FX08-5 (Metabasaltic Rocks) 68 3.1.2.3 Sample 12FX28-2 (Metabasaltic Rocks) 76 3.1.2.4 Sample 12FX25-6 (Metabasaltic Rocks) 77 3.1.2.5 Sample 12FX28-3 (Metaandesitic Rocks) 79 3.1.3 Whole-Rock Geochemistry and Classification 80 3.1.4 Discussion 90 3.1.4.1 Assessment of Element Mobility 90 3.1.4.2 Petrogenesis 91 3.1.4.3 Geodynamic Setting 97 3.2 Neoarchean Dioritic and TTG Gneisses in the Western Liaoning Province 99 3.2.1 Geological and Petrographic Characteristics 99 3.2.1.1 Granitoid Gneisses in the North Chaoyang-Fuxin-Yixian Granite-Greenstone Belt 99 3.2.1.2 Granitoid Gneisses in the High Grade Jianping Gneissic Terrane 105 3.2.2 Geochemical Features 108 3.2.2.1 Major Element Compositions 109 3.2.2.2 Rare Earth Element Compositions 110 3.2.2.3 Other Trace Element Compositions 110 3.2.3 Zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf Isotopes 111 3.2.3.1 Granitoid Gneisses in the NCFY-GGB 111 3.2.3.2 Granitoid Gneisses in the JPGT 128 3.2.4 Petrogenesis 155 3.2.4.1 Information from the Inherited/Xenocrystic Zircon Grains and Lu–Hf Isotopes 155 3.2.4.2 Information from Whole-Rock Geochemistry 156 3.2.5 Tectonic Implications 159 3.3 Late Neoarchean Potassium-Rich Granitoid Gneisses 160 3.3.1 Geological and Petrographic Features 161 3.3.2 Geochemical Features 162 3.3.3 Zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf Isotopes 165 3.3.4 Petrogenesis 181 3.3.5 Tectonic Setting 183 3.4 Neoarchean Crustal Evolution and Crust-Mantle Geodynamics of the Western Liaoning Province 183 3.4.1 Neoarchean Sequences of Geological Events and Crustal Evolution 183 3.4.2 Late Neoarchean (sim2.6–2.5 Ga) Crustal Growth 186 3.4.3 Late Neoarchean Crust-Mantle Geodynamics 187 References 189 4 Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic Magmatic Rock Assemblage and Crust-Mantle Geodynamic Processes 196 Abstract 196 4.1 Late Paleoproterozoic Jianping Diorite-Monzonite-Syenite Suite in the Western Liaoning Province 197 4.1.1 Geological and Petrographic Characteristics 197 4.1.2 Geochemical Characteristics 203 4.1.2.1 Whole-Rock Geochemistry 203 4.1.2.2 Whole-Rock Rb–Sr Isotopes 207 4.1.3 Zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf Isotopes 207 4.1.3.1 The Hatonggou Pluton and Jianchanggou Stock 207 4.1.3.2 The Xiaozhangzi Pluton 221 4.1.3.3 The Shinao Pluton 223 4.1.4 Petrogenesis 225 4.1.4.1 Genetic Links Among Different Lithologies 225 4.1.4.2 Nature of the Magma Sources 226 4.1.4.3 Assessment of Crustal Contamination and Fractional Crystallization 228 4.1.5 Summary 230 4.2 Late Paleoproterozoic Pinggu K-Rich Volcanic Rocks 230 4.2.1 Geological and Petrographic Characteristics 231 4.2.2 Zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf Isotopes 242 4.2.2.1 The Tuanshanzi Formation 242 4.2.2.2 The Dahongyu Formation 243 4.2.3 Whole-Rock Geochemical Data 249 4.2.3.1 Major Element Compositions 249 4.2.3.2 Rare Earth Elements (REEs) 257 4.2.3.3 Other Trace Elements 257 4.2.4 Petrogenetic Discussion 258 4.2.4.1 Assessment of Element Mobility 258 4.2.4.2 Genetic Relationships Among Different Lithologies 258 4.2.4.3 Nature of the Mantle Source and Melting Conditions 261 4.2.4.4 Lithosphere Signature Preserved in the Alkaline Volcanic Rocks 263 4.2.4.5 Late Paleoproterozoic Asthenospheric Mantle Upwelling 265 4.2.5 Summary 266 4.3 Mesoproterozoic (sim1.23 Ga) Mafic Dykes Along the Northern Margin of North China Craton 266 4.3.1 Geological and Petrographic Features 266 4.3.2 Zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf Isotopes 269 4.3.3 Whole-Rock Geochemistry 277 4.3.4 Discussion 289 4.3.4.1 sim1.23 Ga Mafic Dykes Identified in the North China Craton 289 4.3.4.2 Nature of the Mantle Sources and Petrogenesis 291 4.3.5 Summary 292 4.4 Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic Sequence of Geological Events and Crust-Mantle Geodynamics 292 4.4.1 Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic Geological Events of Western Liaoning-Northeastern Hebei Provinces 292 4.4.2 Late Paleoproterozoic Geodynamic Settings 293 4.4.3 Mesoproterozoic Geodynamic Setting 295 References 296 5 Precambrian Crustal Evolution, Lithospheric Mantle Evolution and Crust-Mantle Geodynamics of Western Liaoning-Northeastern Hebei Provinces 302 Abstract 302 5.1 Precambiran Crustal Evolution History in Western Liaoning-Northeastern Hebei 303 5.2 Precambiran Lithospheric Mantle Evolution and Crust-Mantle Geodynamic Processes of the Western Liaoning-Northeastern Hebei Provinces 307 5.2.1 Formation Regime of Late Archean Lithospheric Mantle and Crust-Mantle Geodynamics 307 5.2.1.1 Formation of Late Paleoproterozoic Enriched Lithospheric Mantle and Crust-Mantle Geodynamic Processes 310 5.2.2 Late Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic (sim1670–1230 Ma) Lithospheric Mantle Evolution and Crust-Mantle Geodynamics 313 References 314 6 Concluding Remarks 318 Abstract 318 Front Matter ....Pages i-xix Introduction (Wei Wang)....Pages 1-21 Geological Background (Wei Wang)....Pages 23-40 Neoarchean Basement Rock Assemblage, Crustal Evolution and Crust-Mantle Interactions of Western Liaoning Province (Wei Wang)....Pages 41-180 Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic Magmatic Rock Assemblage and Crust-Mantle Geodynamic Processes (Wei Wang)....Pages 181-286 Precambrian Crustal Evolution, Lithospheric Mantle Evolution and Crust-Mantle Geodynamics of Western Liaoning-Northeastern Hebei Provinces (Wei Wang)....Pages 287-302 Concluding Remarks (Wei Wang)....Pages 303-305