Archaeology of the Military Orders. A Survey of the Urban Centres, Rural Settlements and Castles of the Military Orders in the Latin East (c. 1120-1291)

First Published in 2004. Including previously unpublished and little known material, this cutting-edge book presents a detailed discussion of the archaeological evidence of the five military orders in the Latin East: the Hospitallers; the Templars; the Teutonic Knight; the Leper Knights of St Lazarus; the Knights of St Thomas. Discussing in detail the distinctive architecture relating to their various undertakings (such as hospitals in Jerusalem and Acre) Adrian Boas places emphasis on the importance of the Military Orders in the development of military architecture in the Middle Ages. The three principal sections of the book consist of chapters relating to the urban quarters of the Orders in Jerusalem, Acre and other cities, their numerous rural possessions, and the tens of castles built or purchased and expanded in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. A highly illustrated and detailed study, this comprehensive volume will be an essential read for any archaeology student or scholar of this period. BOOK COVER 1 HALF-TITLE 2 TITLE 4 COPYRIGHT 5 CONTENTS 6 LIST OF FIGURES 10 PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 13 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 15 CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY 17 BACKGROUND 20 PART I: URBAN ADMINISTRATIVE CENTRES 34 1. THE URBAN QUARTERS OF THE TEMPLARS 38 2. THE URBAN QUARTERS OF THE HOSPITALLERS 62 3. THE URBAN QUARTERS OF THE TEUTONIC KNIGHTS 80 4. THE URBAN QUARTERS OF THE LEPER KNIGHTS OF ST LAZARUS 83 5. THE QUARTER OF THE KNIGHTS OF ST THOMAS 86 PART II: THE RURAL ACTIVITY OF THE MILITARY ORDERS 88 6. EXPANSION INTO THE COUNTRYSIDE 90 7. SUGAR-CANE CULTIVATION AND THE SUGAR INDUSTRY 112 PART III: THE DEFENCE OF THE LATIN EAST 114 8. CASTLES AND THE DEFENSIVE ROLE OF THE MILITARY ORDERS 118 9. THE CHOICE OF PLAN: CASTLE TYPOLOGY, DESIGN, LOCATION AND FUNCTION 125 10. NON-DEFENSIVE COMPONENTS OF A CASTLE 168 11. ELEMENTS OF FORTIFICATION 184 12. STONEMASONRY AND CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES 201 13. WEAPONS, ARMS AND ARMOUR 209 PART IV: ADDITIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE 214 14. DAILY LIFE OF THE MILITARY ORDERS 216 15. WORKS OF ART IN URBAN SITES AND CASTLES OF THE MILITARY ORDERS 227 CONCLUSION 236 APPENDIX I: CHRONOLOGY OF CASTLES 239 APPENDIX II: GAZETTEER OF SITES OF THE MILITARY ORDERS 241 NOTES 279 BIBLIOGRAPHY 310 INDEX 326 A Survey of the Urban Centres, Rural Settlements and Castles of the Military Orders in the Latin East (c.1120-1291)

Including previously unpublished and little known material, this cutting-edge book presents a detailed discussion of the archaeological evidence of the five military orders in the Latin East:

• the Hospitallers
• the Templars
• the Teutonic Knights
• the Leper Knights of St Lazarus
• the Knights of St Thomas.

Discussing in detail the distinctive architecture relating to their various undertakings (such as hospitals in Jerusalem and Acre) Adrian Boas places emphasis on the importance of the Military Orders in the development of military architecture in the Middle Ages. The three principal sections of the book consist of chapters relating to the urban quarters of the Orders in Jerusalem, Acre and other cities, their numerous rural possessions, and the tens of castles built or purchased and expanded in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

A highly illustrated and detailed study, this comprehensive volume will be an essential read for any archaeology student or scholar of this period.

Includes previously unpublished and little known material, this cutting edge book presents a detailed discussion of the archaeological evidence of the five military orders in the Latin East: the Hospitallers, the Templars, the Teutonic Knights, the Leper Knights of St Lazarus, the Knights of St Thomas. Discussing in detail the distinctive architecture relating to their various undertakings (such as hospitals in Jerusalem and Acre) Adrian Boas places emphasis on the importance of the Military Orders in the development of military architecture in the Middle Ages. The three principal sections of the book consist of chapters relating to the urban quarters of the Orders in Jerusalem, Acre and other cities, their numerous rural possessions, and the tens of castles built or purchased and expanded in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. A highly illustrated and detailed study, this comprehensive volume will be an essential read for any archaeology student or scholar of this fascinating period