Appointment of judges to the Supreme Court of India : transparency, accountability, and independence

In Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India [(2016) 5 SCC 1], a five-judge bench of the Supreme Court struck down the 99th Amendment to the Constitution and the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act, 2014, which replaced the existing collegium system with the NJAC, a new bipartisan model for appointing judges. This edited volume uses the judgment in the NJAC Case as a springboard to address the politics, doctrine, and developments pertaining to judicial appointments in India. It critically examines fundamental constitutional concepts such as rule of law, separation of powers, basic structure, and judicial independence which formed the basis of the judgment. It provides a rich and detailed history of post-Independence appointment of judges to locate the NJAC Case in its proper constitutional context. It also analyses reforms to judicial appointments in key South Asian and common law jurisdictions to understand what appointments in India might look like in the future. The volume has 21 essays across three parts—Part I provides an analysis of judicial appointments in India from the time prior to Independence to the present day, Part II analyses constitutional principles and their application in the NJAC Case, and Part III is a comparative enquiry into appointments processes in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Canada, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. Title_Pages Dedication Foreword Introduction From_Kania_to_SarkariaJudicial_Appointments_from_1950_to_1973 A_Committed_JudiciaryIndira_Gandhi_and_Judicial_Appointments Recovering_Lost_GroundThe_Case_of_the_Curious_Eighties The_Judicial_CollegiumIssues_Controversies_and_the_Road_Ahead A_Plague_on_Both_Your_HousesNJAC_and_the_Crisis_of_Trust Judicial_Review_and_Parliamentary_PowerReorienting_the_Balance Checks_and_Balances_RevisitedThe_Role_of_the_Executive_in_Judicial_Appointments Opening_up_AppointmentsCivil_Society_Participation_in_the_NJAC The_Obvious_Foundation_TestReinventing_the_Basic_Structure_Doctrine Eight_Fatal_FlawsThe_Failings_of_the_National_Judicial_Appointments_Commission The_Sole_Route_to_an_Independent_JudiciaryThe_Primacy_of_Judges_in_Appointment Justice_Lokurs_Concurring_ViewThe_Future_of_Appointments_Reform Justice_Chelameswars_DissentReforming_to_Preserve The_NJAC_Case_and_Judicial_IndependenceConceptual_and_Contextual_Safeguards Comparative_Law_in_the_NJAC_JudgmentA_Missed_Opportunity Judicialization_of_Judicial_AppointmentsA_Response_from_the_United_Kingdom South_AfricaAnalysing_a_Commission_Model Appointments_to_the_Supreme_Court_of_CanadaProcedures_and_Controversies Judicial_Appointments_in_PakistanThe_Seminal_Case_of_the_18th_Amendment Judicial_Appointments_in_Sri_LankaA_Politicized_Trajectory Appointments_to_the_Supreme_Court_of_NepalA_New_Beginning Index About_the_Editors_and_Contributors Présentation de l'éditeur : "In Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India, the Supreme Court of India, by majority, struck down the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC), established to appoint judges to the Supreme Court of India and High Courts. Unsurprisingly, the NJAC judgment has been the subject of a deeply polarized debate in the public sphere and academia. The essays in this volume analyse the NJAC judgment, and provide a rich context to it, in terms of philosophical, comparative, and constitutional issues that underpin it. The work traces the history of judicial appointments in India; analyses constitutional principles behind selecting judges and their application in the NJAC Case; and comparatively examines the judicial appointments process in six select countries-UK, South Africa, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Canada, and Nepal-enquiring into what makes a good judge and an effective appointments process." In Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India, the Supreme Court of India, by majority, struck down the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC), established to appoint judges to the Supreme Court of India and High Courts. Unsurprisingly, the NJAC judgment has been the subject of a deeply polarized debate in the public sphere and academia. The essays in this volume analyse the NJAC judgment, and provide a rich context to it, in terms of philosophical, comparative, and constitutional issues that underpin it. The work traces the history of judicial appointments in India; analyses constitutional principles behind selecting judges and their application in the NJAC Case; and comparatively examines the judicial appointments process in six foreign jurisdictions, enquiring into what makes a good judge and an effective appointments process