Applied Technologies : 4th International Conference, ICAT 2022, Quito, Ecuador, November 23–25, 2022, Revised Selected Papers, Part I

This three-volume set CCIS 1755-1757 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Technologies, ICAT 2022, held in Quito, Ecuador, in November 2022. The 112 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 415 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: human computing and information science, IT financial and business management. Preface Organization Contents – Part I Contents – Part II Contents – Part III Communications Hybrid Solar-Radiofrequency Energy Harvesting System for Fifth Generation 5G Terminals 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Design 2.2 Simulation 2.3 Fabrication 2.4 Characterization 3 Analysis of Results 4 Conclusions References Smart Antenna Array for Optimal Electromagnetic Energy Capture 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Design 2.2 Antenna Arrays 2.3 Design 2.4 Simulation 2.5 Manufacturing 2.6 Characterization 3 Conclusions References e-Learning Virtual Training Module for the Production of Rubber Adhesives Through the Production of Cyclopentenol 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Virtual Environment 4 Modeling of the Process 5 Controllers Design 5.1 Control of Numerical Methods 5.2 Control of Fuzzy 5.3 Control MPC 6 Experimental Results 6.1 Module Construction 6.2 Virtual Environment 6.3 Controllers Performance 7 Conclusions References Virtual Training Module for the Extraction of Essential Oils Using a Distillation Column 1 Introduction 2 Extraction of Essential Oils 2.1 Process Description 3 Virtual Environment 4 Control Algorithms 4.1 PID Control 4.2 Fuzzy Control 4.3 MPC Control 5 Analysis and Results 5.1 Implemented Module 5.2 Virtual Environment 5.3 Implemented Control Schemes 6 Conclusions References Teaching Digital Competences in University Professors: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Literature Review in Web of Science 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Results 3.1 Meta-analysis Results 3.2 Primary Research Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Evaluation of the Kahoot Tool as an Applied Assessment in Physical Education Learning 1 Introduction 1.1 The Problem and Context 1.2 Aspectos Teóricos Relevantes 1.3 Related Work 1.4 About This Document 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Materials 2.2 Method 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Assessment Process 3.2 Educational Skills 3.3 Participant Observation 4 Conclusions References Intelligent Systems Enhanced Books Recommendation Using Clustering Techniques and Knowledge Graphs 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 1.2 Main Contributions 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Data Preparation 2.2 Recommendation Approach Based on Books Clustering 3 Results 3.1 Experimental Results 3.2 Output Presentation 3.3 Discussion 4 Conclusions References Handwritten Signature Verification System Using Convolutional Neural Network for Real-Time Applications 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Business Understanding 2.2 Data Understanding 2.3 Data Preparation 2.4 Modeling 2.5 Evaluation 2.6 Deployment 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Hyperparameter Optimization 3.2 Experiment 3.3 False Accepted Rate 3.4 False Rejected Rate 3.5 Equal Error Rate 4 Conclusions References A Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict Cervical Cancer on Imbalanced Data 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Dataset 2.2 Pre-processing 2.3 Imbalanced Data Techniques 2.4 Algorithms 2.5 Evaluation 3 Results 3.1 SMOTETomek 3.2 SMOTE 3.3 ROS 4 Conclusion References An Electronic Equipment for Automatic Identification of Forest Seed Species 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Proposed Equipment 2.1 Structure of the Electronic Equipment 2.2 Image Acquisition 2.3 Image Processing and Forest Seed Identification 3 Results References Automatic Evaluation of Physiotherapy Activities Using Deep Learning Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Motion Sensors 2.2 Physiotherapy Exercises 2.3 Machine and Deep Learning 3 Proposal 3.1 Data Set 3.2 Pre-processing and Adaptation 3.3 Deep Learning Architectures 3.4 Evaluation 4 Main Results 4.1 Deep Neural Network 4.2 Convolutional Neural Network 4.3 Recurrent Neural Networks 5 Conclusions References Multivariable Control Approach Applied to the Embryo Incubation Process of Gallus Gallus Domesticus 1 Introduction 2 Dynamic Model 2.1 Approximate Model of the Incubation System 3 Interaction and Decoupling of Variables 4 Control Strategies 4.1 PI Controller 4.2 Fuzzy PI Controller 4.3 Tuning Through Genetic Algorithms 4.4 Implementation of Controllers 5 Tests and Results 5.1 Reference Tracking Test 5.2 Regulatory Test 5.3 Conclusions References Discovering Visual Deficiencies in Pilots Candidates Using Data Mining 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Material and Method 3.1 Architecture 3.2 Data Analysis Module 3.3 Database Scheme 3.4 Software 3.5 Interfaces 4 Experimental Study Design 4.1 Participants 4.2 Procedure 5 Results 6 Conclusions 7 Future Work References An Electronic Equipment for Measuring Color Difference Between Tissues Based on Digital Image Processing and Neural Networks 1 Introduction 2 Description of Electronic Equipment 2.1 Image Acquisition 2.2 Image Processing Algorithm 2.3 Neural Network Training 3 Results and Discussion References Artificial Intelligence-Based Banana Ripeness Detection 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Background 3.1 Machine Learning in Agriculture 3.2 Von Loesecke Scale 3.3 Support Vector Machine 4 Framework and Methodology 4.1 Data Collation 4.2 Preprocessing 4.3 Feature Extraction 4.4 Modeling: Multiple Classes Classification 5 Experiments and Analysis 5.1 Experimental Setup and Data Preprocessing 5.2 Feature Extraction 5.3 Parameter Setting and Model Training 5.4 Baseline Methods 5.5 Experimental Evaluation and Discussion 6 Conclusion and Future Work References U-Net vs. TransUNet: Performance Comparison in Medical Image Segmentation 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Medical Image Segmentation Using Neural Networks 2.2 Medical Image Segmentation Using U-Net 2.3 Medical Image Segmentation Using TransUNet 3 Materials and Method 3.1 Dataset Description 3.2 Architectures Under Study 3.3 Dataset Challenge Selection and Preprocessing 3.4 Model Specifications, Hyperparameters and Training 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Spleen Segmentation 4.2 Left Atrium Segmentation 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Access Control Through Mask Detection and Estimation of People Capacity in Covered Premises 1 Introduction 2 Our Proposal 2.1 Mask Detection Model 2.2 People Counting Model 3 Model Implementation 3.1 Mask Detector 3.2 Training 3.3 Inference 3.4 People Counter 3.5 Audible Messages Implementation 3.6 Capacity Server Deployment 3.7 Prototype Assembly 4 Tests and Results 4.1 Mask Detector Test 4.2 People Counter Test 4.3 Real Scenery Test 5 Conclusions References Customer Segmentation in Food Retail Sector: An Approach from Customer Behavior and Product Association Rules 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Exploratory Analysis and Data Preprocessing 2.2 Segmentation of Customers 2.3 Association Rules 3 Results 3.1 Exploratory Analysis and Data Preprocessing 3.2 RFM Analysis 3.3 Algorithms of Segmentations 3.4 Associations Rules 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Appendix References Bibliometric Analysis of Web of Science Database STEM Fields in Engineering and Mathematics. Ecuador’s Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Image Processing Method to Estimate Water Quality Parameter 1 Introduction 2 Literature 3 System Proposal and Requirements 4 Experiment 4.1 Materials 4.2 Physical Set up 4.3 Procedure 4.4 Analysis 5 Results 6 Conclusions References Use of the Student Engagement as a Strategy to Optimize Online Education, Applying a Supervised Machine Learning Model Using Facial Recognition 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Architecture and Implementation 3.1 Tools 3.2 Architecture 4 Evaluation 4.1 Scenario Definition 5 Results 5.1 DeepFace Results 5.2 XCeption vs Real Engagement Results 5.3 EVEA Test 5.4 Future Work 6 Conclusions References Crime Data Analysis Using Machine Learning Models 1 Introduction 1.1 Types of Crimes 1.2 Related Work 2 Methods 2.1 Models and Metrics 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Machine Vision Gene Therapy as a Solution to Genetic Diseases Through DNA Manipulation 1 Introduction 1.1 The Ex Vivo Strategy 1.2 In Situ Strategy 1.3 The in Vivo Strategy 2 Gene Therapy and Its Technical Limitations 3 Gene Therapy and Its Ethical Limitations 4 Methodology 5 Results 6 Conclusions References Security Vulnerability of CAPTCHA Systems Using Bots with Computer Vision Abilities 1 Introduction 2 Structure and Methodology 2.1 Selection of the RPA Tool 2.2 BOT for the Analysis of Vulnerabilities in CAPTCHA Systems 2.3 Integration with Google Cloud Platform 2.4 Development of the Bot in the RPA UiPath Tools 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Results 3.2 Discussion 4 Conclusions and Future Work References Military Leadership in the Ecuadorian Army 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Survey Reliability 3.2 Dimensions of Military Leadership 3.3 Characteristics of the Military Leader 3.4 Military Leadership Style 3.5 Interview Analysis 3.6 Dimension Reduction Analysis 4 Conclusions References Analysis of Key Variables for Ecuadorian Defense Industry Development 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 3.1 Conceptualization of Variables Related to the Defense Industry in Ecuador 3.2 Results of the Application of the MICMAC 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References The Prioritization of External Security as a Means of Guaranteeing Multidimensional Security and Economic Growth 1 Introduction 2 Security as a Means to Guarantee the Existence of the State and the Human Being 2.1 External Security as a Priority in World Wars 2.2 The Focus of Internal Security Post External Security 2.3 Multidimensional Security as a Response to Internal Post-conflict 2.4 External Security and Multidimensional Security 3 Economic View of Wars Within External Security 4 Discussion of the Results 5 Conclusions References Comparative Study of Deep Learning Algorithms in the Detection of Phishing Attacks Based on HTML and Text Obtained from Web Pages 1 Introduction 1.1 Social Engineering 1.2 Phishing 1.3 Phishing Detection Methods 1.4 Related Works 1.5 Hypothesis 1.6 Objectives 1.7 Datasets 2 Methodology 2.1 Data Collection 2.2 Preprocessing 3 Results 3.1 Execution of Deep Learning Algorithms 4 Discussion 4.1 Deep Neural Network 4.2 Recurrent Neural Network 4.3 Convolutional Neural Network 4.4 Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networks 4.5 Comparison Among the Application of the Four Algorithms 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Ground Robot for Search and Rescue Management 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Statement of the Problem 4 Justification 5 Objectives 5.1 Main 5.2 Specifics 6 Hypothesis 7 Arguments 7.1 Literature Review 7.2 Experiment Setup 7.3 Electronic Connections 8 Results 8.1 Design and Construction 8.2 Machine Vision Exploration and Navigation 8.3 Conclusions and Recommendations References A Virtual Shooting Range, Experimental Study for Military Training 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Scope of the Research 3.1 Methodology 3.2 Architecture 4 Virtual Environments 4.1 3D Object Modeling 4.2 Component Integration 4.3 Experimental Protocol 5 Results 6 Conclusions and Future Works References Recovery of Level III Ballistic Plates by Reinforcing and Renewing Their Structural Components 1 Introduction 2 Materials, Equipment and Tests 2.1 Materials and Equipment 2.2 Tests 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Technology Trends[Please insert \PrerenderUnicode{} into preamble] A Blockchain-Based Model for OAuth Authorization via Third-Party Web Application 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Background 3.1 Core Concepts 3.2 Related Works 3.3 Materials 4 Results 4.1 Blockchain and OAuth 2.0 Versatilities Applied to the Model. 4.2 How Do Blockchain and OAuth 2.0 Work Together to Grant Access to a Web Resource via Third-Party Web Application? 4.3 Model Development and Test 5 Conclusions References A Blockchain-Based Prototype to Support the Medical Prescription Control 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Materials and Background 3.1 Core Concepts 3.2 Hardware and Software 4 Experiments and Results 4.1 Requirements Specification 4.2 Process Diagram Phase 4.3 Model Development Phase 4.4 Interaction and Validation Phase 4.5 Previous Studies 5 Conclusions 5.1 Contributions 5.2 Future Works Appendix A: Patient registration Appendix B: Prescription registration Appendix C: Search for medical prescriptions Appendix D: Medical prescription (PDF format) References Identification System Based on Facial Recognition Services in the Cloud 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Proposed Architecture 4 System Implementation 5 Conclusion and Future Work References ESPE-Chat: An Inclusive Application for People with Hearing Impairment 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Related Works 4 Methodology 5 Tests and Results 6 Conclusions References IoT for Energy Saving at Homes in Santo Domingo de Los Tsáchilas 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Monitoring System Based on an IoT Platform for an AFPM Generator 1 Introduction 2 Component Selection 3 Monitoring Platform Construction 3.1 Storage in the Database 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Cyber-Physical Systems in Education: A New Approach to Continuous Improvement and Agile Learning 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Virtual Education 2.2 Smart Education 2.3 Design Thinking 2.4 Lean Startup 3 Structure of the Environment 4 System Development 4.1 System Construction 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 System Interaction 5.2 Validation 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Open-Source Platform for Development of Taximeters: Adjustment Software 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 2.1 Commercial Taximeters in Ecuador 2.2 Graphical Interface 3 Methodology 3.1 General System Structure 3.2 Evolutionary Development Model (Spiral) 3.3 Flowchart of Interface Operation 3.4 Development of the Adjustment Software 3.5 Development of the Hardware 4 Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References XiMent: Multiplatform Cognitive Training System Based on Multimedia Technologies and Reminiscence Methodology for the Population of Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Mild Cognitive Impairment 2.2 Technology and Digital Media in Geriatric Therapies 2.3 Multiplatform Application: Therapeutic Environment 2.4 Multisensory Reminiscence Therapy 2.5 Reminiscence Methodology for Videogames 3 Implementation 3.1 Game Engine 3.2 Multiplatform Application Environment 4 Games 4.1 Cognitive Area Attention 4.2 Cognitive Area Attention Games 4.3 Cognitive Area Memory 4.4 Área Cognitiva Función Ejecutiva 5 Results Evaluation 6 Discussion 7 Future Work 8 Conclusions References A Dataset for Analysis of Quality Code and Toxic Comments 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 2 Methods and Tools 2.1 Classification Toxic Model 2.2 Implementation Details 2.3 Dataset Schema and Production 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Project Selection for Data Set 3.2 How to Leverage the Dataset 3.3 Threats to Validity 4 Conclusions References Model-Driven Engineering Applied to User Interfaces. A Systematic Literature Review 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Research Methods 3.1 Planning the Review 3.2 Conducting the Review 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions and Future Work References A Model Based on Attitudinal Factors Which Impact the Development of Technical Projects as Undergraduate Work 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Definition of the Proposal 2.2 Attitudinal Factors that Affect the Titling Process 2.3 Analysis of Attitudinal Factors 2.4 Proposed Model 2.5 Evaluation of the Model 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Resulting Reliability Analysis of the Evaluation Instrument 3.2 Matrices Resulting from Inter-element Correlation 3.3 Model Resulting from the Assessment 3.4 Resulting Final Model 4 Conclusions and Recommendations References Author Index