Applied Statistics in Business and Economics (The Mcgraw-hill/Irwin Series, Operations and Decision Sciences)

applied Statistics In Business & Economics, 3rd Edition Provides A Comprehensive Introduction To Statistics Concepts And Applications In Business And Economics. The Text And Online Supplements Emphasize Thinking About Data, Choosing Appropriate Data Analytic Tools, And Using Computers Effectively. The Authors Demonstrate Easily Mastered Software Techniques Using The Common Software Available. Cover Page 1 Title Page 2 Copyright Page 3 Abouth the Authors 4 From the 5 Authors 6 HOWARE CHAPTERS ORGANIZED TO PROMOTE STUDENT LEARNING? 7 HOW DOES THIS TEXT REINFORCE STUDENT LEARNING? 9 WHAT TECHNOLOGY CONNECTS STUDENTS TO BUSINESS STATISTICS? 11 WHAT TECHNOLOGY CONNECTS STUDENTSTO BUSINESS STATISTICS? 13 WHAT SOFTWARE IS AVAILABLE FOR USE WITH THIS TEXT? 15 WHAT RESOURCES AREAVAILABLE FOR INSTRUCTORS? 16 WHAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE FOR STUDENTS? 17 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 18 ENHANCEMENTS FOR DOANE/SEWARD ASBE 3E 21 BRIEF CONTENTS 23 CONTENTS 24 Half Title Page 28 CHAPTER ONE Overview of Statistics 29 1.1 What Is Statistics? 31 1.2 Why Study Statistics? 32 1.3 Uses of Statistics 34 1.4 Statistical Challenges 37 1.5 Critical Thinking 41 Chapter Summary 44 Chapter Exercises 45 CHAPTER TWO Data Collection 49 2.1 Definitions 50 2.2 Level of Measurement 53 2.3 Time Series versus Cross-Sectional Data 57 2.4 Sampling Concepts 58 2.5 Sampling Methods 62 2.6 Data Sources 71 2.7 Surveys 72 Chapter Summary 77 Chapter Exercises 78 CHAPTER THREE Describing Data Visually 85 3.1 Visual Description 86 3.2 Dot Plots 88 3.3 Frequency Distributions and Histograms 91 3.4 Excel Charts 101 3.5 Line Charts 104 3.6 Bar Charts 109 3.7 Scatter Plots 113 3.8 Tables 118 3.9 Pie Charts 122 3.10 Deceptive Graphs 124 Chapter Summary 127 Chapter Exercises 128 CHAPTER FOUR Descriptive Statistics 139 4.1 Numerical Description 140 4.2 Central Tendency 143 4.3 Dispersion 157 4.4 Standardized Data 164 4.5 Percentiles, Quartiles, and Box Plots 169 4.6 Correlation and Covariance 176 4.7 Grouped Data 180 4.8 Skewness and Kurtosis 181 Chapter Summary 185 Chapter Exercises 187 Exam Review Questions for Chapters 1 ̈C4 196 CHAPTER FIVE Probability 199 5.1 Random Experiments 200 5.2 Probability 202 5.3 Rules of Probability 206 5.4 Independent Events 212 5.5 Contingency Tables 215 5.6 Tree Diagrams 223 5.7 Bayes' Theorem 225 5.8 Counting Rules 230 Chapter Summary 234 Chapter Exercises 235 CHAPTER SIX Discrete Probability Distributions 241 6.1 Discrete Distributions 242 6.2 Uniform Distribution 248 6.3 Bernoulli Distribution 251 6.4 Binomial Distribution 252 6.5 Poisson Distribution 259 6.6 Hypergeometric Distribution 265 6.7 Geometric Distribution (Optional) 269 6.8 Transformations of Random Variables (Optional) 271 Chapter Summary 274 Chapter Exercises 276 CHAPTER SEVEN Continuous Probability Distributions 281 7.1 Describing a Continuous Distribution 283 7.2 Uniform Continuous Distribution 284 7.3 Normal Distribution 287 7.4 Standard Normal Distribution 289 7.5 Normal Approximations 301 7.6 Exponential Distribution 304 7.7 Triangular Distribution (Optional) 309 Chapter Summary 312 Chapter Exercises 314 Exam Review Questions for Chapters 5 ̈C7 319 CHAPTER EIGHT Sampling Distributions and Estimation 321 8.1 Sampling Variation 322 8.2 Estimators and Sampling Distributions 324 8.3 Sample Mean and the Central Limit Theorem 327 8.4 Confidence Interval for a Mean (μ) with Known σ 334 8.5 Confidence Interval for a Mean (μ) with Unknown σ 337 8.6 Confidence Interval for a Proportion (π) 345 8.7 Sample Size Determination for a Mean 354 8.8 Sample Size Determination for a Proportion 356 8.9 Confidence Interval for a Population Variance, σ2 358 Chapter Summary 361 Chapter Exercises 362 CHAPTER NINE One-Sample Hypothesis Tests 367 9.1 Logic of Hypothesis Testing 368 9.2 Statistical Hypothesis Testing 375 9.3 Testing a Mean: Known Population Variance 380 9.4 Testing a Mean: Unknown Population Variance 386 9.5 Testing a Proportion 392 9.6 Power Curves and OC Curves (Optional) 401 9.7 Tests for One Variance (Optional) 408 Chapter Summary 410 Chapter Exercises 412 CHAPTER TEN Two-Sample Hypothesis Tests 417 10.1 Two-Sample Tests 418 10.2 Comparing Two Means: Independent Samples 420 10.3 Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Means, μ1 - μ2 428 10.4 Comparing Two Means: Paired Samples 431 10.5 Comparing Two Proportions 436 10.6 Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Proportions, π1 - π2 443 10.7 Comparing Two Variances 444 Chapter Summary 452 Chapter Exercises 453 Exam Review Questions for Chapters 8-10 463 CHAPTER ELEVEN Analysis of Variance 465 11.1 Overview of ANOVA 466 11.2 One-Factor ANOVA (Completely Randomized Model) 469 11.3 Multiple Comparisons 477 11.4 Tests for Homogeneity of Variances 479 11.5 Two-Factor ANOVA without Replication (Randomized Block Model) 483 11.6 Two-Factor ANOVA with Replication (Full Factorial Model) 491 11.7 Higher Order ANOVA Models (Optional) 500 Chapter Summary 504 Chapter Exercises 505 CHAPTER TWELVE Simple Regression 515 12.1 Visual Displays and Correlation Analysis 516 12.2 Simple Regression 521 12.3 Regression Terminology 523 12.4 Ordinary Least Squares Formulas 526 12.5 Tests for Significance 531 12.6 Analysis of Variance: Overall Fit 538 12.7 Confidence and Prediction Intervals for Y 542 12.8 Residual Tests 545 12.9 Unusual Observations 551 12.10 Other Regression Problems 555 Chapter Summary 559 Chapter Exercises 562 CHAPTER THIRTEEN Multiple Regression 571 13.1 Multiple Regression 572 13.2 Assessing Overall Fit 578 13.3 Predictor Significance 581 13.4 Confidence Intervals for Y 585 13.5 Binary Predictors 587 13.6 Tests for Nonlinearity and Interaction 595 13.7 Multicollinearity 598 13.8 Violations of Assumptions 602 13.9 Other Regression Topics 607 Chapter Summary 609 Chapter Exercises 611 Exam Review Questions for Chapters 11 ̈C13 619 CHAPTER FOURTEEN Time-Series Analysis 621 14.1 Time-Series Components 622 14.2 Trend Forecasting 626 14.3 Assessing Fit 639 14.4 Moving Averages 641 14.5 Exponential Smoothing 644 14.6 Seasonality 649 14.7 Index Numbers 655 14.8 Forecasting: Final Thoughts 657 Chapter Summary 658 Chapter Exercises 660 CHAPTER FIFTEEN Chi-Square Tests 669 15.1 Chi-Square Test for Independence 670 15.2 Chi-Square Tests for Goodness-of-Fit 681 15.3 Uniform Goodness-of-Fit Test 683 15.4 Poisson Goodness-of-Fit Test 687 15.5 Normal Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test 692 15.6 ECDF Tests (Optional) 697 Chapter Summary 699 Chapter Exercises 701 CHAPTER SIXTEEN Nonparametric Tests 711 16.1 Why Use Nonparametric Tests? 712 16.2 One-Sample Runs Test 713 16.3 Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test 716 16.4 Mann-Whitney Test 719 16.5 Kruskal-Wallis Test for Independent Samples 722 16.6 Friedman Test for Related Samples 727 16.7 Spearman Rank Correlation Test 729 Chapter Summary 733 Chapter Exercises 734 CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Quality Management 741 17.1 Quality and Variation 742 17.2 Customer Orientation 744 17.3 Behavioral Aspects of Quality 745 17.4 Pioneers in Quality Management 746 17.5 Quality Improvement 748 17.6 Control Charts: Overview 751 17.7 Control Charts for a Mean 752 17.8 Control Charts for a Range 760 17.9 Patterns in Control Charts 761 17.10 Process Capability 763 17.11 Other Control Charts 766 17.12 Additional Quality Topics (Optional) 771 Chapter Summary 774 Chapter Exercises 776 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Simulation (Online Learning Center www.mhhe.com/doane3e) 785 18.1 What Is Simulation? 786 18.2 Monte Carlo Simulation 789 18.3 Random Number Generation 792 18.4 Excel Add-Ins 795 18.5 Dynamic Simulation 799 Chapter Summary 800 Chapter Exercises 801 APPENDIXES 805 A Binomial Probabilities 805 B Poisson Probabilities 807 C-1 Standard Normal Areas 810 C-2 Cumulative Standard Normal Distribution 811 D Student's t Critical Values 813 E Chi-Square Critical Values 814 F Critical Values of F.10 815 G Solutions to Odd-Numbered Exercises 823 H Answers to Exam Review Questions 848 I Writing and Presenting Reports 850 PHOTO CREDITS 855 INDEX 856