Applied Physical Pharmacy 2/E

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. A UNIQUE PRACTICE-ORIENTED INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL PHARMACY Applied Physical Pharmacy explores the fundamental physicochemical properties and processes important for understanding how drugs are transformed into usable and stable drug products that release their drug upon administration, and for understanding the different processes that the released drug may encounter on its way to its pharmacological target prior to being eliminated by the body. Applied Physical Pharmacy begins with a review of key biopharmaceutics concepts of drug liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. These concepts, which describe the fate of the drug in the body, set the framework for subsequent chapters that describe physicochemical properties and processes such as states ofmatter, solutions, ionization, dissolution and partitioning, mass transport, complexation, and protein binding. Concepts in these chapters are important for not only understanding a drug's fate in the body, but also for providing a scientific basis for rational drug formulation and usage. Other physical pharmacy topics important to drugformulation are discussed in the chapters that follow, which describe dispersed systems, rheology, and interfacial phenomena. The book concludes with an overview of the principles of kinetics that are essential to understanding the rates at which many of the processes discussed in previous chapters occur. To facilitate learning, chapters are enhanced by Learning Objectives, Key Points, Problems, and Clinical Questions. To make the book as relevant to real-world practice as possible, this edition includes an increased number of clinical examples and applications. Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Contributors Preface 1. Introduction to Biopharmaceutics Introduction Drug Disposition—The Fate of the Drug After Administration LADME Conclusion Key Points Clinical Questions 2. States of Matter Related to Pharmaceutical Formulations Intermolecular Forces States of Matter Stability of Solids Acknowledgment Problems Answers Key Points Clinical Questions 3. Physical Properties of Solutions General Considerations Concentration Expressions Classification of Aqueous Solution Systems Physical Properties of Solutions Physiologic Applications of Colligative Properties Isotonic Solutions Sodium Chloride Equivalent Values (E) Problems Answers Key Points Clinical Questions 4. Ionic Equilibria and Buffers Electrolytes versus Nonelectrolytes Importance of Ionization in Pharmacy Acids and Bases Ionization of Water Ionization of Electrolytes Ionization of Salts Buffers Ionization of Amphoteric Electrolytes Ionization of Polyprotic Acids Activity and Activity Coefficient Acid-Base Titration and Titration Curve Case Studies Problems Answers Key Points Appendix Suggested Readings 5. Solubility, Dissolution, and Partitioning Solubility Dissolution Dissolution of Particles USP Dissolution Testing Significance of Dissolution Studies Factors Affecting Drug Dissolution Partitioning Solubility Problems Answers Dissolution Problems Answers Partitioning Problems Answers Key Points Clinical Questions 6. Mass Transport Introduction Transport Systems Diffusion Through a Membrane Significance of Diffusion Significance of Osmosis Problems Answers Key Points Clinical Questions 7. Complexation and Protein Binding Introduction Types of Complexes Metal-Ion Coordinate Complexes Cyclodextrin Complexes Ion-Exchange Resins Protein-Ligand Interaction Plasma Protein Binding Problems Answers Key Points Clinical Questions Appendix 8. Dispersed Systems Dispersed Systems Classified by their Phases Dispersed Systems Classified by their Particle Size Physical Stability of Dispersed Systems Summary Problems Answers Key Points Clinical Questions Suggested Readings 9. Interfacial Phenomena Surface Tension Electrical Double Layer Adsorption Problems Answers Key Points Clinical Questions Appendix 10. Rheology Introduction Newtonian Flow Viscosity of Newtonian Fluids Effect of Temperature on Viscosity Non-Newtonian Flow Thixotropy Viscoelasticity Significance of Rheology Viscosity Modifiers Problems Answers Key Points Clinical Questions Appendix 11. Chemical Kinetics of Pharmaceuticals Common Drug Degradation Reactions Order of Reaction Determination of the Order of a Reaction Stability and Shelf Life of Drugs Enzyme Catalysis Reactions Pharmacokinetics: An Extension of Reaction Kinetics Problems Answers Clinical Questions Suggested Readings Appendix: Basic Mathematical Concepts Equations Logarithmic Function Exponential Function Differentiation and Integration Functions Bibliography Mathematical Tables Endnotes Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A UNIQUE PRACTICE-ORIENTED INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL PHARMACY Applied Physical Pharmacy explores the fundamental physicochemical properties and processes important for understanding how drugs are transformed into usable and stable drug products that release their drug upon administration, and for understanding the different processes that the released drug may encounter on its way to its pharmacological target prior to being eliminated by the body. Applied Physical Pharmacy begins with a review of key biopharmaceutics concepts of drug liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. These concepts, which describe the fate of the drug in the body, set the framework for subsequent chapters that describe physicochemical properties and processes such as states of matter, solutions, ionization, dissolution and partitioning, mass transport, complexation, and protein binding. Concepts in these chapters are important for not only understanding a drug's fate in the body, but also for providing a scientific basis for rational drug formulation and usage. Other physical pharmacy topics important to drug formulation are discussed in the chapters that follow, which describe dispersed systems, rheology, and interfacial phenomena. The book concludes with an overview of the principles of kinetics that are essential to understanding the rates at which many of the processes discussed in previous chapters occur. To facilitate learning, chapters are enhanced by Learning Objectives, Key Points, Problems, and Clinical Questions. To make the book as relevant to real-world practice as possible, this edition includes an increased number of clinical examples and applications. This book explores the fundamental physicochemical properties and processes important for understanding how drugs are transformed into usable and stable drug products that release their drug upon administration, and for understanding the different processes that the released drug may encounter on its way to its pharmacological target prior to being eliminated by the body. This book begins with a review of key biopharmaceutics concepts of drug liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. These concepts, which describe the fate of the drug in the body, set the framework for subsequent chapters that describe physicochemical properties and processes such as states of matter, solutions, ionization, dissolution and partitioning, mass transport, complexation, and protein binding. Concepts in these chapters are important for not only understanding a drug's fate in the body, but also for providing a scientific basis for rational drug formulation and usage. Other physical pharmacy topics important to drug formulation are discussed in the chapters that follow, which describe dispersed systems, rheology, and interfacial phenomena. The book concludes with an overview of the principles of kinetics that are essential to understanding the rates at which many of the processes discussed in previous chapters occur **Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.** ## A UNIQUE PRACTICE-ORIENTED INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL PHARMACY __Applied Physical Pharmacy__ explores the fundamental physicochemical properties and processes important for understanding how drugs are transformed into usable and stable drug products that release their drug upon administration, and for understanding the different processes that the released drug may encounter on its way to its pharmacological target prior to being eliminated by the body. To facilitate learning, chapters are enhanced by Learning Objectives, Key Points, Problems, and Clinical Questions. To make the book as relevant to real-world practice as possible, this edition includes an increased number of clinical examples and applications. Presents an introduction to physical pharmacy. This book begins with a review of key biopharmaceutics concepts of drug liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.