Applied Pharmacology for the Dental Hygienist, 9th Edition

Title page Table of Contents Copyright Dedication Preface Intended Audience Importance to the Profession Organization Key Features Ancillaries Acknowledgments How to be successful in pharmacology Use of Objectives to Focus Studying Part I: General Principles 1: Information, Sources, Regulatory Agencies, Drug Legislation, and Prescription Writing History Role of the dental hygienist Sources of information Drug names Federal regulations and regulatory agencies Clinical evaluation of a new drug Drug legislation Prescription writing Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical applications 2: Drug Action and Handling Characterization of drug action Mechanism of action of drugs Pharmacokinetics Clinical pharmacokinetics Factors that alter drug effects Routes of administration and dose forms Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study 3: Adverse Reactions Definitions and classifications Clinical manifestations of adverse reactions Toxicologic evaluation of drugs Recognizing adverse drug effects Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study Part II: Drugs Used in Dentistry 4: Autonomic Drugs Autonomic Nervous System Parasympathetic Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System Dental Hygiene Considerations Academic Skills Assessment Clinical Case Study 5: Nonopioid (Nonnarcotic) Analgesics Pain Classification Salicylates Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs Acetaminophen Drugs used to treat gout Drugs used to treat arthritis Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study 6: Opioid (Narcotic) Analgesics and Antagonists History Classification Mechanism of Action Pharmacokinetics Pharmacologic Effects Adverse Reactions Specific Opioids Dental Use of Opioids Chronic Dental Pain and Opioid Use Dental Hygiene Considerations Academic Skills Assessment Clinical Case Studies 7: Antiinfective Agents Evolution of a dental infection Definitions Infection Resistance Indications for antimicrobial agents General adverse reactions and disadvantages associated with antiinfective agents Penicillin varieties Cephalosporins Macrolides Tetracyclines Clindamycin Metronidazole Rational use of antiinfective agents in dentistry Antimicrobial agents for nondental use Antituberculosis agents Topical antibiotics Antibiotic prophylaxis used in dentistry Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study Bibliography 8: Antifungal and Antiviral Agents Antifungal Agents Antiviral Agents Dental Hygiene Considerations Academic Skills Assessment Clinical Case Study 9: Antianxiety Agents Definitions Benzodiazepines Mechanism of action Barbiturates Nonbenzodiazepine-nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotics Nonbenzodiazepine receptor hypnotics Melatonin receptor agonist Melatonin Orexin receptor antagonist Centrally acting muscle relaxants Miscellaneous agents General comments about antianxiety agents Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study 10: Local Anesthetics History Ideal local anesthetic Chemistry Mechanism of action Pharmacokinetics Pharmacologic effects Adverse reactions Composition of local anesthetic solutions Local anesthetic agents Vasoconstrictors Choice of local anesthetic Topical anesthetics Doses of local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study 11: General Anesthetics History Mechanism of action Adverse reactions General anesthetics Balanced general anesthesia Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study Part III: Drugs That May Alter Dental Treatment 12: Drugs for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases Dental implications of cardiovascular disease Hypertension Heart failure Angiotensin II receptor neprilysin inhibitor IF Channel inhibitor Cardiac glycosides Antianginal drugs Antiarrhythmic agents Antihyperlipidemic agents Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors Drugs that affect blood coagulation Thienopyridines Drugs that increase blood clotting Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study References 13: Drugs for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders Gastrointestinal drugs Drugs used to treat gastrointestinal diseases Celiac disease Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study 14: Drugs for the Treatment of Seizure Disorders Epilepsy Drug therapy of patients with epilepsy Dental treatment of the patient with epilepsy Nonseizure uses of antiepileptics Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study 15: Drugs for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders Psychiatric disorders Antipsychotic agents Antidepressant agents Drugs for treatment of bipolar disorder Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study 16: Adrenocorticosteroids Mechanism of release Classification Definitions Routes of administration Mechanism of action Pharmacologic effects Adverse reactions Uses Corticosteroid products Dental implications Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study Reference 17: Drugs for the Treatment of Respiratory Disorders and Allergic Rhinitis Respiratory diseases Drugs used to treat respiratory diseases Dental implications of the respiratory drugs Allergic rhinitis Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study Clinical case study 18: Drugs for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Pancreatic hormones Diabetes mellitus Drugs used to manage diabetes Treatment of hypoglycemia Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study Bibliography 19: Drugs for the Treatment of Other Endocrine Disorders Pituitary hormones Thyroid hormones Female sex hormones Male sex hormones Other agents that affect sex hormone systems Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study 20: Antineoplastic Drugs Use of antineoplastic agents Mechanisms of action Classification Adverse drug effects Combinations Dental implications Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study Part IV: Special Situations 21: Emergency Drugs General measures Categories of emergencies Emergency kit for the dental office Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study 22: Pregnancy and Breastfeeding General principles Pregnancy Breastfeeding Dental drugs Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study 23: Substance Use Disorders General considerations Central nervous system depressants Sedative-hypnotics Central nervous system stimulants Psychedelics (Hallucinogens) Identifying the substance user The impaired dental hygienist Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study 24: Natural/Herbal Products and Dietary Supplements Limited regulation Safety of herbal and nutritional products Drug interactions Standardization of herbal products Good manufacturing practice Herbal supplements used in oral health care Essential Oil Mouth Rinse Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study 25: Oral Conditions and Their Treatment Infectious lesions Immune reactions Miscellaneous oral conditions Inflammation Drug-induced oral side effects Agents commonly used to treat oral lesions Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study 26: Hygiene-Related Oral Disorders Dental caries Gingivitis Tooth hypersensitivity Dental hygiene considerations Academic skills assessment Clinical case study Reference Bibliography Appendix A: Medical Acronyms Appendix B: Medical Terminology Appendix C: What If ... What if ... the patient is pregnant? What if ... the patient is allergic to aspirin? What if ... the patient is allergic to penicillin? What if ... the patient is allergic to sulfites? What if ... the patient is allergic to codeine? What if ... the patient is allergic to latex? What if ... the cardiac patient needs antibiotics? (see chapter 7) What if ...the patient with primary total joint replacement needs antibiotics? (see chapter 7) What if ... the patient is taking warfarin (coumadin)? (see chapter 12) Appendix D: Oral Manifestations: Xerostomia and Taste Changes Appendix E: Children’s Dose Calculations Calculation of children’s dose Discussion Example Glossary Drug Index Subject Index