Applied ethics for entrepreneurial success : recommendations for the developing world : 2018 Griffiths School of Management Annual Conference (GSMAC) on Business, Entrepreneurship and Ethics

This proceedings volume examines the impact of ethics on business and entrepreneurship predominantly from the Romanian perspective. Featuring selected contributions from the 2018 Griffiths School of Management Annual Conference (GMSAC) on Business, Entrepreneurship and Ethics, this book investigates the impact of different social phenomena have upon the understanding and applicability of entrepreneurship and ethics, providing lessons for emerging economies. In emerging economies, entrepreneurship is often times associated with a negative image and entrepreneurs are seen in an unfavorable light. This is due in part to the fact that from a superficial perspective, entrepreneurial behavior does not always amalgamate well with ethical behavior. Entrepreneurship is often perceived as “success at all costs” with little regard to the interest of stakeholder and, sometimes, even the law. On the other hand, ethics are often viewed as metaphysical, having little to do with business, organizational and financial success. In actuality, ethical decisions are a significant part of an organization and ethical behaviors impact organizational culture. Beyond the moral aspects associated with business ethics, companies that practice ethical demeanor are more profitable because investors, employees and consumers seek out companies that engage in fair practices. Featuring contributions on topics such as medical ethics, business education, consumer behavior and governance, this book provides invaluable research and tools for students, professors, practitioners and policy makers in the field s of business, management, public administration and sociology. Preface 6 Contents 8 Chapter 1: Millennials Versus Gen Z: Online Shopping Behaviour in an Emerging Market 10 1.1 Introduction 10 1.2 Literature Review 11 1.2.1 Generational Theory: Millennials and Gen Z 11 1.2.2 Online Shopping 13 1.2.3 Consumer Generations and Online Shopping 14 1.3 Research Methodology 16 1.3.1 Sample’s Socio-Demographic Characteristics 17 1.4 Results and Discussions 18 1.4.1 Frequency of Online Versus In-Store (Offline) Purchases 18 1.4.2 Preferred Online Retailers 20 1.4.3 Frequency of Use of Technical Devices for Online Shopping 21 1.4.4 Tools Used for Online Shopping 22 1.5 Conclusions 23 References 24 Chapter 2: Exploring Nursing Team Conflict in Health Care Team Interactions 28 2.1 Introduction 28 2.2 The Field 29 2.3 Methods 30 2.4 Data Collection and Sampling 31 2.5 Data Analysis 32 2.6 Emergent Themes 32 2.7 Discussion 40 2.8 Limitations 41 2.9 Practical Application 42 2.10 Conclusion 42 References 43 Chapter 3: Indicators System for Quality Assurance in Higher Education Within the Economic Field 47 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Objective 49 3.3 Methodology 50 3.4 Results and Discussions 51 3.5 Conclusion 56 References 57 Chapter 4: Is the Employees’ Performance Appraisal Process Different in the Large Romanian Companies? An Empirical Research 58 4.1 Introduction 58 4.2 Literature Review 59 4.3 Methodology and Data 61 4.4 Empirical Results 62 4.4.1 Sample Profile 62 4.4.2 Main Characteristics of the Romanian Employee Performance Evaluation Process 63 4.4.3 Analysing the Main Differences in the Employee Performance Evaluation Process by the Company Size 70 4.5 Conclusions 74 References 75 Chapter 5: Ethical Behavior in Healthcare Organizations 77 5.1 Introduction 77 5.2 Literature Review 78 5.3 Material and Method 79 5.4 Results and Discussions 80 5.5 Conclusions 83 References 85 Chapter 6: Exploring the Identity of Family Businesses and Its Role in Stakeholder Relations in an Emerging Market 86 6.1 Introduction 86 6.2 Research Methodology 87 6.3 Data Collection 89 6.4 Data Analysis and Results 91 6.4.1 Sample Characteristics 91 6.4.2 Analyzing the Incidence of Family Identity Communication Through the Official Web Page 92 6.5 Conclusions, Contributions and Limitations of the Study 94 References 96 Chapter 7: FDI Motivations in CEE Countries. The Role of Governance Ethics 98 7.1 Introduction 98 7.2 Literature Review 99 7.2.1 General Taxonomy of FDI Motivations 99 7.2.2 Theoretical Insights Related to EMEs Features that Could Affect FDI Motivations 100 7.2.2.1 Motivations of FDI Outflows from Emerging Countries 101 7.2.2.2 Motivations of FDI Outflows from Developed Countries 102 7.2.3 What Is the Role of the Good Governance Determinants? 103 7.3 Data and Methodology 104 7.4 Results and Discussions 106 7.5 Conclusions 110 Appendix: Correlation Matrix 112 References 113 Chapter 8: Customer Focus in European Higher Education Systems 116 8.1 Introduction 116 8.2 Defining Customer Focus in Higher Education 117 8.3 Customer Focus Initiatives in European Higher Education Systems 121 8.3.1 The Restoration of the HE Systems and the Impact of the EU Accession 121 8.3.2 Recent Customer Focus and Market-Oriented Initiatives in the New EU Member States 123 8.3.2.1 Promoting Greater Student Input and Increased Accessibility of Faculty 123 8.3.2.2 Developing a Curriculum Geared Towards Student Needs 125 8.3.2.3 Regulatory Framework and University Autonomy 126 8.3.2.4 Evaluation of the Quality of Education and Funding Policy 127 8.4 Discussion and Conclusions 129 References 130 Chapter 9: Exploring Omnichannel Retailing Differences and Preferences Among Consumer Generations 133 9.1 Introduction 133 9.2 Research Method 134 9.3 Definitions and Characteristics of Omni-Channel Retail 135 9.3.1 Theoretical Approaches 135 9.3.2 Empirical and Practical Approaches 138 9.4 Consumer Generations and Retail 140 9.5 Omnichannel Retail Consumer Generations 143 9.6 Conclusions and Suggestions 145 References 148 Chapter 10: New Perspectives in Performance Management: Appraising Employees Based on Computer Usage Patterns 151 10.1 Introduction 151 10.2 The Need for Objective Employees’ Appraisal 152 10.3 Theoretical Background and the Stage of Knowledge in Employees’ Appraisal 153 10.4 Methodology and Constructs’ Operationalization 154 10.5 Computing the Culture of Productivity 158 10.6 Conclusion 159 10.7 Future Directions for Research Development 160 References 161 This book explores the increased necessity of organizations to encourage human talent in the globalized economy, with particular emphasis on the impact in Eastern Europe. Featuring contributions presented at the 7th Annual Griffiths School of Management International Conference on Business and Ethics (GSMAC) organized by Emanuel University of Oradea, this book presents in-depth analysis of the economic, social and religious implications of the transition from low cost of labor to increased human talent in Eastern Europe and offers multiple theoretical and practical solutions. In 2004, Klaus Schwab, president and founder of the World Economic Forum, stated that the old era of capitalism and socialism is being replaced by a new era of “talentalism”. The true competitive advantage of organizations and nations is increasingly becoming human talent, defined as the ability to “have new ideas that have value”. Nations and organizations are exploring ways to reform their education systems and organizational structures in order to train, foster and encourage human talent. In Eastern Europe since the fall of communism in 1989, the competitive advantage of the region has been low cost of labor. However, since the integration within the European Union, millions of Eastern Europeans have left their home countries rendering the “low-wage competitive advantage” almost obsolete. In addition, the migration of able-working individuals has left behind mainly children and pensioners, placing a disproportionately heavy burden upon public and government services. It is within this context that the contents of this book explore the impact of the increased need of high human talent on Eastern European countries. Featuring contributions around topics such as poverty, healthcare management, cross-border cooperation, education systems, and religious influence on economic development, this book will be of interest of scholars, researchers, students and policy-makers interested in the business development and economic growth of Eastern Europe. This book explores challenges and approaches to the development, financial management and growth of Eastern European organizations, both public and private. Including papers derived from the 2015 Griffiths School of Management Annual Conference on Business, Entrepreneurship and Ethics (GSMAC), organized by Emanuel University of Oradea, the authors provide a variety of strategies for growth and development in areas such as IT, medical management, marketing, entrepreneurship and family business. Collectively, these contributions provide a problem-solving framework that tackles such questions as: How are the growth and financial models of organizations changing? How should leadership in organizations adapt in order to ensure sustainable growth? How should educational concepts and methods be improved to help the next generation in the new global business environment? The rapid evolution of technology and innovation has changed the face of the business environment. With new actors in the global marketplace and new means of production, marketing and finance, businesses--particularly those in emerging regions, such as Eastern Europe--are faced with the pressure to rethink their structures and models from within. In this new economic climate, common issues such as corruption, risk, and customer satisfaction need to be examined from a globalized perspective. The goal of the 2015 GSMAC conference and the resulting papers is to help organizations and institutions in Eastern Europe and other developing regions formulate strategies and policies to thrive in this environment and promote sustainable management practices Front Matter ....Pages i-viii Millennials Versus Gen Z: Online Shopping Behaviour in an Emerging Market (Dan-Cristian Dabija, Lavinia Lung)....Pages 1-18 Exploring Nursing Team Conflict in Health Care Team Interactions (Randolph Wilt)....Pages 19-37 Indicators System for Quality Assurance in Higher Education Within the Economic Field (Diana Ivana, Mihaela Drăgan, Diana Pitic, Liviu Ilieş)....Pages 39-49 Is the Employees’ Performance Appraisal Process Different in the Large Romanian Companies? An Empirical Research (Viorel Lefter, Adriana Ana Maria Davidescu, Alexandra Beiu)....Pages 51-69 Ethical Behavior in Healthcare Organizations (Crina Simona Poruţiu, Ciprian Marcel Pop, Andra Ramona Poruţiu)....Pages 71-79 Exploring the Identity of Family Businesses and Its Role in Stakeholder Relations in an Emerging Market (Silvia Fotea, Ioan Gh. Pop, Ioan Fotea)....Pages 81-92 FDI Motivations in CEE Countries. The Role of Governance Ethics (Oana Cristina Popovici, Adrian Cantemir Călin)....Pages 93-110 Customer Focus in European Higher Education Systems (Diana Ivana, Sorin Dan, Oana Cristina Popovici)....Pages 111-127 Exploring Omnichannel Retailing Differences and Preferences Among Consumer Generations (Iulia Diana Popa, Dan-Cristian Dabija, David B. Grant)....Pages 129-146 New Perspectives in Performance Management: Appraising Employees Based on Computer Usage Patterns (Gelu Ionel Vac, Mihai Florin Talpos)....Pages 147-158