Applications of operational research in business and industries : proceedings of 54th Annual Conference of ORSI

Effective decision-making while trading off the constraints and conflicting multiple objectives under rapid technological developments, massive generation of data, and extreme volatility is of paramount importance to organizations to win over the time-based competition today. While agility is a crucial issue, the firms have been increasingly relying on evidence-based decision-making through intelligent decision support systems driven by computational intelligence and automation to achieve a competitive advantage. The decisions are no longer confined to a specific functional area. Instead, business organizations today find actionable insight for formulating future courses of action by integrating multiple objectives and perspectives. Therefore, multi-objective decision-making plays a critical role in businesses and industries. In this regard, the importance of Operations Research (OR) models and their applications enables the firms to derive optimum solutions subject to various constraints and/or objectives while considering multiple functional areas of the organizations together. Hence, researchers and practitioners have extensively applied OR models to solve various organizational issues related to manufacturing, service, supply chain and logistics management, human resource management, finance, and market analysis, among others. Further, OR models driven by AI have been enabled to provide intelligent decision-support frameworks for achieving sustainable development goals. The present issue provides a unique platform to showcase the contributions of the leading international experts on production systems and business from academia, industry, and government to discuss the issues in intelligent manufacturing, operations management, financial management, supply chain management, and Industry 4.0 in the Artificial Intelligence era. Some of the general (but not specific) scopes of this proceeding entail OR models such as Optimization and Control, Combinatorial Optimization, Queuing Theory, Resource Allocation Models, Linear and Nonlinear Programming Models, Multi-objective and multi-attribute Decision Models, Statistical Quality Control along with AI, Bayesian Data Analysis, Machine Learning and Econometrics and their applications vis-à-vis AI & Data-driven Production Management, Marketing and Retail Management, Financial Management, Human Resource Management, Operations Management, Smart Manufacturing & Industry 4.0, Supply Chain and Logistics Management, Digital Supply Network, Healthcare Administration, Inventory Management, consumer behavior, security analysis, and portfolio management and sustainability. The present issue shall be of interest to the faculty members, students, and scholars of various engineering and social science institutions and universities, along with the practitioners and policymakers of different industries and organizations. Preface Acknowledgments Contents About the Editors 1 Software Defect Prediction Through a Hybrid Approach Comprising of a Statistical Tool and a Machine Learning Model Introduction Literature Review Proposed Model Hellinger Distance Decision Tree Flowchart of the Proposed Model Insights of the Proposed Model Experimental Analysis Description of Datasets Performance Evaluation Metrics Analysis of Results Conclusion Code References 2 Investigate the Reason for Students’ Absenteeism in Engineering College in Fuzzy MCDM Environment Introduction Literature Review Proposed Methodology Proposed Flowchart Proposed Algorithm Analysis and Discussion Conclusion References 3 Solving a Real-World Non-convex Quadratic Assignment Problem Introduction Literature Review Problem Definition General Quadratic Assignment Model and Concrete Instance Concrete Instance Computational Results Results from the Gurobi Optimizer Managerial Insights Conclusions References 4 Production Inventory Model with Three Levels of Production and Demand for Deteriorating Item under Price, Stock and Advertisement Dependent Demand Introduction Motivation, Research Gap and Contribution Assumptions and Notations Assumptions Notations Mathematical Formulation of the Proposed Model Numerical Example Observations Observations Sensitivity Analysis Managerial Insights Conclusion References 5 Optimal Inventory Management Policies for Substitutable Products Considering Non-instantaneous Decay and Cost of Substitution Introduction Assumptions and Notations Assumptions Notations Model Description and Formulation Solution Procedure Numerical Example and Sensitivity Analysis References Conclusion 6 A Decision Support System for Supplier Selection in Public Procurement: A Case of Banaras Locomotive Works, Varanasi Introduction Literature Review Problem Description Optimization Program for Multi-supplier Selection Through Open Tender Estimating Relative Vendor Ranking Identification of the Criteria for Vendor Evaluation Calculation of Weightage of Criteria Calculation of Relative Ranking and Absolute Values for Vendor Performance on Offer The Case Study Case Description and Numeric Problem Calculation of Rank Through TOPSIS Result Discussion and Analysis Conclusions References 7 Single-Producer and Single-Retailer Integrated Inventory Model for Deteriorating Items Considering Three-Stage Deterioration Introduction Motivation and Research Contribution Assumptions and Notations Assumptions Notations Model Formulation Retailer’s Perspective Producer’s Perspective Solution Method Numerical Example and Sensitivity Analysis Conclusion References 8 Productivity Analysis of Structural Steel Fabrication in Construction Using Simulation Introduction Literature Review Problem Description Simulation Model Development Results and Discussions Conclusion References 9 Conservation of a Prey Species Through Optimal Taxation: A Model with Beddington–DeAngelis Functional Response Introduction Problem Formulation Basic Property The Existence of Equilibrium Points and Their Stability Local Stability Analysis Global Stability Analysis Hopf Bifurcation at E2 ( x* ,y* ) Optimal Taxation Numerical Results Conclusion References 10 Optimization of an Inventory Model with Demand Dependent on Selling Price and Stock, Nonlinear Holding Cost Along with Trade Credit Policy Introduction Assumptions and Notations Assumptions Notations Mathematical Model Case-1: Trade Credit Period Is Less Than or Equal to the Cycle Length (M leT) Case-2: Trade Credit Period Is Greater Than or Equal to the Cycle Length (M geT) Theoretical Results and Optimization Procedure M ≤ T M ≥ T Numerical Example Sensitivity Analysis Managerial Insights Conclusion Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 References 11 Buying Guide for Best Car in India: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis Introduction Determining Inputs and Output for a Car Quantitative Factors Qualitative Factors Methodology: Selection of DEA Model Input–Output Combination and Data Results of DEA Discussion Conclusion References 12 Supplier Selection and Order Allocation in Highway Construction Projects Using a Hybrid MCDM Approach Introduction Literature Review Overview of ANP and PROMETHEE Proposed Methodology Case Example Results and Discussions Conclusion References 13 Bibliometric Analysis of Supply Chain Contracts Under Disruption Risk Introduction Methods and Material Search Criteria Analytical Procedure Results and Analysis Descriptive Analysis of the Corpus Analysis of Trend of Publication Year-Wise Analysis of Top Authors Citation Analysis by Document Analysis of Top Countries Co-citation Analysis by Document Co-occurrence Analysis Conclusion References 14 Pricing Decisions in a Heterogeneous Dual-Channel Supply Chain Under Lead Time-Sensitive Customer Demand Introduction Literature Review Research Method and Propositions Propositions Numerical Analysis Discussions and Results Conclusion References 15 Bayesian Estimation of the Parameters in a Bulk Service Queuing Model with Poisson Arrival and Exponential Service Time Distribution Introduction Description of the Queuing Model Data Collection and the Likelihood Function Bayesian Estimation of the System Parameters Case 1 Case 2 Discussion References 16 Performance Analysis of an M/M/2 Queue with Partially Active Server Subject to Catastrophe Introduction Model Description and Analysis Steady-State Distribution Steady-State Performance Measures Mean Number of Customers in Sleep Mode Mean Number of Customers in Partially Active State Mean Number of Customers in Fully Active State Mean Number of Customers in the System Numerical Illustration Conclusion References 17 Is Bio-Supply Chain a Feasibility in India? An Uncertainty-Based Study Introduction Materials and Methods Problem Statement and Formulation Model Equations Robust Optimization Implementation Computation Analysis Results and Discussion Product Demand, Feed and Import Cost Stochasticity with Respect to Deterministic Case Site Location and Connectivity Cost Analysis Effect of Variability in Data Points Feed Effecting Profit NPV Conclusion and Future Work References 18 A Circular Economy Approach Toward Managing E-waste in Indian Smart City Introduction Materials and Methods Problem Statement and Formulation Model Equations Results and Discussion Site Selection and Connections Techno-economic Cost Analysis Environment GHGe Analysis Primary and Secondary Market with Recycle Ration M Conclusion References 19 Strategic Analysis of a Dual Channel Green Supply Chain with Return-Refund Facility Introduction Problem Statement and Mathematical Model Formulation Model Analysis Centralized Scenario Decentralized Scenario Numerical Illustration Sensitivity Analysis and Managerial Implications Conclusion References 20 Vector Variational-Like Inequalities on the Space of Real Square Matrices Introduction Matrix-Vector Variational-Like Inequality Problem Matrix-Vector Optimization Problem Solutions of MVVLIP and MVOP Conclusion References 21 Circularity Tactic Comport Sustainable Development—Review Introduction Background of Literature Method History of Sustainable Development Goals in India Background of CE and Digitization Existing Literature Review Adopted Research Methodology Article Selection Article Classification Article Analysis Summary and Discussion Conclusion Practical Implications Study Limitation and Future Gap References 22 Symmetric Duality for a Multiobjective Fractional Programming with Cone Objectives as Well as Constraints Introduction Notations and Definitions Non-differentiable Multiobjective Symmetric Duality Model over Cone Conclusions References 23 Primary Health Care Facility Location and Telemedicine Introduction Optimization Model Teleconsultation-Based Maximal Coverage Model Numerical Experiment Case Study Conclusion References 24 Modified Round Robin CPU Scheduling: A Fuzzy Logic-Based Approach Introduction Basic Concepts Related to Proposed Work CPU Scheduling Scheduling Criteria Scheduling Algorithms Multiple-processor Scheduling Fuzzy Logic Fuzzy Set Fuzzy Inference Systems (FISs) Proposed Algorithm Block Diagram for Proposed Technique FIS for Finding Time Quantum Fuzzy Membership Function for Number of Process/Jobs (N) Membership Function for the ABT Membership Function for Time Quantum Rule Base of FIS to Find the TQ Results and Comparison Practice Importance and Limitations Conclusion and Future Work References 25 Modeling of Fourier–Motzkin Elimination Technique for Separable Programming Problem Introduction Fourier–Motzkin Elimination Technique The Problem Numerical Example Conclusion References 26 Optimizing EOQ Model for Carbon Emission Under Inflation for Expiring Items Introduction Notations and Assumptions Notations Assumptions Model Formulation Numerical Examples Sensitivity Analysis Observations Managerial Insight Conclusion References 27 New Class of Multiobjective Fractional Symmetric Programming with Cone Functions Under Generalized Assumptions Introduction Notations and Definitions Nondifferentiable Multiobjective Symmetric Duality Model over Cones Conclusion References 28 The Drivers and Challenges for Customer Satisfaction in E-commerce Industry for Urban and Rural India: A Key Stakeholders’ Perspectives Introduction Literature Review Problem Statement Research Objectives Identification of Parameters for Customer Satisfaction Research Methodology Introduction to ISM Data Collection Results and Analysis ISM Model and Fuzzy MICMAC Analysis for Urban India: Customer Preferences Urban India: Professional Preferences Analysis of Data Collected from Rural India Managerial Discussions and Recommendations Key Differences Between Customer and Professionals Key Recommendations Conclusions References 29 Investigation of Reliability Measures of Complex Structure via Linear Differential Equation Introduction State Specification Assumption Notation Reliability Measures Mean Time to System Failure (MTSF) Steady-State Availability Analysis A(∞) Numerical Evaluation of System Behavior Result and Discussion Conclusion References 30 Equitable Allocation of COVID Vaccines to States in India: An Optimization Approach Introduction Literature Review Analysis and Mathematical Model Weighted Rank Vulnerability Index (WRVI) Population-Adjusted Weighted Rank Vulnerability Index (PAWRVI) Nonlinear Programming Model to Minimize Inequality Results and Discussion Conclusion and Future Scope References 31 Consumers’ Attitudes Toward Retail Markets: A Multi-criteria-Based Group Decision-Making Approach Introduction Related Work Research Methodology Thurstone Scaling (TS) FUCOM Findings and Discussion Research Implications Conclusion and Future Scope References 32 Effect of COVID-19 on Stock Price: A Time Series-Based Analysis of FMCG and Consumer Durables Sector in India Introduction Data and Methodology Selection of Sample and Description of Data ARIMA Findings and Discussion Conclusion and Future Scope References