Applications of Heuristics and Biases to Social Issues (Social Psychological Applications To Social Issues, 3)

"This volume presents the latest research on applying heuristics and biases to the areas of health, law, education, and organizations. Authors adopt a cross-disciplinary approach to study various theories"--Font no determinada Front Matter....Pages i-xix Heuristics and Biases in Applied Settings....Pages 1-12 Heuristics and Biases in Health Decision Making....Pages 13-30 AIDS, Sterile Needles, and Ethnocentrism....Pages 31-44 Heuristics and Biases in Medical Judgment and Decision Making....Pages 45-72 Cognitive Heuristics and Biases in Personality Assessment....Pages 73-90 Understanding Judges’ Sentencing Decisions....Pages 91-115 Negligence Law and Mental Mutation....Pages 117-136 Lay Evaluations of Encounters with Government Officials....Pages 137-161 Biases and Rationality in the Mediation Process....Pages 163-183 Heuristic Processing in Organizational Judgments....Pages 185-204 Policy Schemas for Affirmative Action....Pages 205-221 Affirmative Action Programs: Discontinuities between Thoughts about Individuals and Thoughts about Groups ....Pages 223-239 The Effects of Stereotypes on Children’s Use of Decision Heuristics....Pages 241-257 Heuristics, Biases, and Environmental Health Risk Analysis....Pages 259-285 Cognitive Heuristics in Students’ College Decisions....Pages 287-301 Teacher Expectations and Student Achievement....Pages 303-334 Back Matter....Pages 335-343 Applications of Heuristics and Biases to Social Issues thoroughly examines these social psychological constructs and explores their importance in the areas of health, law, education, and organizations. Adopting a cross-disciplinary approach to the study of various theories, contributions apply heuristics and biases to such key issues as genetic testing, the controversy over supplying clean needles to drug users to prevent the spread of AIDS, medical decisions by both doctors and patients, therapists' perceptions of diagnostic accuracy, judges' sentencing decisions, perceptions of tax audits, workers' perceptions of jobs and leadership, and the views of the public and policymakers on affirmative action. Other chapters describe the development of heuristic reasoning among elementary school children, examine the effect of heuristics on decisions about environmental issues across childhood, and outline a heuristic framework for college-choice decisions Validating the existence of heuristic influence on decision making and in real-world applications would create a powerful tool for understanding, predicting, and perhaps even correcting decisions made under situations of uncertainty This book will be valuable for practitioners in the social problems field, basic and applied social scientists, and for students in such courses as applied psychology and social cognition