Applications and Non-Metals : Advances in Research on The Strength and Fracture of Materials

Advances in Research on the Strength and Fracture of Materials: Volume 3Bs—Applications and Non-Metals contains the proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Fracture, held at the University of Waterloo, Canada, in June 1977. The papers review the state of the art with respect to testing of fracture in a wide range of non-metals such as ceramics, glass, composites, polymers, biomaterials, and concrete. This volume is divided into five sections and opens by discussing the role of acoustic emission in fracture toughness testing and the relation between static and dynamic fracture toughness of structural steels. The reader is then introduced to methods for determining stress-intensity factors of simplified geometries of structural parts; stress analysis of pressure vessels by thermal shock; the fracture toughness of constructional steels in cyclic loading; and fracture processes and fracture toughness in powder forged steels. The remaining chapters explore the influence of low-cycle damage on fracture toughness; fracture of structural alloys at temperatures approaching absolute zero; fracture mechanisms in Si-Al-O-N ceramics; propagation and bifurcation of cracks in quartz; and the effect of pressure and environment on the fracture and yield of polymers. This monograph will be a useful resource for metallurgists, materials scientists, and structural and mechanical engineers. Content: TITLES IN THIS SERIES , Page ii Dedication , Page iii Front Matter , Page v Copyright , Page vi Foreword , Page xv , B.L. Averbach Foreword , Page xvi , Roy W. Nichols Preface , Pages xvii-xx Acknowledgements , Page xxi International Congress on Fracture , Pages xxii-xxv Fourth International Conference on Fracture , Pages xxvi-xxvii Standard Nomenclature List , Pages xxviii-xxxi Conversion Units , Page xxxii THE ROLE OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION IN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS TESTING , Pages 525-530 , M.A. Hamstad, A.K. Mukherjee THE RELATION BETWEEN STATIC AND DYNAMIC FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF STRUCTURAL STEELS , Pages 531-539 , B. Vlach, J. Man, M. Holzmann, Z. Bílek EXPERIMENTAL CORRELATIONS BETWEEN DYNAMICAL TOUGHNESS CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESTRAINED PRESSURE VESSEL STEELS , Pages 541-547 , V. Safta, A. Bernath, T. Moisă ON THE DYNAMIC FRACTURE TOUGHNESS DETERMINATION BY INSTRUMENTED IMPACT TESTS , Pages 549-553 , R. Arone THE ROLE OF NDT IN THE FRACTURE MECHANICS EVALUATION , Pages 555-563 , L.K.L. Tu, B.B. Seth CHARTING THE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS CHARACTERISTICS OF CASTINGS USING THE DOUBLE TORSION METHOD , Pages 565-572 , C.W. Ten Haagen, J.T. Berry DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF PLASTIC ZONES IN SIDE GROOVED FRACTURE TOUGHNESS SPECIMENS , Pages 573-581 , S. Nunomura, Y. Higo, K. Seto A FRACTOGRAPHIC STUDY ON EVALUATION OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS , Pages 583-592 , H. Kobayashi, K. Hirano, H. Nakamura, H. Nakazawa THE INFLUENCE OF SPECIMEN CONFIGURATION ON YIELD ZONE FORMATION AND FRACTURE RESISTANCE , Pages 593-600 , N.J. Adams, H.G. Munro, B.K. Neale METHODS OF EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF STRESS-INTENSITY FACTORS OF SIMPLIFIED GEOMETRIES OF STRUCTURAL PARTS , Pages 601-608 , W. Seidl DEVELOPMENT OF A C-SHAPED FATIGUE SPECIMEN , Pages 609-615 , B. Mukherjee THE EFFECT OF STRIKING VELOCITY ON PERFORATION ENERGY FOR MILD STEEL PLATES , Pages 617-620 , S. Maj, C.J. Osborn DETERMINATION OF CRITICAL STRESS-INTENSITY FACTORS UNDER MIXED MODE LOADING CONDITIONS BY SHADOW-OPTICS , Pages 621-626 , U. Seidelmann, U. Soltész, H. Kordisch FRACTURE MECHANICS OF TIDAL FLEXURE CRACKS IN FLOATING ICE SHELVES , Pages 627-631 , R.A. Smith PRESSURE VESSEL STRENGTH ANALYSIS BY THERMAL SHOCK , Pages 633-637 , Y.F. Balandin, I.V. Gorynin, G.P. Karzov STRENGTH OF WELDED THICK WALLED NON-HEAT TREATED STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS , Pages 639-645 , I.R. Krjanin, G.S. Vasilchenko, P.F. Koshelev, S.E. Sinadsky A CRACK NEAR DOUBLY RIVETED STIFFENERS , Pages 647-656 , Wang Ke-Jen, D.J. Cartwright TEST AND ANALYSIS OF CRACKED LUG , Pages 657-664 , A.F. Liu, H.P. Kan FRACTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF SHEAR FRACTURE OF A FORGED STEEL AXLE SPINDLE , Pages 665-673 , D.K. Felbeck FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION BEHAVIOUR OF SEVERAL CAST STEELS FOR STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF HYDRO-TURBINES , Pages 675-682 , K. Takai, K. Matsumoto, M. Yamashita, M. Morita INVESTIGATION OF THE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEELS IN CYCLIC LOADING , Pages 683-686 , V.T. Troshchenko, V.V. Pokrovsky, A.V. Prokopenko FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF TURBINE ROTOR SHAFT AND VALIDITY CRITERION FOR K IC , Pages 687-697 , K. Ikeda, M. Aoki, H. Kikuchi, U. Schieferstein, C. Berger PREDICTION OF FAIL-SAFE STRENGTH OF REALISTIC STIFFENED SKIN AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES , Pages 699-704 , H. Vlieger INITIATION COD AS A FRACTURE CRITERION FOR ZR-2.5% Nb PRESSURE TUBE ALLOY , Pages 705-711 , L.A. Simpson A STUDY OF CONDITIONS LEADING TO FRAGMENTATION ON FAILURE OF ZIRCONIUM ALLOY PRESSURE TUBES , Pages 713-721 , B.W. Pickles, E.R. Johnson, H. Cocks CRACK NUCLEATION IN 316 STAINLESS STEEL FUEL CLADDING , Pages 723-731 , D. Lee, R.A. Rand, G.G. Trantina FRACTURE MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ABRASIVE FRICTION, WEAR, AND CHIP FORMATION OF A γ-Fe-Ni-Al STEEL , Pages 733-739 , K-H. Zum Gahr FRACTURE STRENGTH OF A NOTCHED BEAM WHEN A SMALL FATIGUE CRACK EMANATES FROM THE NOTCH ROOT , Pages 741-749 , A. Mubeen, S.N. Bandyopadhyay ON THE DETERMINATION OF THE CRACK ARREST- TOUGHNESS , Pages 751-756 , J.F. Kalthoff, J. Beinert, S. Winkler, J. Blauel INITIATION OF CRACKS AT DELAYED FRACTURE OF A HIGH STRENGTH STEEL , Pages 757-764 , M. Nagumo BRITTLE FRACTURE DESIGN OF STRUCTURES , Pages 765-772 , Yu.N. Rabotnov, G.S. Vasilchenko, P.F. Koshelev, G.N. Merinov FRACTURE PROCESSES AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS IN POWDER FORGED STEELS , Pages 773-780 , R.M. Pilliar, W.J. Bratina, R.A. Blackwell INCREASING THE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF 18 NI-MARAGING STEEL WELD METAL , Pages 781-789 , K. Seifert, H. -D. Steffens FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF THERMALLY FATIGUED MATERIAL , Pages 791-799 , N.G. Ohlson ON THE INFLUENCE OF LOW-CYCLE DAMAGE ON FRACTURE TOUGHNESS , Pages 801-807 , K. Kálna TOUGHNESS - POROSITY PHENOMENA , Pages 809-818 , R.E. Cooper FRACTURE BEHAVIOUR OF NODULAR GRAPHITE IRON AT LOW TEMPERATURES , Pages 819-827 , J. Pirs, A.H. Shabaik LOW-TEMPERATURE FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION , Pages 829-837 , W.W. Gerberich, N. Moody FRACTURE OF STRUCTURAL ALLOYS AT TEMPERATURES APPROACHING ABSOLUTE ZERO , Pages 839-845 , R.L. Tobler FRACTURE AND TOUGHNESS OF BCC IRON ALLOYS AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE , Pages 847-852 , K. Ishikawa, K. Tsuya A CRITERION FOR STRENGTH OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS IN COMPLEX STRESS STATE AT LOW TEMPERATURES , Pages 853-856 , G.S. Pisarenko, A.A. Lebedyev FATIGUE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION IN 5.5% Ni STEEL AT LOW TEMPERATURE , Pages 857-864 , T. Kawasaki, T. Yokobori, Y. Sawaki, S. Nakanishi, H. Izumi FRACTURE MECHANISMS IN Si-Al-O-N CERAMICS , Pages 867-874 , M.H. Lewis, G. Smith THE MEASUREMENT OF K IC AND SUBCRITICAL CRACK PROPAGATION RATES IN HOT PRESSED SiC AND Si 3 N 4 , Pages 875-882 , J.L. Henshall, D.J. Rowcliffe, J.W. Edington THE EVALUATION OF CRACK RESISTANCE AND CRACK VELOCITY FROM CONTROLLED FRACTURE EXPERIMENTS OF CERAMIC BEND SPECIMENS , Pages 883-891 , F.W. Kleinlein, H. Hübner DEPENDENCE OF LIFETIME PREDICTIONS ON THE FORM OF THE CRACK PROPAGATION EQUATION , Pages 893-901 , S.M. Wiederhorn ENGINEERING DESIGN AND FATIGUE FAILURE OF FUSED SILICA FIBRES , Pages 903-908 , J.E. Ritter Jr. GRAIN SIZE AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF ALUMINA , Pages 909-912 , P.L. Pratt FAILURE PREDICTION OF FINITE FLAWED CERAMIC PLATES UNDER COMBINED STRESSES , Pages 913-919 , E.M. Lenoe, D. Neal BRITTLE FRACTURE AND SUBCRITICAL CRACK GROWTH IN A CERAMIC STRUCTURE , Pages 921-927 , G.G. Trantina ABOUT THE PROCESS ZONE SURROUNDING THE CRACK TIP IN CERAMICS , Pages 929-932 , F.E. Buresch FRACTURE MIRROR FORMATION IN SINGLE CRYSTAL ALUMINA , Pages 933-939 , A.I.A. Abdel-Latif, R.E. Tressler, R.C. Bradt CRACK SHAPE STUDY IN A BRITTLE, NON-BONDED, PARTICULATE COMPOSITE , Pages 941-948 , D.J. Green, P.S. Nicholson, J.D. Embury BRITTLE FRACTURE UNDER BIAXIAL NORMAL STRESS , Pages 949-957 , M.C. Shaw, R. Komanduri BRANCHING OF HERTZ CRACKS , Pages 959-964 , H.P. Kirchner, R.M. Gruver MEASUREMENT OF FAST CRACK PROPAGATION IN GLASS UNDER DYNAMIC LOADING , Pages 965-969 , W. Döll, M.G. Schinker, G.W. Weidmann THE PROPAGATION AND BIFURCATION OF CRACKS IN QUARTZ , Pages 971-978 , A. Ball, B.W. Payne ORIGINS OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION IN THE FRACTURE OF GLASS PLATES , Pages 979-984 , J.S. Nadeau SPONTANEOUS FRACTURE OF TEMPERED GLASS , Pages 985-992 , C.C. Hsiao STRESS CORROSION CHARACTERISTICS OF TOUGHENED GLASSES AND CERAMICS , Pages 993-999 , J.T. Hagan, M.V. Swain, J.E. Field EFFECT OF NOTCH ROOT RADIUS ON THE FRACTURE BEHAVIOUR OF MONOCRYSTALLINE SILICON , Pages 1001-1005 , R.J. Myers, B.M. Hillberry ON HYDROGEN INDUCED FRACTURE OF PORCELAIN ENAMEL LAYERS , Pages 1007-1014 , Y. Ishikawa, M. Zen, O. Nishida FRACTURE OF PARTICULATE COMPOSITES BASED ON POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE , Pages 1015-1023 , P.W.R. Beaumont, V. Jolliffe, D. Gore BOND FRACTURE STRENGTH IN CERAMIC-TO-METAL JOINTS , Pages 1025-1029 , R. Pabst, G. Elssner FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF ADHESIVELY-BONDED 7075-T6 ALUMINUM ALLOY LAMINATES , Pages 1031-1037 , J.A. Alic EFFECT OF INTERFACE ROUGHNESS ON CRACKING OF ANODIC OXIDE FILM ON ALUMINUM , Pages 1039-1045 , K.K. Chawla, M. Metzger THERMAL FRACTURE IN COMPOUND MATERIALS , Pages 1047-1054 , K. Herrmann, A. Fleck STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN A CRACKED BIMATERIAL PLATE , Pages 1055-1058 , T.S. Cook, D.M. Tracey STRENGTH CRITERIA FOR FIBRE-REINFORCED PLASTICS , Pages 1059-1065 , Yu.N. Rabotnov, A.N. Polilov THE EFFECT OF THE INTERFACE ON THE FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF INVESTMENT CAST GRAPHITE FIBER REINFORCED Sn-Pb ALLOY , Pages 1067-1071 , A. Miyase, K. Piekarski AN ANALYTICAL R-CURVE EXPRESSION OF A BRITTLE MATRIX COMPOSITE CONTAINING DISCONTINUOUS FIBRES , Pages 1073-1078 , J.C. Lenain THE EFFECT OF PRESSURE AND ENVIRONMENT ON THE FRACTURE AND YIELD OF POLYMERS , Pages 1079-1086 , S. Kapur, K. Matsushige, A. Galeski, E. Baer STRESSES AROUND A POLYMER CRAZE , Pages 1087-1093 , C.H. Liu, C.C. Hsiao INFLUENCE OF THE CONFIGURATION OF CRAZES ON THE FRACTURE OF PMMA , Pages 1095-1098 , J. Opfermann, G. Menges THE EFFECT OF SURFACE FINISH ON THE STRENGTH AND CRAZE RESISTANCE OF POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE IN SOME FLUIDS , Pages 1099-1103 , D. McCammond, M. Noga CYCLIC DEFORMATION AND CRAZE GROWTH IN POLYCARBONATE , Pages 1105-1111 , P. Beardmore, S. Rabinowitz FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF PMMA UNDER BIAXIAL STRESS , Pages 1113-1118 , J.C. Radon, P.S. Leevers, L.E. Culver MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CRACK GROWTH IN CRYSTALLINE POLYPROPYLENE , Pages 1119-1126 , K. Friedrich THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE FREQUENCY SENSITIVITY OF FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION IN POLYMERS , Pages 1127-1133 , M.D. Skibo, R.W. Hertzberg, J.A. Manson ANISOTROPIC FRACTURE OF A HOT-STRETCHED ACRYLIC THERMOPLASTIC , Pages 1135-1143 , Keith Williams FRACTURE CRITERION FOR SOLID PROPELLANTS , Pages 1145-1151 , B. Schaeffer RESEARCH CRITERIA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOCOMPATIBLE IMPLANTS FOR PREVENTION OF FRACTURE , Pages 1153-1159 , A. Engelhardt, H. Grell, H. Scharbach, D. Kooke FAILURES OF ORTHOPEDIC FIXATION DEVICES , Pages 1161-1166 , D.O. Cox, J. Pirs, C.N.J. Wagner MECHANICAL FAILURE ON THE MICROSTRUCTURAL LEVEL IN HAVERSIAN BONE , Pages 1167-1172 , P. Frasca, R.A. Harper, J.L. Katz AN EMPIRICAL STRENGTH THEORY FOR COMPACT BONE , Pages 1173-1179 , W.C. Hayes, T.M. Wright TENSILE FRACTURE BEHAVIOUR OF VASCULAR SUBSTITUTES , Pages 1181-1191 , A.T. Yokobori Jr, H. Ouchi, T. Yokobori, H. Sasaki STRENGTH OF BRITTLE MATERIALS IN NONUNIFORM TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION , Pages 1193-1195 , I.B. Sokolov, V.A. Logunova CRACK PROPAGATION IN A TWO-PHASE MATERIAL SUCH AS CONCRETE , Pages 1197-1203 , J.W. Zaitsev, F.H. Wittmann EXISTENCE OF A CRITICAL STRAIN ENERGY RELEASE RATE FOR CONCRETE , Pages 1205-1209 , J. Mazars THE APPLICATION OF FRACTURE MECHANICS TO THE INVESTIGATION OF CRACKING IN MASSIVE CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS OF DAMS , Pages 1211-1217 , A.A. Khrapkov, L.P. Trapesnikov, G.S. Geinats, V.I. Pashchenko, A.P. Pak CREEP FRACTURE OF CONCRETE IN PRESTRESSED CONCRETE MEMBERS DURING MANUFACTURE , Pages 1219-1222 , Yu.V. Zaitsev, E.N. Ščerbakov Author Index , Pages 1225-1232 SUBJECT INDEX , Pages 1233-1251 CITATION INDEX , Pages 1253-1289