Application Of Nanotechnology In Membranes For Water Treatment (sustainable Water Developments - Resources, Management, Treatment, Efficiency And Reuse)

1. Polymerizable microemulsion membranes: from basics to applications; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 A brief history of microemulsions to-date; 1.3 Structures of polymerizable microemulsions; 1.3.1 Oil-in-water (o/w) polymerizable microemulsions; 1.3.2 Water-in-oil (w/o) polymerizable microemulsions; 1.3.3 Polymerizable bicontinuous microemulsions (PBMs); 1.4 Microemulsion preparation and its ternary phase diagram1.5 Microemulsion polymerization; 1.6 Surfactants; 1.7 Case studies; 1.7.1 PBM in gas separation; 1.7.2 PBM in wastewater treatment; 1.7.3 PBM in DMFC; 1.8 Conclusions; 2. The use of layer-by-layer technique in the fabrication of thin film composite membranes for water treatment; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The influences of preparation conditions on the structure and morphology of the LbL modified membranes; 2.3 The stability of LbL deposited layers; 2.4 The LbL coated membranes and their applications; 2.4.1 Nanofiltration; 2.4.2 Reverse osmosis2.4.3 Forward osmosis; 2.4.4 Pervaporation; 2.5 The use of LbL technique to mitigate bacterial fouling; 2.6 Challenges and future perspectives; 3. Fabrication and application areas of mixed matrix flat-sheet membranes; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Fabrication of mixed matrix flat-sheet membranes; 3.2.1 Self-assembled mixed matrix membranes (MMMs); 3.2.2 Surface modified mixed matrix membranes (MMMs); 3.2.3 Thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes; 3.2.4 Blending method; 3.3 Nanomaterial types for fabrication of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs); 3.3.1 Polymeric mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)3.3.2 Polymeric mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with silica nanoparticles (SiNPs); 3.3.3 Polymeric mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with carbon nanotubes (CNT); 3.3.4 Polymeric mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with alumina nanoparticles (Al2 O3 NP); 3.3.5 Polymeric mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with TiO2 nanoparticles; 3.4 Application of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs); 3.4.1 Antimicrobial activity; 3.4.2 Desalination; 3.4.3 Fuel cell; 3.5 Conclusion and outlook; 4. Stimulus-responsive nano-structured bio-hybrid membranes reactors in water purification4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 Bio-hybrid membrane processes in industrial biocatalysis; 4.1.2 MBR configurations; 4.1.3 Challenges of enzyme immobilization direct onto membrane; 4.1.4 Alternative enzyme immobilization technique; 4.2 Progress towards stimulus-responsive enzyme immobilization techniques; 4.2.1 Temperature, pH or ionic strength signal-responsive enzyme immobilization; 4.2.2 Leading role of nanosized magnetic responsive carriers for the enzyme immobilization "The book focuses on Application of Nanotechnology in Membranes for Water Treatment but not only provides a series of innovative solutions for water reclamation through advanced membrane technology but also serves as a medium to promote international cooperation and networking for the development of advanced membrane technology for Universal well-being and to achieve the common goal of supplying economically, environmentally and societally sustainable freshwater and better sanitation systems. This book is unique because the chapters were authored by established researchers all around the globe based on their recent research findings. In addition, this book provides a holistic coverage of membrane development for water treatment, from the membrane preparation and characterizations to the performance for specific processes and applications. Since that water scarcity has become a global risk and one of the most serious challenges for the scientific community in this century, the publication of this book is therefore significant as it will serve as a medium for a good reference of an alternative solution in water reclamation. This book will provide the readers with a thorough understanding of the different available approaches for manufacturing membranes both with innovative polymeric systems and inorganic nano-materials which could give enhanced functionalities, catalytic and antimicrobial activities to improve the performance of the existing membranes. It will be useful for leading decision and policy makers, water sector representatives and administrators, policy makers from the governments, business leaders, business houses in water treatment, and engineers/ scientists from both industrialized and developing countries as well."--Provided by publisher