Antitrust and Global Capitalism, 1930–2004 (Cambridge Historical Studies in American Law and Society)

the International Spread Of Antitrust Suggested The Historical Process Shaping Global Capitalism. By The 1930s, Americans Feared That Big Business Exceeded The Government's Capacity To Impose Accountability, Engendering The Most Aggressive Antitrust Campaign In History. Meanwhile, Big Business Had Emerged To Varying Degrees In Liberal Britain, Australia, And France; Nazi Germany; And Militarist Japan. These Same Nations Nonetheless Expressly Rejected American-style Antitrust As Unsuited To Their Cultures And Institutions. After World War Ii, However, Governments In These Nations - As Well As The European Community - Adopted Workable Antitrust Regimes. By The Millennium, Antitrust Was Instrumental To The Clash Between State Sovereignty And Globalization. What Ideological And Institutional Factors Explain The Global Change From Opposing To Supporting Antitrust? Addressing This Question, This Book Throws New Light On The Struggle Over Liberal Capitalism During The Great Depression And World War Ii, The Postwar Allied Occupations Of Japan And Germany, The Reaction Against American Big-business Hegemony During The Cold War, And The Clash Over Globalization And The Wto. Half-title......Page 3 Series-title......Page 5 Title......Page 7 Copyright......Page 8 Dedication......Page 9 Contents......Page 11 Acknowledgments......Page 13 Introduction......Page 17 1 Reconstituting American Antitrust, 1937–1945......Page 24 I. ROBERT JACKSON AND THE ANTIMONOPOLY STUDY COMMITTEE......Page 25 II. THE NEW ANTIMONOPOLY MESSAGE, APRIL 1938......Page 33 III. THURMAN ARNOLD AND THE NEW ANTITRUST ACTIVISM......Page 40 IV. ARNOLD, INTERNATIONAL CARTELS, AND MOBILIZING AMERICA’S DEFENSES......Page 48 V. ANTITRUST AT WAR: INTERNATIONAL CARTELS AND THE ORIGINS OF THE ITO, 1941–1945......Page 56 VI. CONCLUSION......Page 73 2 Protectionism Over Competition: Europe, Australia, and Japan 1930–1945......Page 76 I. EUROPEAN COUNTERPOINT: GERMANY AND GREAT BRITAIN......Page 77 II. BRITAIN AND AUSTRALIA: A GLOBAL CONTEXT FOR PROMOTING PROTECTION OVER COMPETITION......Page 88 III. JAPANESE COUNTERPOINT AND CULTURAL DISTINCTIVENESS, 1930–1945......Page 94 IV. JAPANESE BUREAUCRACY AND CULTURE: AUTHORITY WITHOUT POWER TO 1945......Page 106 V. CONCLUSION......Page 116 3 American Antitrust Since 1945......Page 118 I. THE LIBERAL STATE AND CORPORATE DIVERSIFICATION, 1945–1969......Page 119 II. ANTITRUST ACTIVISM AND CORPORATE INVESTMENT, 1945–1969......Page 135 III. THE VICISSITUDES OF MARKET FUNDAMENTALISM SINCE THE 1970S......Page 150 IV. THE GLOBALIZATION OF ANTITRUST SINCE THE 1970s......Page 161 V. CONCLUSION......Page 174 4 Japanese Antitrust Since 1945......Page 176 I. THE JAPANESE INFLUENCE ON ENACTING THE ANTIMONOPOLY LAW OF 1947......Page 178 II. JAPANESE POLITICAL DEMOCRACY AND THE VICISSITUDES OF ANTIMONOPOLY POLICY AFTER 1952......Page 199 III. CHANGING ANTIMONOPOLY POLICY AND POLITICAL CULTURE: THE 1970S AND THE 1990S......Page 213 IV. STRENGTHENING JAPANESE ANTITRUST’S ENFORCEMENT CAPABILITIES AND THE AMBIGUITIES OF FOREIGN PRESSURE......Page 228 V. JAPANESE ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT SINCE SII......Page 241 VI. CONCLUSION......Page 259 5 Antitrust in Postwar European Social Welfare Capitalism......Page 261 I. ANTITRUST AND THE ALLIED OCCUPATION OF GERMANY, 1945–1949......Page 262 II. GERMANY AND EUROPEAN ANTITRUST REGIME ALTERNATIVES, 1949–1957......Page 278 III. THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL WELFARE CAPITALISM, 1957–1986......Page 294 IV. THE EUROPEAN UNION, GLOBAL CAPITALISM, AND ANTITRUST MODERNIZATION SINCE 1986......Page 306 V. CONCLUSION......Page 329 I. POSTWAR AUSTRALIAN CAPITALISM AND CONSTITUTIONAL ECONOMIC LIBERTY......Page 331 II. THE GENESIS OF TRADE PRACTICES LAWS: R. B. BANNERMAN AND LIONEL MURPHY, 1964–1974......Page 347 III. THE MATURATION OF THE TRADE PRACTICES ACT, 1974–1991......Page 361 IV. ALLAN FELS’S ENFORCEMENT ACTIVISM AND THE NEW ANTITRUST REGIME, 1991–2003......Page 382 IV. CONCLUSION......Page 408 Conclusion......Page 409 Index......Page 423 "The international spread of antitrust suggested the historical process shaping global capitalism. By the 1930s, Americans feared that big business exceeded the government's capacity to impose accountability, engendering the most aggressive antitrust campaign in history. Meanwhile, big business had emerged to varying degrees in liberal Britain, Australia, and France; Nazi Germany; and militarist Japan. These same nations nonetheless expressly rejected American-style antitrust as unsuited to their cultures and institutions. After World War II, however, governments in these nations--as well as the European Community--adopted workable antitrust regimes. By the millennium antitrust was instrumental to the clash between state sovereignty and globalization. What ideological and institutional factors explain the global change from opposing to supporting antitrust? Addressing this question, this book throws new light on the struggle over liberal capitalism during the Great Depression and World War II, the postwar Allied occupations of Japan and Germany, the reaction against American big business hegemony during the cold war, and the clash over globalization and the WTO."--Publisher's description Reconstituting American Antitrust 1937-1945 -- Protectionism Over Competition : Europe, Australia, And Japan, 1930-1945 -- American Antitrust Since 1945 -- Japanese Antitrust Since 1945 -- Antitrust In Postwar European Social Welfare Capitalism -- Antitrust Resurgence And Social Welfare Capitalism In Postwar Australia. Tony A. Freyer. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. By the 1930s, Americans feared that big business exceeded the government's capacity to impose accountability, engendering the most aggressive antitrust campaign in history. This text looks at the ideological and institutional factors that explain the global change from opposing to supporting antitrust "This book throws new light on the struggle over liberal capitalism during the Great Depression and World War II, the postwar Allied occupations of Japan anti Germany, the reaction against American big business hegemony during the cold war, and the clash over globalization and the WTO."--Jacket On April 29, 1938, Franklin Roosevelt put aside pressing foreign policy concerns to present an antimonopoly message.