Antiochos III and the Cities of Western Asia Minor: with new preface and addenda

This work examines a test case for the relationship between the polis and the Hellenistic empire focusing specifically on the interaction between Antiochos III and the cities of Western Asia Minor (226-188 BC). Such a study is possible thanks to a rich epigraphical documentation which has been reproduced extensively and translated in an appendix to this book. Dr Ma approaches this material from a variety of angles: narrative history, structural analyses of imperial power, and analyses of the functions played by language and stereotype in the interaction between rulers and ruled. The result is to further a nuanced appreciation of the relation between the Hellenistic king and the Hellenistic polis by drawing attention to the power of the Hellenistic empires, to the capacity of political language to modify power relations, and to the efforts of the Hellenistic polis to preserve its sense of identity and civic pride, if not its political independence. Antiochos III and the Cities of Western Asia Minor......Page 4 Preface......Page 6 Contents......Page 10 List of Documents in Epigraphical Dossier......Page 12 Abbreviations......Page 15 Maps......Page 19 Introduction: The Great King and the Cities......Page 22 1. In all the Land beyond the Taurus, Just as under our Grandfather......Page 47 2. Seleukid Asia Minor......Page 54 3. A Seleukid Past?......Page 60 4. Seleukid Collapse in Anatolia......Page 64 5. P. Sulpicius Galba's History Lesson......Page 71 2. The Reconquest of Asia Minor: A Narrative (226-192 BC)......Page 74 1. Achaios (223-213 BC)......Page 75 2. After the Expedition to the Upper Regions (204-202 BC)......Page 84 3. Philip V, the Rhodians, Attalos I, and the Romans (201-200 BC)......Page 95 4. Constructing a Seleukid Space (197-192 BC)......Page 103 5. Contesting the Seleukid Space (197-192 BC)......Page 115 6. Beyond Narrative......Page 123 3. Empire as Structures......Page 127 1. Conquest and Control......Page 129 2. Officials and Administration......Page 143 (a) The World of Zeuxis......Page 144 (b) The Royal Economy and its Officials......Page 151 (c) Empire at Work......Page 159 (d) Institutions as Rhetoric......Page 168 3. City Statuses: The Typology of Subordination......Page 171 4. Beyond Structures......Page 195 4. Empire as Interaction......Page 200 1. The Language of Euergetism......Page 203 (a) Power as Benefaction......Page 215 (b) Diplomacy and Manipulation......Page 222 (c) 'As for the Other Euergetai': Socializing the King's Officials......Page 227 (d) Publicizing Norms and Expectations......Page 232 3. Local Meanings and the Self-Identity of the Polis......Page 235 (a) Talking about the Ruler......Page 236 (b) Ruler Cult as Social Memory......Page 240 (c) The Polis' Version......Page 247 4. The Successes of Royal Discourse......Page 249 5. Conclusion: Language and Power in the Hellenistic Age......Page 256 Conclusion, Epilogue, Envoi: 'Once there was a King, Antiochos the Great...'......Page 264 1. Verbal Parallels......Page 275 2. Parallels between the Reign of Antiochos III and the Events in OGIS 219......Page 276 3. Palaeography......Page 279 1. High or Low Dating?......Page 281 2. The Asylia of Teos......Page 282 3. Against a Low Dating......Page 285 3. Dubia......Page 287 1. Antiochos Megas......Page 293 2. Basileus megas Antiochos......Page 294 3. Consequences......Page 297 5. Stratonikeia......Page 298 1. The Account in Livy......Page 300 3. An Annalistic Invention?......Page 301 7. The Settlement of 189/8 BC......Page 303 1. End of Letter from Antiochos III to the Sardians ( March 213 BC)......Page 305 2. Sardian Decree, Letter of Laodike, Beginning of Letter of Antiochos III (June 213)......Page 306 3. Letter of Antiochos III to the Sardians (Summer 213)......Page 308 4. Dossier Concerning the High-Priesthood of Nikanor: Correspondence of Philotas to Bithys, Zeuxis to Philotas, Antiochos III to Zeuxis (209)......Page 309 5. Letter of Zeuxis to the Amyzonians (May 203)......Page 313 6. Letter of Antiochos III to his Army at Amyzon (203)......Page 315 7. Dedication of Zeuxis at Amyzon (203)......Page 316 8. Two Documents Pertaining to the asylia of the Artemision at Amyzon (203 or later)......Page 317 9. Decree of the Amyzonians for Chionis, the Governor of Alinda (October-November 202)......Page 318 10. Decree of the Amyzonians for Menestratos of Phokaia, the Epistates of the Artemision (November-December 201)......Page 319 11. Decree of the Amyzonians for Nikomedes (c. 200?)......Page 321 12. Decree of the Amyzonians for a Royal Official (c.200?)......Page 322 13. Decree of the Amyzonians for Soldiers and their Officer (c.200?)......Page 323 14. Decree of the Amyzonians for Hermias (c.200?)......Page 324 15. Letter of Zeuxis (?) to the Army at Labraunda (203)......Page 325 16. Amphiktionic Decree for the Asylia of Antiocheia/ Alabanda (201)......Page 326 17. First Teian Decree for Antiochos III and Laodike III (probably 203)......Page 329 18. Second Decree of the Teians for Antiochos III and Laodike III (probably 203)......Page 332 19. Royal Correspondence Addressed to the the Teians (between 203 and 190)......Page 338 21. Dedication at Soloi by Ptolemaios, Son of Thraseas, to Hermes, Herakles and Antiochos III (probably igy)......Page 342 22. Inscription Recording the Consecration of Xanthos by Antiochos III (197)......Page 344 23. Decree of the Xanthians for Themistokles Son of Aischylos, an Ilian Rhetor (September or October I96)......Page 345 24. Decree of the Xanthian neoi for Lyson (August 196)......Page 346 25. Letter of Zeuxis to Kildarians (probably 197)......Page 348 26. Letter of Laodike III to Iasians, Decree of the Iasians for Laodike (c.196)......Page 350 27. Decree of Iasian Tribe Concerning Rituals for Antiochos III and his Family (c.196)......Page 356 28. Decree of the Iasians in Honour of Antiochos III and his Family (c.196)......Page 357 29. Agreement between Zeuxis and the Philippeis /Euromians Concerning their Alliance with Antiochos III (August/September 797)......Page 359 30. Decree of the Euromians on Constitutional Matters (after 197)......Page 360 31. Letters of Antiochos III and Zeuxis to the Herakleians (between 196 and 193)......Page 361 32. Decree of the Citizens of Laodikeia on Lykos for Foreign Judges from Priene (between 196 and 190)......Page 366 33. Decree of the Prienians for Ameinias (between 196 and 190)......Page 369 34. Letter of Antiochos III (?) to Ilion (Winter 197/6 or Spring 196?)......Page 371 35. Alliance between Antiochos III and Perinthos ( 196?)......Page 372 36. Letter of a Royal Official (?) Concerning an Indeterminate City(bewteen 209 and 193, probably c.197)......Page 373 37. Royal Enactment Concerning the State Cult for Laodike (February/March to May 193)......Page 375 38. Letter of M. Valerius Messalla, the Tribunes, and the Senate of Rome to the Teians (193)......Page 377 39. Ex-voto Erected at Gordos for the Safety of Apollophanes, Physician of Antiochos III......Page 379 40. Honorific Decree of the Sardians (between 209 and 193)......Page 380 41. Royal Documents from Sardeis (213-190)......Page 381 42. Statue Base of Antiochos III, Erected at Klaros (between 197 and 193)......Page 383 43. Letter of Antiochos III to the Nysaians......Page 384 44. Decree of the Citizens of Apollonia under Salbake Honouring the Seleukid Hipparch, Philo... (between 213 and 190)......Page 385 45. Letter of the Scipios to the Herakleians (late 190)......Page 387 46. Letter of the Scipios to the Kolophonians ( 189)......Page 389 48. Decree of the Citizens of Apollonia under Salbake for Pamphilos (after 188)......Page 390 49. Attalid Dossier Concerning the List of Mystai of Apollo Pleurenos (after 188)......Page 392 Bibliography......Page 394 Index of Primary Sources......Page 414 General index......Page 417 Antiochos III and the Cities of Western Asia Minor 4 Preface 6 Contents 10 List of Documents in Epigraphical Dossier 12 Abbreviations 15 Maps 19 Introduction: The Great King and the Cities 22 1. The Seleukid Past in Asia Minor (281-223 BC) 47 1. In all the Land beyond the Taurus, Just as under our Grandfather 47 2. Seleukid Asia Minor 54 3. A Seleukid Past? 60 4. Seleukid Collapse in Anatolia 64 5. P. Sulpicius Galba's History Lesson 71 2. The Reconquest of Asia Minor: A Narrative (226-192 BC) 74 1. Achaios (223-213 BC) 75 2. After the Expedition to the Upper Regions (204-202 BC) 84 3. Philip V, the Rhodians, Attalos I, and the Romans (201-200 BC) 95 4. Constructing a Seleukid Space (197-192 BC) 103 5. Contesting the Seleukid Space (197-192 BC) 115 6. Beyond Narrative 123 3. Empire as Structures 127 1. Conquest and Control 129 2. Officials and Administration 143 (a) The World of Zeuxis 144 (b) The Royal Economy and its Officials 151 (c) Empire at Work 159 (d) Institutions as Rhetoric 168 3. City Statuses: The Typology of Subordination 171 4. Beyond Structures 195 4. Empire as Interaction 200 1. The Language of Euergetism 203 2. Talking to: Instrumental Functions 215 (a) Power as Benefaction 215 (b) Diplomacy and Manipulation 222 (c) 'As for the Other Euergetai': Socializing the King's Officials 227 (d) Publicizing Norms and Expectations 232 3. Local Meanings and the Self-Identity of the Polis 235 (a) Talking about the Ruler 236 (b) Ruler Cult as Social Memory 240 (c) The Polis' Version 247 4. The Successes of Royal Discourse 249 5. Conclusion: Language and Power in the Hellenistic Age 256 Conclusion, Epilogue, Envoi: 'Once there was a King, Antiochos the Great...' 264 Appendices 275 1. The Date of OGIS 219 275 1. Verbal Parallels 275 2. Parallels between the Reign of Antiochos III and the Events in OGIS 219 276 3. Palaeography 279 2. The Date of the Documents from Teos 281 1. High or Low Dating? 281 2. The Asylia of Teos 282 3. Against a Low Dating 285 3. Dubia 287 4. Μέγas and βασιλεὺς μέγας 293 1. Antiochos Megas 293 2. Basileus megas Antiochos 294 3. Consequences 297 5. Stratonikeia 298 6. An Invasion of the Attalid kingdom in 198 BC? 300 1. The Account in Livy 300 2. Arguments against and for an Invasion in 198 301 3. An Annalistic Invention? 301 7. The Settlement of 189/8 BC 303 Epigraphical Dossier 305 Introductory Note 305 I. 216-209 BC 305 1. End of Letter from Antiochos III to the Sardians ( March 213 BC) 305 2. Sardian Decree, Letter of Laodike, Beginning of Letter of Antiochos III (June 213) 306 3. Letter of Antiochos III to the Sardians (Summer 213) 308 4. Dossier Concerning the High-Priesthood of Nikanor: Correspondence of Philotas to Bithys, Zeuxis to Philotas, Antiochos III to Zeuxis (209) 309 II. 203-201 BC 313 5. Letter of Zeuxis to the Amyzonians (May 203) 313 6. Letter of Antiochos III to his Army at Amyzon (203) 315 7. Dedication of Zeuxis at Amyzon (203) 316 8. Two Documents Pertaining to the asylia of the Artemision at Amyzon (203 or later) 317 9. Decree of the Amyzonians for Chionis, the Governor of Alinda (October-November 202) 318 10. Decree of the Amyzonians for Menestratos of Phokaia, the Epistates of the Artemision (November-December 201) 319 11. Decree of the Amyzonians for Nikomedes (c. 200?) 321 12. Decree of the Amyzonians for a Royal Official (c.200?) 322 13. Decree of the Amyzonians for Soldiers and their Officer (c.200?) 323 14. Decree of the Amyzonians for Hermias (c.200?) 324 15. Letter of Zeuxis (?) to the Army at Labraunda (203) 325 16. Amphiktionic Decree for the Asylia of Antiocheia/ Alabanda (201) 326 17. First Teian Decree for Antiochos III and Laodike III (probably 203) 329 18. Second Decree of the Teians for Antiochos III and Laodike III (probably 203) 332 19. Royal Correspondence Addressed to the the Teians (between 203 and 190) 338 III. 197-190 BC 342 20. Dedication at Aigeai by Themison, Nephew of the King, for Antiochos III, Antiochos the Son, Laodike III, and the Royal Children (probably 197) 342 21. Dedication at Soloi by Ptolemaios, Son of Thraseas, to Hermes, Herakles and Antiochos III (probably igy) 342 22. Inscription Recording the Consecration of Xanthos by Antiochos III (197) 344 23. Decree of the Xanthians for Themistokles Son of Aischylos, an Ilian Rhetor (September or October I96) 345 24. Decree of the Xanthian neoi for Lyson (August 196) 346 25. Letter of Zeuxis to Kildarians (probably 197) 348 26. Letter of Laodike III to Iasians, Decree of the Iasians for Laodike (c.196) 350 27. Decree of Iasian Tribe Concerning Rituals for Antiochos III and his Family (c.196) 356 28. Decree of the Iasians in Honour of Antiochos III and his Family (c.196) 357 29. Agreement between Zeuxis and the Philippeis /Euromians Concerning their Alliance with Antiochos III (August/September 797) 359 30. Decree of the Euromians on Constitutional Matters (after 197) 360 31. Letters of Antiochos III and Zeuxis to the Herakleians (between 196 and 193) 361 32. Decree of the Citizens of Laodikeia on Lykos for Foreign Judges from Priene (between 196 and 190) 366 33. Decree of the Prienians for Ameinias (between 196 and 190) 369 34. Letter of Antiochos III (?) to Ilion (Winter 197/6 or Spring 196?) 371 35. Alliance between Antiochos III and Perinthos ( 196?) 372 36. Letter of a Royal Official (?) Concerning an Indeterminate City(bewteen 209 and 193, probably c.197) 373 37. Royal Enactment Concerning the State Cult for Laodike (February/March to May 193) 375 38. Letter of M. Valerius Messalla, the Tribunes, and the Senate of Rome to the Teians (193) 377 IV. Date Undetermined but Certainly under Antiochos III 379 39. Ex-voto Erected at Gordos for the Safety of Apollophanes, Physician of Antiochos III 379 40. Honorific Decree of the Sardians (between 209 and 193) 380 41. Royal Documents from Sardeis (213-190) 381 42. Statue Base of Antiochos III, Erected at Klaros (between 197 and 193) 383 43. Letter of Antiochos III to the Nysaians 384 44. Decree of the Citizens of Apollonia under Salbake Honouring the Seleukid Hipparch, Philo... (between 213 and 190) 385 V. AFTERMATH 387 45. Letter of the Scipios to the Herakleians (late 190) 387 46. Letter of the Scipios to the Kolophonians ( 189) 389 47. Decree of the Amyzonians for Dionysios (after 188) 390 48. Decree of the Citizens of Apollonia under Salbake for Pamphilos (after 188) 390 49. Attalid Dossier Concerning the List of Mystai of Apollo Pleurenos (after 188) 392 Bibliography 394 Index of Primary Sources 414 General index 417

This work examines a test case for the relationship between the polis and the Hellenistic empire focusing specifically on the interaction between Antiochus III and the cities of Western Asia Minor (226-188 BC). Such a study is possible thanks to a rich epigraphical documentation which has been reproduced extensively and translated in an appendix to this book. Dr Ma approaches this material from a variety of angles: narrative history, structural analyses of imperial power, and analyses of the functions played by language and stereotype in the interaction between rulers and ruled. The result is to further a nuanced appreciation of the relation between the Hellenistic king and the Hellenistic polis by drawing attention to the power of the Hellenistic empires, to the capacity of political language to modify power relations, and to the efforts of the Hellenistic polis to preserve its sense of identity and civic pride, if not its political independence.

"This work examines a test case for the relationship between the polis and the Hellenistic empires, focusing specifically on the interaction between Antiochos III and the cities of Western Asia Minor (226-188 B.C.). Dr. Ma approaches this material from a variety of angles: narrative history, structural analyses of imperial power, and analyses of the functions played by language and stereotypes in the interaction between rulers and ruled. The result is to further a nuanced appreciation of the relation between the Hellenistic king and the Hellenistic polis by drawing attention to the power of the Hellenistic empires, to the capacity of political language to modify power relations, and to the efforts of the Hellenistic polis to preserve its sense of identity and civic pride, and at times its political independence."--Jacket This important and wide-ranging book examines the relationship between the Greek city-states and the Hellenistic empire, focusing specifically on the interaction between Antiochos III and the cities of Western Asia Minor. Dr Ma approaches this material from a variety of angles: narrative history, structural analyses of imperial power, and analyses of the functions played by language and stereotype in the interaction between rulers and ruled. This paperback edition includes a new preface and a section of addenda