Antimicrobial Drug Resistance: Mechanisms of Drug Resistance, Volume 1 (Infectious Disease)

The volumes included in __Antimicrobial Drug Resistance__ represent the first comprehensive, multidisciplinary reference covering the area of antimicrobial drug resistance in bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites from basic science, clinical, and epidemiological perspectives. The first volume, __Antimicrobial Drug Resistance, Mechanisms of Drug Resistance__, is dedicated to the biological basis of drug resistance and effective avenues for drug development. With the emergence of more drug-resistant strains, the approach to dealing with the drug resistance problem must include the research of different aspects of the mechanisms of bacterial resistance and the dissemination of resistance genes as well as research utilizing new genomic information. These approaches will permit the design of novel strategies to develop new antibiotics and preserve the effectiveness of currently available ones. The second volume, __Antimicrobial Drug Resistance, Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects__, is devoted to the clinical aspects of drug resistance. Although there is evidence that restricted use of a specific antibiotic can be followed by a decrease in drug resistance to that agent, drug resistance control is not easily achieved. Thus, the infectious disease physician requires input from the clinical microbiologist and infection control specialist to make informed choices for the effective treatment of various strains of drug-resistant pathogens in individual patients. This 2-volume set is an important reference for students in microbiology, infectious disease physicians, medical students, basic scientists, drug development researchers, microbiologists, epidemiologists, and public health practitioners. Front Matter....Pages i-xxvi History of Drug-Resistant Microbes....Pages 3-7 Evolutionary Biology of Drug Resistance....Pages 9-32 Pharmacology of Drug Resistance....Pages 33-42 Antimicrobial Resistance Versus the Discovery and Development of New Antimicrobials....Pages 43-50 Genetic Mechanisms of Transfer of Drug Resistance....Pages 53-64 Mutations as a Basis of Antimicrobial Resistance....Pages 65-74 Target-Mediated Antibacterial Resistance....Pages 75-80 Biochemical Logic of Antibiotic Inactivation and Modification....Pages 81-95 Antibiotic Resistance Due to Reduced Uptake....Pages 97-110 Transport Mechanisms of Resistance to Drugs and Toxic Metals....Pages 111-120 The Functional Resistance of Bacterial Biofilms....Pages 121-131 The Importance of β-Lactamases to the Development of New β-Lactams....Pages 135-144 Penicillin-Binding Proteins and β-Lactam Resistance....Pages 145-170 Aminoglycosides: Mechanisms of Action and Resistance....Pages 171-181 Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol Resistance Mechanisms....Pages 183-193 Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Bacteria....Pages 195-205 Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance....Pages 207-210 Macrolides and Lincosamides....Pages 211-221 Mechanism of Resistance in Metronidazole....Pages 223-227 Glycopeptide Resistance in Enterococci....Pages 229-240 Streptogramin....Pages 241-245 Resistance to Linezolid....Pages 247-257 Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim....Pages 259-269 Mechanisms of Action and Resistance of Antimycobacterial Agents....Pages 271-291 Amphotericin B: Polyene Resistance Mechanisms....Pages 295-305 Fungal Drug Resistance: Azoles....Pages 307-312 Flucytosine: Site of Action, Mechanism of Resistance and Use in Combination Therapy....Pages 313-326 Echinocandins: Exploring Susceptibility and Resistance....Pages 327-346 Antifungal Targets, Mechanisms of Action, and Resistance in Candida albicans ....Pages 347-407 Mechanisms of Resistance of Antiviral Drugs Active Against the Human Herpes Viruses....Pages 411-419 Influenza M2 Ion-Channel and Neuraminidase Inhibitors....Pages 421-447 Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors....Pages 449-459 Resistance to HIV Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors....Pages 461-475 Resistance to HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors....Pages 477-492 Resistance to Enfuvirtide and Other HIV Entry Inhibitors....Pages 493-506 Resistance to Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Integration....Pages 507-517 The Hepatitis B Virus and Antiviral Drug Resistance: Causes, Patterns, and Mechanisms....Pages 519-530 Mechanisms of Hepatitis C Virus Drug Resistance....Pages 531-545 Drug Resistance Mechanisms in Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis , and Opportunistic Anaerobic Protozoa....Pages 549-559 Mechanisms of Antimalarial Drug Resistance....Pages 561-574 Drug Resistance in Leishmania ....Pages 575-587 Drug Resistance in African Trypanosomiasis....Pages 589-604 Drug Resistance and Emerging Targets in the Opportunistic Pathogens Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum ....Pages 605-619 Drug Resistance in Nematodes....Pages 621-628 Chemotherapy and Drug Resistance in Schistosomiasis,Fascioliasis and Tapeworm Infections....Pages 629-646 Drug Resistance in Ectoparasites of Medical and Veterinary Importance....Pages 647-654 Back Matter....Pages 655-678 This? rst edition of Antimicrobial Drug Resistance grew out of a desire by the editors and authors to have a comprehensive resource of information on antimicrobial drug resistance that encompassed the current information available for bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. We believe that this information will be of value to clinicians, epidemiologists, microbiologists, virologists, parasitologists, public health authorities, medical students and fellows in training. We have endeavored to provide this information in a style which would be accessible to the broad community of persons who are concerned with the impact of drug resistance in our cl- ics and across the broader global communities. Antimicrobial Drug Resistance is divided into Volume 1 which has sections covering a general overview of drug resistance and mechanisms of drug resistance? rst for classes of drugs and then by individual microbial agents including bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. Volume 2 addresses clinical, epidemiologic and public health aspects of drug resistance along with an overview of the conduct and interpretation of speci? c drug resistance assays. Together, these two volumes offer a comprehensive source of information on drug resistance issues by the experts in each topic. Although there is evidence that restricted use of a specific antibiotic can be followed by a decrease in drug resistance to that agent, drug resistance control is not easily achieved. This work covers the area of antimicrobial drug resistance in bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites from basic science, clinical, and epidemiological perspectives. V. 1. Mechanisms Of Drug Resistance -- V. 2. Clinical And Epidemiological Aspects. Edited By Douglas Mayers ; Section Editors, Stephen A. Lerner, Marc Ouellette, Jack D. Sobel. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.