Antimicrobial Drug Resistance: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects, Volume 2 (Infectious Disease)

The volumes included in __Antimicrobial Drug Resistance__ represent the first comprehensive, multidisciplinary reference covering the area of antimicrobial drug resistance in bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites from basic science, clinical, and epidemiological perspectives. The first volume, __Antimicrobial Drug Resistance, Mechanisms of Drug Resistance__, is dedicated to the biological basis of drug resistance and effective avenues for drug development. With the emergence of more drug-resistant strains, the approach to dealing with the drug resistance problem must include the research of different aspects of the mechanisms of bacterial resistance and the dissemination of resistance genes as well as research utilizing new genomic information. These approaches will permit the design of novel strategies to develop new antibiotics and preserve the effectiveness of currently available ones. The second volume, __Antimicrobial Drug Resistance, Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects__, is devoted to the clinical aspects of drug resistance. Although there is evidence that restricted use of a specific antibiotic can be followed by a decrease in drug resistance to that agent, drug resistance control is not easily achieved. Thus, the infectious disease physician requires input from the clinical microbiologist and infection control specialist to make informed choices for the effective treatment of various strains of drug-resistant pathogens in individual patients. This 2-volume set is an important reference for students in microbiology, infectious disease physicians, medical students, basic scientists, drug development researchers, microbiologists, epidemiologists, and public health practitioners. Front Matter....Pages i-xxvi Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae ....Pages 681-693 Antibiotic Resistance of Non-Pneumococcal Streptococci and Its Clinical Impact....Pages 695-714 Enterococcus: Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococci Epidemiology, Treatment, and Control....Pages 715-733 Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococci: Mechanisms of Resistance and Clinical Implications....Pages 735-748 Resistance in Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli....Pages 749-759 Antibiotic Resistance in Neisseria ....Pages 763-782 Mechanisms of Resistance in Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis ....Pages 783-801 Enterobacteriaceae....Pages 803-810 Pseudomonas aeruginosa....Pages 811-817 Acinetobacter....Pages 819-823 Antimicrobial Resistance of Shigella spp., Typhoid Salmonella and Nontyphoid Salmonella ....Pages 825-832 Antimicrobial Resistance in Vibrios....Pages 833-845 Antimicrobial Resistance in Helicobacter and Campylobacter ....Pages 847-863 Pertussis (Whooping Cough)....Pages 865-871 Antibiotic Resistance of Anaerobic Bacteria....Pages 873-899 Mycobacteria: Tuberculosis....Pages 901-915 Drug Resistance by Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria....Pages 917-927 The Role of Resistance in Candida Infections: Epidemiology and Treatment....Pages 931-951 Antifungal Resistance: Aspergillus ....Pages 953-965 Drug Resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans ....Pages 967-985 Antifungal Drug Resistance in Histoplasmosis....Pages 987-992 Drug Resistance in Pneumocystis jirovecii ....Pages 993-1007 Antiviral Resistance in Influenza Viruses: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects....Pages 1011-1033 Herpesvirus Resistance....Pages 1035-1047 Clinical Implications of HIV-1 Drug Resistance....Pages 1049-1060 Clinical Implications of Resistance for Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B....Pages 1061-1073 Antimalarial Drug Resistance: Clinical Perspectives....Pages 1077-1090 Diagnosis and Treatment of Metronidazole-Resistant Trichomonas vaginalis Infection....Pages 1091-1100 Drug Resistance in Leishmania : Clinical Perspectives....Pages 1101-1112 Human African Trypanosomiasis....Pages 1113-1119 Drug Resistance in Toxoplasma gondii ....Pages 1121-1126 Drug Resistance in the Sheep Nematode Parasite Haemonchus contortus , Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives....Pages 1127-1132 In Vitro Performance and Analysis of Combination Anti-infective Evaluations....Pages 1135-1149 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods for Bacterial Pathogens....Pages 1151-1159 Drug Resistance Assays for Mycobacterium tuberculosis ....Pages 1161-1170 Fungal Drug Resistance Assays....Pages 1171-1186 Viral Phenotypic Resistance Assays....Pages 1187-1199 Drug Resistance Assays for Parasites....Pages 1201-1225 Genotypic Drug Resistance Assays....Pages 1227-1248 The Use of Genotypic Assays for Monitoring the Development of Resistance to Antiviral Therapy for HIV-1 Infection and Other Chronic Viral Diseases....Pages 1249-1264 Antimicrobial Resistance: An International Public Health Problem....Pages 1267-1276 Hospital Infection Control: Considerations for the Management and Control of Drug-Resistant Organisms....Pages 1277-1293 Controlling the Spread of Resistant Pathogens in the Intensive Care Unit....Pages 1295-1314 Implications of Antibiotic Resistance in Potential Agents of Bioterrorism....Pages 1315-1338 Internet Resources on Antimicrobial Resistance....Pages 1339-1345 Back Matter....Pages 1347-1370 This ? rst edition of Antimicrobial Drug Resistance grew out of a desire by the editors and authors to have a comprehensive resource of information on antimicrobial drug resistance that encompassed the current information available for bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. We believe that this information will be of value to clinicians, epidemiologists, microbiologists, virologists, parasitologists, public health authorities, medical students and fellows in training. We have endeavored to provide this information in a style which would be accessible to the broad community of persons who are concerned with the impact of drug resistance in our cl- ics and across the broader global communities. Antimicrobial Drug Resistance is divided into Volume 1 which has sections covering a general overview of drug resistance and mechanisms of drug resistance ? rst for classes of drugs and then by individual microbial agents including bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. Volume 2 addresses clinical, epidemiologic and public health aspects of drug resistance along with an overview of the conduct and interpretation of speci? c drug resistance assays. Together, these two volumes offer a comprehensive source of information on drug resistance issues by the experts in each topic. Although there is evidence that restricted use of a specific antibiotic can be followed by a decrease in drug resistance to that agent, drug resistance control is not easily achieved. This work covers the area of antimicrobial drug resistance in bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites from basic science, clinical, and epidemiological perspectives.