Antarctica Oceanology II: The Australian-New Zealand Sector

About The ProductPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the __Antarctic Research Series__. The organization and production of __Antarctic Oceanology II: The Australian-New Zealand Sector__ were motivated with several considerations in mind. It is obvious that the value of any scientific contribution treating a particular geographical area is greatly enhanced when the individual work is compiled and presented with other contributions that consider the scientific problems of the same area from different approaches. There is no doubt that the potential value of a collective volume far exceeds that of any individual contributions. Thus this geographical approach, which has been successfully used in many books, has also been used in this volume of the Antarctic Research Series. Moreover, the contributions in this volume have benefited from one important and basically different starting point, the research program of the USNS __Eltanin__. A large portion of marine geologic, marine geophysical, and oceanographic data for this sector of the ocean south of Australia and New Zealand has been collected simultaneously aboard the __Eltanin__, the antarctic research vessel of the National Science Foundation. Most of the __Eltanin__ cruises spanning the period of the last 2-3 years have been devoted to reconnaissance surveying of this area. The surveys have been multidisciplinary by design, and the ship tracks have been systematically laid out as part of an over-all plan to survey the entire circumpolar ocean surrounding the antarctic continent Content: Title Page......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 The Antarctic Research Series......Page 7 Preface......Page 8 Contents ......Page 10 INTRODUCTION: PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE SOUTHEAST INDIAN OCEAN......Page 12 REF E R E N C E S......Page 16 SOLAR RADIATION AND SOUTH OFSEA -AIR INTERACTIONAUSTRALIA......Page 19 DATA AND COMPUTATIONAL PROCEDURES......Page 23 LATITUDINAL VARIATION OF HEAT FLUXES......Page 28 DIURNAL VARIATION OF RADIATION AND HEAT BUDGET COMPONENTS......Page 32 SYNOPTIC FACTORS IN SEA-AIR HEAT EXCHANGE......Page 34 MERIDIONAL PROFILES OF MEAN WIND STRESS......Page 41 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 42 APPENDIX......Page 45 REFERENCES......Page 46 SOUND VELOCITY STRUCTURE SOUTH OF AUSTRALIA ANDOF THE OCEANNEW ZEALAND......Page 49 TYPES OF VELOCITY-DEPTH PROFILE......Page 50 MERIDIONAL SECTIONS......Page 51 SOFAR VELOCITY CHART......Page 54 SUMMARY......Page 55 REFERENCES......Page 56 VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOUTH INDIAN AND SOUTHTURBIDITYAUSTRALIAN......Page 58 CONTINENTAL MARGIN REGION......Page 60 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN AND SOUTH INDIAN BASINS......Page 63 REFERENCES......Page 64 WATERS OF THE CONTINENTAL MARGIN OFF ADELIE COAST, ANTARCTICA......Page 66 THE SHELF WATER......Page 68 RELATION OF SHELF WATER TO DEEP WATER......Page 71 BOTTOM WATER OVER THE COMTINENTAL RISE......Page 73 SHELF WATER AND AABW PRODUCTION......Page 74 REFERENCES......Page 76 ON THEIN INTERACTION OF THE ANTARCTIC THE CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT AND TE MACQUARIE RIDGE......Page 77 Smax CORE LAYER......Page 78 AXIS OF THE ACC......Page 79 THE ACC AT TJR MACQUARIE RIDGE......Page 80 THERMAL STRUCTURE OF UPPER KILOMETER OF THE OCEAN......Page 83 REFERENCES......Page 84 MODEL OF THE ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT IN THE VICINITY OF THE MACQUARIE RIDGE......Page 85 LABORATORY MODEL......Page 86 MATHEMATICAL MODEL......Page 87 ROTATING WATER TUNNEL......Page 90 EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL RESULTS......Page 91 RELATION TO OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA......Page 97 REFERENCES......Page 99 VARIABILITY OF THE BAROCLINIC TRANSPORT RELATIVE TO 2000 dB......Page 100 THE FLINDERS CURRENT......Page 103 REFERENCES......Page 104 MEASUREMENTS OFFSHORE......Page 106 MEAN CURRENTS......Page 111 INERTIAL MOTION......Page 112 TIDAL ANALYSIS......Page 114 MEASUREMENTS ONSHORE......Page 116 DESCRIPTION OF TIDES......Page 117 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 118 REFERENCES......Page 121 THE SOUTHEAST INDIAN OCEAN......Page 122 THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC OCEAN......Page 125 CONCLUSION......Page 126 REFERENCES......Page 127 MORPHOLOGY OF THE SOUTHEAST INDIAN OCEAN......Page 128 RIDGE CREST AND RIDGE FLANK PRIVINCES......Page 132 CONTINENTAL MARGINS ANDASSOCIATED MARGINAL RISES AND PLATEAUS......Page 139 TASMAN BASIN......Page 143 MACQUARIE RIDGE COMPLEX......Page 144 DIAMANTINA FRACTURE ZONE......Page 145 CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY......Page 146 REFERENCES......Page 147 COMMENTS ON ANTARCTIC SEDIMENTATION......Page 149 TREATMENT OF THE DATA......Page 151 DISCUSSION OF THE ISOPACH MAP......Page 152 SEDIMENT PROVENANCE......Page 160 BASEMENT MORPHOLOGY......Page 161 REFERENCES......Page 165 MAGNETIC ANOMALIES IN THE SOUTHEAST INDIAN OCEAN......Page 167 MAGNE TIC ANOMALY AND FRACTURE ZONE PATTERN......Page 169 MODELS STUDIES......Page 177 TECTONIC HISTORY OF THE INDIAN OCEAN......Page 181 INITIAL RIFTING HISTORY......Page 192 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 195 REFERENCES......Page 196 DATA REDUCTION......Page 199 DATA ANALYSIS......Page 201 CONCLUSIONS......Page 209 REFERENCES......Page 211 GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OFMACQUARIE RIDGE COMPLEX......Page 212 MORPHOLOGY......Page 214 GRAVITY ANOMALIES......Page 215 MAGNETIC ANOMALIES......Page 216 INFERRED PLATE MOTIONS......Page 218 GENERAL DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS......Page 229 REFERENCES......Page 234 THE ALPINE FAULT......Page 236 FIORDLSND AND PUYSEGUR TRENCH REGION......Page 237 INTERORETATION......Page 240 CONCLUSION......Page 242 REFERENCES......Page 243 GRAVITY......Page 244 MAGNETICS......Page 246 CONCLUSIONS......Page 249 REFERENCES......Page 250 GEOLOGY KF MACQUARIE ISLAND......Page 251 ORIGIN OF MACQUARE ISLAND......Page 264 REFERENCES......Page 265 SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION AND SEDIMENTATION RATES......Page 267 TASMAN MANGANESE PAVEMENT AND REGIONAL UNCONFORMITIES IN SOUTH TASMAN SEA......Page 269 REFERENCES......Page 270 REGIONAL SEDIMENTARY DISCONFORMITIES AND UPPER CENOZOIC CHANGES IN BOTTOM WATER VELOCITIES BETWEEN AUSTRALASIA AND ANTARCTICA......Page 271 PREVIOUS WORK......Page 272 METHODS......Page 273 RESULTS......Page 275 INTERPRETATION......Page 276 IMPLICATIONS OF THE LIMITED AGE OF THE ERODGE SEDIMENT......Page 288 CAUSE OF THE UPPER DENOZOIC BOTTOM CURRENT VELOCITY CHANGE......Page 289 REFERENCES......Page 290 SEDIMENTARY PATTERNS WITHIN A CONTINENT MID-OCEANIC RIDGE-CONTINENT PROFILE: INDIAN OCEAN SOUTH OF AUSTRALIA......Page 292 SOUTHERN AUSTRALIAN CONTINENTAL MARGIN......Page 294 TASMAN FRACTURE ZONE OF THE MID·OCEANIC RIDGE AND THE SOUTH TASMAN BASIN......Page 297 MID-OCEAN RIDGE AND AUSTRALIAN-ANTARCTIC DISCORDANCE......Page 301 DISTRIBUTION OF SURFACE MANGANESE, BOTTOM CURRENTS, AND BOTTOM PHOTOGRAPHY......Page 305 SUMMARY......Page 308 REFERENCES......Page 311 SEDIMENTATION RATES......Page 313 SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY......Page 319 DEPOSITION RATES OF TRACE METALS......Page 327 CONCLUSIONS......Page 328 REFERENCES......Page 329 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION......Page 331 AGE OF DEPOSITION AND FISSION TRACK AGE......Page 333 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS......Page 334 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION......Page 336 COMPARISON WITH OTHER MICROSCOPIC GLASSY PARTICLES......Page 339 CORRELATION WITH OTHER DEEP-SEA STRATIGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES AND REWORKING OF DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS......Page 342 REFERENCES......Page 343 CORE DESCRIPTIONS AND SA,PLING TECHNIQUES......Page 345 SEDIMENTATION ON THE SHELF AND SLOPE......Page 346 ABYSSAL PLAIN SEDIMENTATION......Page 347 SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION RATES AND TOTAL SEDIMENT THICKNESS......Page 356 MINERALOGY AND PROVENANCEOF ABYSSAL PLAIN SANDS......Page 358 REFERENCES......Page 359 Map ......Page 361 About The Product Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Antarctic Research Series . The organization and production of Antarctic Oceanology II: The Australian-New Zealand Sector were motivated with several considerations in mind. It is obvious that the value of any scientific contribution treating a particular geographical area is greatly enhanced when the individual work is compiled and presented with other contributions that consider the scientific problems of the same area from different approaches. There is no doubt that the potential value of a collective volume far exceeds that of any individual contributions. Thus this geographical approach, which has been successfully used in many books, has also been used in this volume of the Antarctic Research Series. Moreover, the contributions in this volume have benefited from one important and basically different starting point, the research program of the USNS Eltanin . A large portion of marine geologic, marine geophysical, and oceanographic data for this sector of the ocean south of Australia and New Zealand has been collected simultaneously aboard the Eltanin , the antarctic research vessel of the National Science Foundation. Most of the Eltanin cruises spanning the period of the last 2-3 years have been devoted to reconnaissance surveying of this area. The surveys have been multidisciplinary by design, and the ship tracks have been systematically laid out as part of an over-all plan to survey the entire circumpolar ocean surrounding the antarctic continent Content: