Animal Tumors of the Female Reproductive Tract : Spontaneous and Experimental

Models for 1\Imors of the Ovary and Uterus ## GENERAL INTRODUCTION The ultimate objective of animal studies of cancer is to achieve a better understanding of factors responsible for human disease in the hope that this may be ultimately eliminated or controlled. In order to establish the basic biologic mechanisms governing the development of human cancer, systematic controlled experiments are required. For practical and ethical reasons, these are impossible to carry out with humans so animal models have to be sought. Counterparts of many human diseases, including cancer, have been discovered occurring spontaneously in animals. Chapter 39 by E. Cotchin describes naturally occurring tumors of the ovary and uterus in many species. However, these examples are almost always sporadic and usually infrequent in their occurrence, and the most important requirements for cancer models in animals are that they be reproducible and predictable. They should also resemble the human counterpart. ## ANIMAL MODELS FOR TUMORS OF THE OVARY The first two requirements are best met by disease models that employ highly inbred strains of animals, such as the genetically pure lines of mice established many years ago by The early report of Slye 174 on autopsies carried out on 22,000 mice suggested that tumors of the mouse ovary are quite uncommon. Only 46 solid ovarian tumors were tt---v Human d Guinea pig The Ovary as a Tumor Model b Mouse c Rat e Hamster Rabbit 38.1 Comparative aspects of the female reproductive tract of the human and laboratory animal species. Redrawn and adapted from Hafez 64 and Mossman 130 • B, ovarian bursa; BP, blind pore; C, cervix; CC, cervical canal; F, fat; FT, fallopian tube; 0, ovary; U, uterus; UH, uterine horn; and V, vagina. Note the complete (mouse and hamster), almost complete (rat, guinea pig), or partial (rabbit) enclosure of the ovary in a bursa, or pouch, whereas the human ovary remains free in the peritoneum. Also note the different proportions of the various anatomic sites, and the different extents of the vaginal squamous epithelium (heavy line) in the cervical region. found, together with a small number of simple cysts. A recent report by Carter 19 on the autopsy records of approximately 3,000 female mice, mostly of random-bred Chester Beatty stock with a smaller number of Swiss albino mice and three inbred strains (BALB/c, CBA, and 101), revealed 18 ovarian tumors, only three of which were in untreated Bontebok, uterine tumors in, 31 Bos taurus, Jee Cow Boxer, ovarian tumor in, 57 Brahman cattle, ovarian tumors in, 46-49 Brenner ovarian tumor, in animals, 14, 49 Broiler chickens, ovarian tumors in, 49 BUF rats, ovarian tumors in, 39 Buffalo, uterine tumors in, 38 Buffalo strain rats, uterine tumors in, 15 Bulldog, ovarian tumor in, 54 N-Butyl-N-nitrosourea, placental tumor induction by, 16 Call-Exner bodies, in ovarian tumors, 48, 55, 56 Canis familiaris, see Dog Capra hircus, see Goat Carbowax 1000, vaginal and cervical tumor induction by, 19 Carcinoleiomyosarcoma, in domestic animal, 29 Carcinoma(s). (See also Squamous cell carcinomas) of cervix, 16, 17 in domestic animals, 32-37, 44-46, 50 in situ, in laboratory primate, 30 in laboratory animals, 30, 31, 39 of ovary, 9, 39, 42, 44-46, 50 of vagina, 17 in wild and zoo mammals, 31, 42 Carcinosarcomas, of salivary glands, from chemical carcinogens, 15 Cats ovarian tumors in, 4, 9, 47-49 tumors in, classification, 27 uterine tumors in, 28, 29 CS7Bl mice, ovarian tumors in, 10, 11 CBA mice oocyte atresia in, 2 ovarian tumors in, 3, 6, 11, 38 uterine tumors in, 13-15 CE mice, ovarian tumors in, 6, 38 Cebus monkeys herpes infections of, 19 ovarian tumors in, 38 Cervix in animals, 2, 12 animal models for tumors of, 16-20 perinatal changes in, 12 sex hormone effects on, 13 tumors of, 20, 27, 60 in domesticated animals, 34 in wild animals, 32 C3H mice cervical tumors in, 18 ovarian tumors in, 6, 38 induced, 4, 10, 11 uterine tumors in, 13 Chamois goat, ovarian tumor in, 41 Charadiformes, ovarian tumors in, 42 Charles River CD rats, ovarian tumors in, Chemical carcinogens ovarian tumor induction by, 4-5, 12 placental tumor induction by, 16 uterine tumor induction by, 14-15, 20 Chickens, see Fowl Chondrosarcoma, in laboratory animals, 39 Chorioadenoma destruens, induced placental tumor resembling, 16 Choriocarcinomas, 60 induction of, 16 spontaneous, 27, 30 Choriohemangioma, in cow, 34 Chorioma, in wild animals, 31 Chorionic epithelioma, in wild animals, 31 Chukar partridge, ovarian tumor in, 42-43 Cobalt-60, uterine tumor induction by, 15 Cocker spaniel, ovarian tumor in, 56, 57 Collie, ovarian tumor in, 57 Computer, use in animal tumor survey, 27 Contraceptives, intravaginal, animal tumor induction by, 17 The chapters which comprise this book were prepared as part of a medical text, Pathology of the Female Genital Tract, which is intended for the obstetrician, gynecologist, and medical pathologist. In that context, we were con­ cerned to bring out the importance of the study of tumors of the female reproductive tract of animals, both as show­ ing the variety of spontaneous neoplasms that might affect the tract and as providing tumors capable of experimental reproduction. These chapters are published separately, since they contain information which may appeal to a range of readers who might not necessarily wish to acquire the full medical text-for example, to veterinary and comparative pathologists, cancer research workers, research workers in gynecology, experimental pathologists and endocrinologists, and possibly to others using animals in experimental and pharmaceutical studies. The survey of spontaneous tumors of the female repro­ ductive tract is largely concerned with tumors of the ovaries and uterus of domesticated animals, but attention is also given to laboratory animals, wild animals, and animals in zoos. The spontaneous tumors are well worth studying, not only because of their obvious clinical impor­ tance to veterinarians, but also because they might provide a stimulus for epidemiologic, etiologic, biologic, and ther­ apeutic investigations that may elucidate some of the problems related to their counterparts in humans. Front Matter....Pages i-ix Animal Models for Tumors of the Ovary and Uterus....Pages 1-25 Spontaneous Tumors of the Uterus and Ovaries in Animals....Pages 26-65 Back Matter....Pages 66-70