Animal, Plant, and Microbial Toxins : Volume 2 Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Immunology

During the past two decades, research on animal, plant, and microbial toxins has expanded rapidly, and new and exciting information has appeared to clarify both the clinical and therapeutic aspects of intoxication and, even more impor­ tant, to help us understand more exactly the structure and the mode of action of toxins on a molecular basis. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of toxin research, it is of vital impor­ tance that workers specializing in its different aspects should make a particular effort to exchange and keep up with new developments in this rapidly-expanding field. This has been one of the main purposes of the series of international meetings that have been held over the past ten years. The increasing interest in the results of toxin research can be explained partly by the growing general preoccupation with pollution and its toxic effects, which means that more anq more specialists in other fields are finding it necessary to keep in touch with current research into naturally occurring toxins. The papers in these volumes were presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins, organized by the Inter­ national Society on Toxicology, held in Tokyo in September, 1974. The editors have decided to include both original reports and review articles, arranged according to disciplines. Editing has been kept to the minimum necessary for adequate comprehension of the materials. Front Matter....Pages i-xxv The Isolation, Properties, and Amino Acid Sequence of Laticauda semifasciata III, a Weak and Reversible Neurotoxin of a Sea Snake, Laticauda semifasciata , Venom....Pages 1-14 Structural Studies of the Toxic Components from Naja naja oxiana Venom....Pages 15-25 Structural Nature of Presynaptic Neurotoxins from the Venoms of the Australian Tiger Snake, Notechis scutatus scutatus , and the Taipan Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus ....Pages 27-45 Isolation and Amino Acid Sequence of Proteinase Inhibitors from the Venoms of Hemachatus haemachatus and Naja nivea ....Pages 47-63 Complete Amino Acid Sequence of Snake Venom Phospholipase A 2 ....Pages 65-77 Recent Results on the Structure of Scorpion and Snake Toxins....Pages 79-87 Chemical Synthesis of a Peptide with Cobrotoxin Activity....Pages 89-92 Synthetic Studies of α-Bungarotoxin....Pages 93-104 Occurrence of Thr 6 -Bradykinin and Its Analogous Peptide in the Venom of Polistes rothneyi iwatai ....Pages 105-112 Vespula Kinins: New Carbohydrate-Containing Bradykinin Analogues....Pages 113-121 Structure and Function of Ricin D....Pages 123-130 The Amino Acid Sequence of the Staphylococcal Enterotoxins....Pages 131-135 Production, Isolation, Chemistry, and Biological Properties of Penicillium roqueforti Toxin....Pages 137-144 Structure of a Toxic Phospholipid in the Northern Blenny Roe....Pages 145-151 Ambrosic Acid, a New Irritant Principle from the Pollen of the Ragweed Ambrosia arthemisiifolia ....Pages 153-159 Activity of Selected Sea Snake Venoms on the Isolated Nerve-Diaphragm Preparation....Pages 161-168 A Fluorescent Study of the Neurotoxic Effect of Cobrotoxin on the Cholinergic Reaction of Acetylcholine with Synaptic Membranes....Pages 169-178 Blocking Action of Snake Venom Neurotoxins at Receptor Sites to Putative Central Nervous System Transmitters....Pages 179-191 Species Differences in Reversibility of Neuromuscular Blockade by Elapid and Sea Snake Neurotoxins....Pages 193-204 Comparison of Actions of Cobra Cardiotoxin and Scorpion Toxin on the Chick Biventer Cervicis Muscle....Pages 205-215 Enhancement of the Cobra Venom Direct Lytic Factor by Prostaglandins and Related Synergistic Phenomena on Pulmonary Microvascular Events....Pages 217-227 Bacterial and Snake Venom Phospholipases: Enzymatic Probes in the Study of Structure and Function in Bioelectrically Excitable Tissues....Pages 229-262 Pharmacological Studies of the Hemorrhagic Principles Isolated from the Venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis , a Crotalid....Pages 263-272 Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Tityustoxin....Pages 273-285 Pharmacological Blockade of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Effects Produced by Tityustoxin in the Rat....Pages 287-298 Mode of Action and Specificity of Habrobracon Venom (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)....Pages 299-307 Effect of Hornet Venom on Crustacean Neuromuscular Junctions....Pages 309-318 New Pharmacobiochemical Data on the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Bee Venom....Pages 319-336 Some Chemical and Pharmacological Studies on Two Venomous Jellyfish....Pages 337-350 Glycine, Theophylline, and Antitoxin Effects on Rabbit Sphincter Pupillae Muscle Paralyzed by Tetanus Toxin....Pages 351-362 The Effects of Tetanus Toxin on the Extensor and Flexor Muscles of the Hind Leg of the Cat....Pages 363-378 Some Pharmacological Properties of Palythoatoxin Isolated from the Zoanthid, Palythoa tuberculosa ....Pages 379-394 Pharmacological Studies on Surugatoxin, the Toxic Principle from the Japanese Ivory Mollusk, Babylonia japonica ....Pages 395-402 Immunological Aspects of Venom of Sea Snakes from the Indo-Pacific....Pages 403-406 Some News and Comments about a Rational and Efficient Antivenomous Serotherapy....Pages 407-420 Immunological Properties of Two Proteins of Naja nigricollis Venom....Pages 421-430 Relationship between the Amount of Habu Toxoid Injected into the Monkey and the Resulting Antitoxin Titer in the Circulation....Pages 431-438 Epidemiological Study of Habu Bites on the Amami and Okinawa Islands of Japan....Pages 439-450 Snake Bites in India....Pages 451-460 Snake Venom Poisoning in the United States....Pages 461-465 Unusual Complication of Snake Bite: Hypopituitarism after Viper Bites....Pages 467-473 Neostigmine in the Treatment of Elapidae Bites....Pages 475-481 Renal Involvement in Snakebite....Pages 483-495 Anticoagulation in Hemorrhagic Snake Venom Poisoning....Pages 497-506 The Action of Tityus trinitatis Venom on the Canine Pancreas....Pages 507-514 Ecology and Distribution of Some Sea Snakes in Peninsular Malaysia....Pages 515-520 Submicroscopic Organization of the Venom Gland of Vespa orientalis ....Pages 521-532 Tetrodotoxin: Rapid Release of a High Concentration from Skin of the Atlantic Puffer, Spheroides nephelus ....Pages 533-546 Histopathological Changes in the Liver of Fishes Resulting from Exposure to Dieldrin and Lindane....Pages 547-552 Back Matter....Pages 553-562