Angular correlations in nuclear disintegration. Proceedings of the International Conference on Angular Correlations in Nuclear Disintegration, Delft, the Netherlands, August 17-22, 1970

In 1969 we feit that the subject of angular correlations in nuclear disintegrat­ ion had received little special attention at international conferences. It is true that perturbed angular correlations had been discussed at a smalI, highly - specialised meeting at Uppsala in 1963 and that in 1967 certain aspects of perturbed angular correlations had been considered at a conference on hyperfine structure at Asilomar. However, both conferences were very limited in scope from the point of view of a low - energy nuclear physicist. Besides, since these conferences were being held, the field of perturbed ?ngular correlations had received new impetus from the still ex­ panding application of the implantation of radioactive isotopes in suitable environ­ ments, from the construction of large superconductive magnets, etc. Meanwhile, the technique of measuring correlations between beta particles and circularly polarized gamma rays had been developed to such a degree that they lent themselves to the in­ vestigation of beta decay, nuclear structure and charge dependence of nuclear forces. The systematic study of heavy elements had increased the import an ce of alpha-gamma angular correlations which present their own specific problems. Theoretical internal conversion data had become available to such an extent that electron -gamma direct­ ional correlations became an important tool in the investigation of nuclear structure: in a large number of cases it is more advantageous to study electron -gamma corre­ lations instead of the commonly measured gamma -gamma directional correlations. Front Matter....Pages I-XVIII Angular Distributions and Correlations of Nuclear Radiations in Nuclear Spectroscopy....Pages 1-26 Means of Increasing the Accuracy in Angular Correlation Measurements....Pages 27-66 Intrasource Scattering and Absorption Effects on γ-γ Angular Correlation Measurements....Pages 66-70 A Fiftysix Channel Goniometer....Pages 70-74 Computer — Controlled 70 — In. Chamber....Pages 74-77 The Influence of after Effects on Angular Correlation Measurements....Pages 78-97 A Time — Differential Study of after-Effects in the Decay of 197m Hg....Pages 97-98 Effects of Electron Shell Recovery and Relaxation Measured by PAC with Short — Lived Nuclear States of the Rare Earth Isotopes....Pages 99-102 Problems Connected with the Theory and Measurement of α-γ — Angular Correlation....Pages 103-109 Perturbed Alpha — Gamma Angular Correlations in the Decay of 241,243 Am....Pages 109-115 Alpha — Gamma Linear Polarization Measurements in the Decay of 223 Ra → 219 Rn....Pages 115-119 Conversion Electron Correlations in Nuclear Structure Research....Pages 120-156 Effect of Multiple Scattering of Electrons on e − — γ Directional Correlations....Pages 156-158 Directional Correlation Measurements on the Decay of 176 Ta....Pages 159-162 Some Aspects of Directional Correlation Measurements in 152 Sm....Pages 162-166 E0 — Contribution to the 689K-122 γ Angular Correlation in 152 Sm....Pages 166-168 Electron — Gamma Angular Correlations of the 208 – 113 keV Cascade in 177 Hf....Pages 168-173 Nuclear Penetration Effects in the 92 keV Transition in 131 Cs....Pages 173-176 The Influence of Nuclear Structure on the Particle Parameters for Angular Correlations Involving Conversion Electrons and on Internal Conversion Coefficients....Pages 176-180 E2 — M1 Admixtures in Transitions in Deformed and Transitional Even — Even Nuclei....Pages 181-223 Determination of Mixing Ratios in 27 Mg by γ-γ Angular Correlation Measurements with a Multi — Counter Goniometer....Pages 224-226 Studies of the Properties of 29 P Levels....Pages 226-229 Determination of the Mixing Ratio in the Decay of the Long — Lived 1.612 MeV Level in 37 Ar....Pages 229-231 863.6 – 810.6 keV γ - γ Directional Correlation in 58 Fe....Pages 231-235 Angular Distribution Measurements in the (γ,γ’) Reaction on Various Isotopes....Pages 235-239 Gamma — Gamma Directional Correlation Measurements in 124 Te....Pages 239-242 Determination of E2/M1 — Mixing Parameters for Collective Transitions in Deformed Nuclei....Pages 242-245 γ — γ Directional Correlations of the 1079–89 and 2089–89 keV Cascades in 156 Gd....Pages 245-247 M1 — E2 Admixtures in Transitions from Beta- and Gamma Levels in 152 Sm....Pages 247-250 The M2/E1 Mixing Ratio for the Anomalous ΔK = 1 71.6 keV Transition in 177 Hf....Pages 251-252 Measurement of the E2/M1 Amplitude Ratios of Gamma Transitions in the Even — Even Isotopes of Os and Pt....Pages 253-256 Low — Lying Level Structure of 198 Hg and 200 Hg....Pages 256-261 Tables and Graphs for the Analysis of (1 – 3) γ — γ Directional Correlations....Pages 261-267 KX — Ray — γ — Directional Correlations in the Decay of 54 Mn, 65 Zn, 75 Se and 85 Sr....Pages 267-270 Potential of γ — γ — γ Triple Directional Correlation Studies in Radioactive Decay....Pages 270-274 Determination of First Forbidden Beta Matrix Elements from Angular Correlation Data....Pages 275-286 β — γ (CP) Correlation Measurements in Allowed Transitions....Pages 287-311 Beta Matrix Elements for Some First Forbidden Decays from Angular Correlations....Pages 311-315 βγ Angular Correlation Measurements on First Forbidden β — Transitions....Pages 315-318 Influence of Linear Polarization on the Measurement of Circular Polarized γ — Rays....Pages 319-321 β — γ (CP) — Asymmetry Coefficients in Allowed Isospin Forbidden Transitions....Pages 321-326 Review of All Quadrupole Moments Measured by Coulomb Excitation....Pages 327-335 The Study of the Neutron — Proton Correlation in the Disintegration of the Deuteron....Pages 335-338 A Survey of Correlation Experiments Testing Parity and Time Reversal and a Discussion of Recent Parity Tests....Pages 339-354 The Weak Parity — Violating Nucleon — Nucleon Potential....Pages 354-357 Angular Correlation Tests of Time Reversal Invariance....Pages 358-374 Interference Phenomena in Perturbed Angular Correlations (Theory of Time — Independent Interactions)....Pages 375-393 Angular Correlations Perturbed by Dynamic Interactions with the Environment....Pages 394-426 Theoretical Aspects of Quadrupole Perturbations on Time — Integrated Angular Correlations....Pages 426-440 A Geometry for Obtaining Unperturbed Angular Correlations in the Presence of Electric Field Gradients....Pages 440-443 Results from Observed Resonances in Perturbed Angular Correlations due to Crossing Hyperfine Levels....Pages 444-448 Perturbed Angular Correlations in Paramagnetic Single Crystals of Rare — Earth Ethylsulfates....Pages 448-450 Effects of PAC on Half — Life Measurements....Pages 451-454 Implantation Perturbed Angular Correlation Techniques in Ferromagnetic and Non — Ferromagnetic Materials....Pages 455-486 Perturbed Angular Correlations with Implanted Sources....Pages 487-509 Interdependence of Mössbauer Effect and γ — γ Angular Correlation in 119m Sn....Pages 510-513 Time Differential Studies of 166 Er in Copper....Pages 513-516 Paramagnetic Relaxation for Erbium in Copper....Pages 516-518 Hyperfine Interactions of 161 Dy Nuclei Implanted in Iron....Pages 519-522 On the Theory of Magnetic Moments: Rotational Nuclei....Pages 523-530 On the Theory of Magnetic Dipole Moments of Spherical and Transitional Nuclei....Pages 531-536 Shell Model Calculations of Magnetic Dipole and Electric Quadrupole Moments and γ-Ray Mixing Ratios....Pages 537-542 Magnetic Moments for the 265 keV and 280 keV Levels in 75 As....Pages 543-547 Magnetic Moment of the Lowest 2 + Vibrational State in 102 Ru....Pages 547-549 Magnetic Moment and Half — Life of the First Excited State in 134 Cs....Pages 549-552 Anomalous Orbital Magnetism of the Proton Deduced from the Magnetic Moment of the 11 − State of 210 Po....Pages 552-556 Stroboscopic Determination of the Magnetic Moment of the 8 + Isomeric State in 208 Po....Pages 557-560 Magnetic Moment of the (g 9/2 2 ) 8 + State in 90 Zr....Pages 561-563 Magnetic Moments and Lifetimes of A (3 + ) – 273 keV Level in 74 as and the 1 + – 45 keV Level in 76 As....Pages 564-568 The g — Factor of the 7/2− Level at 1.611 MeV in 37 Ar....Pages 569-571 The Perturbed Angular Correlations for the (596 – 42) keV Cascade in 62 Cu....Pages 571-575 Spectroscopic Study of 125 Te....Pages 575-576 Quadrupole Interactions and Quadrupole Moments....Pages 577-599 Observation of the Quadrupole Interaction at Ta in Zr by Time - Differential Perturbed Angular Correlation Technique....Pages 600-603 The Quadrupole Moment of 133 La and Shape Isomerism....Pages 604-606 Large Superconductive Magnets for the Application in the Field of Perturbed Angular Correlations....Pages 607-617 Summary Angular Correlations in Nuclear Disintegrations....Pages 618-626 Appendix I Some Tables for the Analysis of (1–3) γ - γ Directional Correlations....Pages 627-636 In 1969 we feit that the subject of angular correlations in nuclear disintegratƯ ion had received little special attention at international conferences. It is true that perturbed angular correlations had been discussed at a smalI, highly - specialised meeting at Uppsala in 1963 and that in 1967 certain aspects of perturbed angular correlations had been considered at a conference on hyperfine structure at Asilomar. However, both conferences were very limited in scope from the point of view of a low - energy nuclear physicist. Besides, since these conferences were being held, the field of perturbed?ngular correlations had received new impetus from the still exƯ panding application of the implantation of radioactive isotopes in suitable environƯ ments, from the construction of large superconductive magnets, etc. Meanwhile, the technique of measuring correlations between beta particles and circularly polarized gamma rays had been developed to such a degree that they lent themselves to the inƯ vestigation of beta decay, nuclear structure and charge dependence of nuclear forces. The systematic study of heavy elements had increased the import an ce of alpha-gamma angular correlations which present their own specific problems. Theoretical internal conversion data had become available to such an extent that electron -gamma directƯ ional correlations became an important tool in the investigation of nuclear structure: in a large number of cases it is more advantageous to study electron -gamma correƯ lations instead of the commonly measured gamma -gamma directional correlations