Anesthesia, Pain, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine -- A. P. I. C. E.: Proceeding of the 14th Postgraduate Course in Critical Care Medicine Trieste, Italy -- November 16-19 1999

The end of the second millenium is distinguished for the increasing interest in the field of critical care medicine, not only among physicians and clinical scientists but also on the part of the mass media. This is an interdisciplinary area of medicine drawing upon the specialties of anesthesiology, internal medicine and surgery, and relying upon the essential contributions and support from basic research. Advances in critical care medicine depend on the application of new technologies to the clinic, the full integration of computers and informatics, the continual training of physicians and technicians, and the consideration of ethical issues in the clinical setting. Within this complex panorama of complementary approaches and viewpoints, it is apparent that critical care medicine is one of the best examples of evidence-based medicine. Front Matter....Pages II-XIX Front Matter....Pages 21-21 Principles of Laboratory Research on Respiratory Mechanics....Pages 23-34 Has ARDS Epidemiology Changed in the Last 30 Years?....Pages 109-112 Mechanism of ARDS....Pages 113-120 Dynamics of Recruitment and Collapse of the Lung in Models of ARDS....Pages 121-124 Regional Lung Blood Flow and Inhalation of Nitric Oxide....Pages 125-129 Mechanisms and Detection of Tidal Expiratory Flow Limitation....Pages 133-138 Clinical Consequences of the Airflow Limitation....Pages 139-145 Mechanisms of Intrinsic PEEP....Pages 147-151 Static and Dynamic Intrinsic PEEP and Respiratory Mechanics in Mechanically Ventilated COPD Patients....Pages 153-159 Respiratory Rehabilitation....Pages 161-169 Static and Dynamic Pressure — Volume Curves....Pages 37-42 Lung Function Evaluation by Capnography....Pages 43-55 Clinical Implications of the Mechanical Effects of Heat and Moisture Exchangers....Pages 57-61 Pulmonary Hypertension in ARDS: Management Strategies....Pages 65-68 Focus on Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Thromboembolic Disease....Pages 69-76 Rationale for Exogenous Surfactant in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome....Pages 79-84 Surfactant in the Airways: Function and Relevance in Asthma....Pages 85-90 Alveolar Surfactant and Inflammatory Mediators....Pages 91-99 Role of Surfactant in Ventilation-Induced Lung Injury....Pages 101-106 Front Matter....Pages 171-171 Clinical Biochemistry of N 2 O: Recent Advances....Pages 173-177 Front Matter....Pages 171-171 How to Set Up Acute Pain Services....Pages 333-345 New Insights into Mechanical Ventilation During Paediatric Anaesthesia....Pages 235-249 Perioperative Management Strategy for Cardiac Surgery in Pediatric Patients....Pages 251-262 Patient-Assessment in the Postanaesthesia Care Unit (PACU)....Pages 327-330 Anaesthetic Management of Obstetric Emergencies....Pages 265-270 Neonatal Resuscitation....Pages 271-278 Preoperative Cardiovascular Assessment....Pages 281-290 Perioperative Hemodynamic Monitoring: Invasive Vs. Non-Invasive....Pages 291-299 Extracorporeal Circulation: Prevention and Management of Complications....Pages 301-310 Beta Blockers and General Anesthesia: Prevention of Myocardial Ischemia....Pages 311-316 Heart and Electrolytes....Pages 317-324 Anticholinergics: Towards Selective Antimuscarinic Agents?....Pages 179-184 Evolution of the Use of Anaesthetic Drugs: Neuromuscular Blocking Agents....Pages 185-189 Working Mechanisms of Anaesthetic Agents....Pages 191-197 Fast-Track Anesthesia in Cardiac Surgery and Postoperative Care....Pages 201-209 Fast-Track Program for Abdominal Surgery....Pages 211-218 Fast-Track Anaesthesia and Postoperative Care: Orthopaedic Surgery....Pages 219-224 Failure to Regain Consciousness After Anesthesia....Pages 225-232 Front Matter....Pages 347-347 Neural Development in the CNS: Biochemical Mechanisms of Cell Fate Determination....Pages 349-368 Cellular Mechanisms of Brain Damage....Pages 369-376 Front Matter....Pages 347-347 Repair Mechanisms in the CNS....Pages 377-385 Stroke in the Young: Epidemiology....Pages 389-399 Pathogenesis of Stroke in Young Adults....Pages 401-407 Front Matter....Pages 409-409 Update on Trauma Scoring....Pages 411-416 Trauma Management: From the Field to the Emergency Department....Pages 417-425 Intensive Care for Trauma Patients: The First 24 Hours....Pages 427-437 Intensive Treatment of the Patient with Hepatic Trauma....Pages 439-448 Mistakes in the Management of Trauma Patients....Pages 449-454 Integrated Intensive Care Management of Severe Head Injury....Pages 457-466 Front Matter....Pages 467-467 Organ Transplantation and Metabolism....Pages 469-475 Clinical Aspects of Nutrition in Acute Renal Failure....Pages 477-488 The Tricks and Traps of Enteral Nutrition....Pages 489-497 Update on CRRT Therapy....Pages 499-506 Haemofiltration in Neonates....Pages 507-513 Front Matter....Pages 515-515 Use, Abuse and Misuse of Drugs in the ICU: Muscle Relaxants....Pages 517-522 Use of Corticosteroids in the Severely Ill Patient....Pages 523-531 Front Matter....Pages 533-533 On Field Resuscitation....Pages 535-541 The Chain of Survival: Focus on Early Defibrillation....Pages 543-548 Front Matter....Pages 549-549 Evidence-Based Medicine in the ICU....Pages 551-556 The Performance of an ICU....Pages 557-565 Front Matter....Pages 549-549 Care of Dying Patients in ICU....Pages 567-571 Cost-Effectiveness in the ICU....Pages 573-578 Back Matter....Pages 579-585