Anelasticity in the earth : [final report (Part A) of working group 5: Properties and processes of the earth's interior

About The Product Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geodynamics Series . The fact that the materials in the solid parts of the Earth depart from perfectly elastic behaviour is now central to fundamental geophysical studies. Slow deformation (creep) by the processes of mantle convection has been widely recognised for about 25 years; it has been realised for much longer that seismic waves are attenuated but more recently there has developed a general if vague awareness of a probable correlation between high attenuation and low resistance to creep and in the last few years seismic attenuation has received much greater attention because it implies a first order dispersion of body waves (frequency dependence of elasticity). Content: Title......Page 3 Copyright......Page 4 Contents......Page 5 Foreword......Page 6 Preface......Page 8 I. Introduction......Page 9 II. d. Estimates of r o and E * for Olivine......Page 11 III. Calculation of Creep of Olivine......Page 12 IV. b. Dislocation Damping......Page 13 Acknowledgments......Page 14 References......Page 15 1. Introduction......Page 16 2. Theoretical Considerations......Page 17 Experimental Results......Page 21 References......Page 24 Introduction......Page 26 Data Analysis......Page 28 Results and Discussion......Page 35 Conclusion......Page 38 References......Page 39 The Analysis of Surface Wave Attenuation -- 50 to 300 Seconds......Page 41 Normal Mode Data......Page 43 Data Space Inversion......Page 46 Inversion Procedure......Page 49 Conclusion......Page 53 References......Page 54 Introduction......Page 56 Method and Data......Page 57 Results......Page 58 References......Page 59 Introduction......Page 60 Linear visco-elastic constitutive relations......Page 62 Postglacial rebound and transient rheology......Page 65 The free air gravity anomaly as a constrainton deep mantle viscosity......Page 67 Mantle Viscosity and Convection......Page 73 Conclusions......Page 74 References......Page 76 Introduction......Page 79 Instrument......Page 80 Discussion......Page 82 References......Page 83 2. The Rotating Cantilever Method of Measuring Q......Page 84 4. Conclusions......Page 85 References......Page 86 Internal friction in solids : phenomenological description and experimental methods......Page 87 Internal friction data and microscopic mechanisms of attenuation in solids......Page 89 Dislocation and anelastic propertiesof the upper mantle......Page 91 References......Page 94 Introduction......Page 96 Experimental Procedures......Page 97 Comparison With Oxygen Diffusion and With Creep Data ......Page 98 References......Page 100 Introduction......Page 102 Experimental Details......Page 103 References......Page 107 Introduction......Page 109 Failure Criterion......Page 110 Discussion......Page 112 References......Page 113 2. The olivine-spinel phase transition......Page 114 3. Transformation plasticity......Page 116 References......Page 117 Method......Page 119 Results and Discussion......Page 121 Summary and Conclusions......Page 122 References......Page 123 The Physics Of Creep And Attenuation In The Mantle / D.l. Anderson And J.b. Minster -- Linear Viscoelastic Behaviour In Rocks / B.j. Brennan -- Differential Attenuation Coefficients For Rayleigh Waves : A New Constraint On Q-models / M. Cara -- Q−1 Models From Data Space Inversion Of Fundamental Spheroidal Mode Attenuation Measurements / S. Stein, J.m. Mills Jr., And R.j. Geller -- Q[subscript S] Of The Lower Mantle -- A Body Wave Determination / I.s. Sacks -- The Viscosities Of The Earth's Mantle / W.r. Peltier, P. Wu, And D.a. Yuen -- Rock Mass Characterisation By Velocity And Q Measurement With Ultrasonics / G.p. Stacey And M.t. Gladwin -- Frequency Dependence Of Q For Rock Stressed Near The Breaking Point / G.j. Turner And F.d. Stacey -- Attenuation Mechanisms And Anelasticity In The Upper Mantle / Y. Gueguen, J. Woirgard, And M. Darot -- Silicon Diffusion In Forsterite : A New Constraint For Understanding Mantle Deformation / O. Jaoul [and Others] -- Effect Of Oxygen Partial Pressure On The Creep Of Olivine / D.l. Kohlstedt And P. Hornack -- The Influence Of Strain Rate And Moisture Content On Rock Failure / H. Spetzler, C. Sondergeld, And I.c. Getting -- Martensitic Olivine-spinel Transformation And Plasticity Of The Mantle Transition Zone / J.p. Poirier -- Ultrasonic Velocity And Attenuation In Basalt Melt / M.h. Manghnani [and Others]. Edited By F.d. Stacey, M.s. Paterson, A. Nicolas. Includes Bibliographies. About The ProductPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the __Geodynamics Series__. The fact that the materials in the solid parts of the Earth depart from perfectly elastic behaviour is now central to fundamental geophysical studies. Slow deformation (creep) by the processes of mantle convection has been widely recognised for about 25 years; it has been realised for much longer that seismic waves are attenuated but more recently there has developed a general if vague awareness of a probable correlation between high attenuation and low resistance to creep and in the last few years seismic attenuation has received much greater attention because it implies a first order dispersion of body waves (frequency dependence of elasticity). Content: