Androgen Excess Disorders in Women: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Other Disorders (Contemporary Endocrinology)

The field of androgen excess disorders has advanced substantially since the original publication of this book. The Androgen Excess Society (AES) was founded to bring together investigators in the field. A better understanding of the screening, progression, and molecular genetics of nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) has improved the clinical care and diagnostic accuracy of these patients. New criteria for the diagnosis of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were proposed in Rotterdam, criteria that have resulted in controversy and, hopefully, initiation of new studies. The association of insulin resistance with PCOS has been strengthened, and the role of metformin in tre- ing the infertility of the PCOS has been validated. Risks for diabetes and, more cont- versially, cardiovascular disease in women with PCOS have received substantial investigation. Our understanding of the epidemiology and economic impact of these disorders has expanded, emphasizing their critical importance. These are but a few highlights of how the terrain has changed in a relatively brief period of time. In keeping with these advances, the title of this book has been revised to reflect the growing importance of PCOS as the most prevalent androgen excess disorder in women, and arguably, as the one that might have the most serious adverse consequences for general health. There are fewer chapters to provide a more focused elucidation of the area. Several chapters were penned by new (and young) authors who are conducting cutting-edge research in the field. This Thoroughly Revised And Comprehensive Edition Of A Highly Praised Classic, Androgen Excess Disorders In Women Covers The Growing Importance Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (pcos) As The Most Prevalent Androgen Excess Disorder In Women. This Volume Addresses The Latest Research Findings On The Etiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Genetics, And Consequences Of Androgen Excess Disorders In Women, Including Pcos, Nonclassic Adrenal Hyperplasia, Androgen-secreting Tumors, Severe Insulin-resistant Hyperandrogenic Syndromes, And Rarer Causes Of Androgen Excess And Hirsutism. Full Consideration Is Given To The Long-term Consequences Of Androgen Excess And Pcos, Including Endometrial Hyperplasia And Carcinoma, Infertility, Cardiovascular And Lipoprotein Abnormalities, Osteoporosis, Obesity And Glucose Intolerance, And Psychosocial Problems. In Addition, Detailed Information On The Methods Now Available For Diagnosis And Treatment Of These Disorders Are Extensively Reviewed. Cutting-edge And Timely, The Second Edition Of Androgen Excess Disorders In Women: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome And Other Disorders Serves As An Indispensable Guide And Resource For Clinicians And Researchers Alike In The Care And Study Of Women With Androgen Excess Disorders. A Brief History Of Androgen Excess / Ricardo Azziz -- Ovarian And Adrenal Androgen Biosynthesis And Metabolism / Walter L. Miller, David H. Geller, And Mitchell Rosen -- Androgens Throughout The Life Of Women / C. Richard Parker, Jr. -- Physiological Effects Of Androgens In Women / T. Keta Hodgson And Glenn D. Braunstein -- Androgen Measurements: Methods, Interpretation, And Limitations / Frank Z. Stanczyk -- Androgen-secreting Adrenal And Ovarian Neoplasms / Michel Pugeat ... [et Al.] -- Cushing's Syndrome, Acromegaly, And Androgen Excess / Anne-céline Reyss And Didier Dewailly -- The Nonclassic Adrenal Hyperplasias / Didier Dewailly And Ricardo Azziz -- Pregnancy-related Androgen Excess / Howard D. Mcclamrock -- Drug-induced Hyperandrogenism / Barbara Neraud And Didier Dewailly -- Severe Insulin-resistant Hyperandrogenic Syndromes / David E. Moller, Antonio Vidal-puig, And Ricardo Azziz -- Idiopathic Hirutism / Enrico Carmina -- Definition And Epidemiology Of The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Ricardo Azziz -- Clinical Features Of The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Walter Futterweit, Evanthia Diamanti-kandarakis, And Ricardo Azziz -- Biochemical Features Of The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Adam H. Balen -- Ovarian Histology, Morphology, And Ultrasonography In The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Sophie Jonard ... [et Al.] -- Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadtrophic Dysfunction In The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / R. Jeffrey Chang And Rinku V. Mehta -- Ovarian Steroidogenic Abnormalities In The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Denis A. Magoffin -- Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Dysfunction In The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Bulent O. Yildiz, Enrico Carmina, And Ricardo Azziz -- The Genetic Basis Of The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Mark O. Goodarzi -- Pediatric Hyperandrogenism And The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome In Adolescence / Kathleen M. Hoeger -- Environmental Factors In The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Marie-france Hivert And Jean-patrice Baillargeon -- Animal Models And Fetal Programming Of The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / David H. Abbott ... [et Al.] -- Insulin Resistance And Hyperinsulinism In The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Paulina A. Essah And John E. Nestler -- The Endocrine Impact Of Obesity And Body Habitus In The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Renato Pasquali And Alessandra Gambineri -- Molecular Mechanisms Of Insulin Resistance In The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Theodore P. Ciaraldi -- Menstrual Dysfunction And Endometrial Neoplasia In The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Abdulkadir Wagley And Paul Hardiman -- Beta-cell Dysfunction, Glucose Intolerance, And Diabetes In The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / David A. Ehrmann -- Hypertension And Cardiovascular And Lipoprotein Abnormalities In The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Francesco Orio And Stefano Palomba -- Reproductive And Obstetrical Consequences Of The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Mary C. Johnson And Richard S. Legro -- Psychosocial And Quality-of-life Consequences Of Androgen Excess And The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Onno E. Janssen, Susanne Hahn, And Sigrid Elsenbruch -- Overview Of Long-term Morbidity And Economic Cost Of The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Ricardo Azziz -- Clinical And Hormonal Evaluation Of Androgen Excess / Ricardo Azziz -- Ovarian Suppression And Treatment Of Hirsutism / Paolo Moghetti -- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome And Ovulation Induction / Bulent O. Yildiz And Ricardo Azziz -- In Vitro Fertilization For The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Hanadi Ba-akdah ... [et Al.] -- Surgical Management Of The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Adam H. Balen -- Use Of Insulin Sensitizers In The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Kai I. Cheang And John E. Nestler -- Weight Reduction And Lifestyle Modification In The Treatment Of Androgen Excess / Manny Noakes ... [et Al.]. Edited By Ricardo Azziz, John E. Nestler, Didier Dewailly. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. The Extraordinary Diversity Of Bacterial Protein Secretion Mechanisms / I.b. Holland -- In Vitro And In Vivo Approaches To Studying The Bacterial Signal Peptide Processing / P. Wang And R.e. Dalbey -- Membrane Insertion Of Small Proteins / A. Kuhn, N. Stiegler And A.k. Schubert -- Membrane Protein Insertion In E. Coli / J. Yuan, R.e. Dalbey And A. Kuhn -- Study Of Polytopic Membrane Protein Topological Organization As A Function Of Membrane Lipid Composition / M. Bogdanov, P.n. Heacock And W. Dowhan -- In Vivo Analysis Of Protein Translocation To The Escherichia Coli Periplasm / D. Belin -- Sorting Of Bacterial Lipoproteins To The Outer Membrane By The Lol System / S. Narita And H. Tokuda -- Purification And Functional Reconstitution Of The Bacterial Protein Translocation Pore, The Secyeg Complex / I. Kusters [and Others] -- Reconstitution Of The Secy Translocon In Nanodiscs / K. Dalal And F. Duong --^ In Vitro Assays To Analyze Translocation Of The Model Secretory Preprotein Alkaline Phosphatase / G. Gouridis [and Others] -- Characterization Of Interactions Between Proteins Using Site-directed Spin Labeling And Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / J.m. Crane, A.a. Lilly And L.l. Randall -- Analysis Of Tat Targeting Function And Twin-arginine Signal Peptide Activity In Escherichia Coli / T. Palmer, B.c. Berks And F. Sargent -- Site-specific Cross-linking Of In Vitro Synthesized E. Coli Preproteins For Investigating Transmembrane Translocation Pathways / S. Panahandeh And M. Muller -- Tracking The Secretion Of Fluorescently Labeled Type Iii Effectors From Single Bacteria In Real Time / N. Simpson, L. Audry And J. Enninga -- Comparative Analysis Of Cytoplasmic Membrane Proteomes Of Escherichia Coli Using 2d Blue Native/sds-page / S. Schlegel [and Others] -- Using Hidden Markov Models To Discover New Protein Transport Machines / V.a. Likic [and Others] --^ Bioinformatics Predictions Of Localization And Targeting / S. Rastogi And B. Rost -- The Chloroplast Protein Import Machinery: A Review / P. Strittmatter, J. Soll And B. Bolter -- Measurement Of The Energetics Of Protein Transport Across The Chloroplast Thylakoid Membrane / S.m. Theg -- In Vitro Dissection Of Protein Translocation Into The Mammalian Endoplasmic Reticulum / A. Sharma [and Others] -- In Vitro Reconstitution Of The Selection, Ubiquitination, And Membrane Extraction Of A Polytopic Erad Substrate / K. Nakatsukasa And J.l. Brodsky -- Studying The Arfgap-dependent Conformational Changes In Snares / F. Rodriguez And A. Spang -- Studying Endoplasmic Reticulum Function In Vitro Using Sirna / C.m. Wilson And S. High -- High-quality Immunofluorescence Of Cultured Cells / D. Bhattacharyya, A.t. Hammond And B.s. Glick --^ Trapping Oxidative Folding Intermediates During Translocation To The Intermembrane Space Of Mitochondria: In Vivo And In Vitro Studies / D.p. Sideris And K. Tokatlidis -- Native Techniques For Analysis Of Mitochondrial Protein Import / F.n. Vogtle [and Others]. Edited By Anastassios Economou. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Over the past thirty years, many elegant genetic and biochemical approaches have been combined in order to advance the study of protein secretion and the necessary navigation through cell membranes, yet, despite this progress, less than two hundred membrane protein structures are known, nowhere near the complete inventory that the discovered protein export systems suggest. In Protein Secretion: Methods and Protocols, leading experts in the field provide robust, well-established protocols to elucidate the multiplicity of tools that have been developed to study protein sorting, membrane targeting, transmembrane crossing, and secretion across multiple membranes. With examples involving both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, the volume covers subjects ranging from bioinformatics and proteomics to fundamental enzymology and genetics to cell biology, structural analyses, and biophysics. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the key materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and detailed notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Comprehensive and dependable, Protein Secretion: Methods and Protocols focuses on well-characterized paradigms so that scientists studying a vast array of subjects from biochemistry and genetics to biotechnology and biopharmaceuticals can benefit and expand upon their vital research. Over the past thirty years, many elegant genetic and biochemical approaches have been combined in order to advance the study of protein secretion and the necessary navigation through cell membranes, yet, despite this progress, less than two hundred membrane protein structures are known, nowhere near the complete inventory that the discovered protein export systems suggest. In Protein Secretion: Methods and Protocols, leading experts in the field provide robust, well-established protocols to elucidate the multiplicity of tools that have been developed to study protein sorting, membrane targeting, transmembrane crossing, and secretion across multiple membranes. With examples involving both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, the volume covers subjects ranging from bioinformatics and proteomics to fundamental enzymology and genetics to cell biology, structural analyses, and biophysics. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the key materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and detailed notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and dependable, Protein Secretion: Methods and Protocols focuses on well-characterized paradigms so that scientists studying a vast array of subjects from biochemistry and genetics to biotechnology and biopharmaceuticals can benefit and expand upon their vital research 520 This thoroughly revised and comprehensive edition of a highly praised classic, Androgen Excess Disorders in Women covers the growing importance of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as the most prevalent androgen excess disorder in women. This volume addresses the latest research findings on the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, genetics, and consequences of androgen excess disorders in women, including PCOS, nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia, androgen-secreting tumors, severe insulin-resistant hyperandrogenic syndromes, and rarer causes of androgen excess and hirsutism. Full consideration is given to the long-term consequences of androgen excess and PCOS, including endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, infertility, cardiovascular and lipoprotein abnormalities, osteoporosis, obesity and glucose intolerance, and psychosocial problems. In addition, detailed information on the methods now available for diagnosis and treatment of these disorders are extensively reviewed. Cutting-edge and timely, the second edition of Androgen Excess Disorders in Women: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Other Disorders serves as an indispensable guide and resource for clinicians and researchers alike in the care and study of women with androgen excess disorders