Anaphylaxis : A Practical Guide

This book serves as a comprehensive but concise, practical, in-depth resource for practitioners who see and treat anaphylaxis. It meets the market need for a reference that relays an advanced understanding of the condition and its management. This unique reference covers management beyond the basics, including discussions around prevention of biphasic anaphylaxis, optimal post-stabilization protocols and how to work up intraoperative anaphylaxis. Additionally, various chapters delve into the practical application of equipping one’s office for the management of anaphylaxis, specifically in the setting of a reaction to a food challenge or immunotherapy injection. __Anaphylaxis: A Practical Guide__ is an essential resource for allergists, emergency room physicians, and pediatricians, and those in training to become members of these specialties. Contents 5 Contributors 6 1: Introduction to Anaphylaxis Essentials 7 Introduction 7 Signs and Symptoms 7 Diagnostic Criteria 8 Epidemiology 8 Pathophysiology 9 Differential Diagnosis 10 Investigations 11 Diagnosis 12 Management 12 Conclusion 14 References 14 2: Early Recognition of Anaphylaxis in High Risk Settings 17 Fatal Anaphylaxis 17 Identifying Those at Risk 19 Low Health Literacy 22 Teenagers 24 Early Recognition of Anaphylaxis 25 Location 26 Hospital Setting 26 Home 28 Restaurants 29 Schools 30 Educating Those at Risk 31 Conclusion 33 References 33 3: Management of Anaphylaxis Refractory to Standard First Line Therapy 35 Definition and Epidemiology 36 Risk Factors 36 Prevention 38 Treatment 38 Traditional Considerations for First-Line Agents 38 Traditional Considerations for Second-Line Agents 39 Intravenous Epinephrine 41 Vasopressors 42 Glucagon 42 Potential Newer Considerations for Second-Line Treatment 43 Methylene Blue 43 Sugammadex 43 Tranexamic Acid 44 Conclusion 44 References 44 4: Biphasic Anaphylaxis: Epidemiology, Predictors, and Management 49 Introduction 49 Epidemiology of Biphasic Anaphylaxis 49 Pathophysiology 57 Clinical Predictors 58 Gaps in Anaphylaxis Management and Post-anaphylaxis Care 60 Implications for Clinical Practice 61 References 62 5: Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis 67 Definition 67 Pathophysiology 67 Clinical Presentation 70 Diagnosis 70 Management 71 Prevention 71 References 71 6: In-Office Preparedness for Anaphylaxis 74 Introduction 74 Emergency Kit/Cart 76 Documentation of Reactions 76 Specific Procedure-Associated Risks 78 Ongoing Training/Education 82 Introduction to Simulation for Anaphylaxis Training 82 Anaphylaxis Simulation Use by Allergists/Immunologists 83 Anaphylaxis Simulation Use by Other Specialists 83 Anaphylaxis Simulation Use by EMS 85 References 85 7: Masqueraders of Anaphylaxis 89 Predominantly Skin Symptoms 90 Urticaria 90 Angioedema 91 Flushing Syndromes 92 Wet Flushing 92 Dry Flushing 93 Predominantly Respiratory Symptoms 94 Asthma 95 Vocal Cord Dysfunction 95 Aspiration 96 Collapse/Altered or Loss of Consciousness 96 Transient Loss of Consciousness 96 Syncope 96 Seizures 97 Shock 97 Predominantly Gastrointestinal Symptoms 98 Abdominal Migraine/Cyclical Vomiting 98 Postprandial Syndromes 98 Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES) 98 Food Poisoning 99 Pollen-Food Allergy Syndrome 99 Postprandial Hypoglycemia 99 Non-organic Conditions 99 Summary 100 References 100 8: Anaphylaxis Education: For Patients, Daycares, Schools, and Colleges 105 Introduction 105 Reactions Often Occur at School 105 Risk Factors 106 Triggers 106 Reducing the Risk of Allergen Exposure 107 Training of Staff at School 107 Safety Measures in Classrooms, Lunchrooms, and Sports Fields 107 Special Populations and Considerations 108 Preparedness and Management of Allergic Reactions 109 Treatment Barriers 110 School Plans and Protections 110 Psychosocial Factors 110 Roles and Responsibilities 111 Importance of Collaboration 111 Caregiver 111 Physician 111 School Nurse 111 School Staff 112 Student 112 Legislation and Guidelines 113 Legislation and Regulations 113 Professional Guidelines 114 Conclusions 114 References 115 9: Advocacy for Anaphylaxis 119 Rationale for Advocacy 119 Health Advocacy 119 Legislative Advocacy 119 General Advocacy Approaches 120 Local 121 Beyond Your Local Community 121 State 122 Federal 123 International 124 Summary 125 References 126 10: Resources for Anaphylaxis 127 Websites 127 Suggested Reading 128 Index 130 Front Matter ....Pages i-vii Introduction to Anaphylaxis Essentials (Shannon French, Anne K. Ellis)....Pages 1-10 Early Recognition of Anaphylaxis in High Risk Settings (David R. Stukus)....Pages 11-28 Management of Anaphylaxis Refractory to Standard First Line Therapy (Catherine Hammond, Jay Lieberman)....Pages 29-42 Biphasic Anaphylaxis: Epidemiology, Predictors, and Management (Waleed Alqurashi)....Pages 43-60 Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis (Babak Aberumand, Anne K. Ellis)....Pages 61-67 In-Office Preparedness for Anaphylaxis (Erin Banta, Marcella Aquino)....Pages 69-83 Masqueraders of Anaphylaxis (Julia E. M. Upton)....Pages 85-100 Anaphylaxis Education: For Patients, Daycares, Schools, and Colleges (Nicole B. Ramsey, Julie Wang)....Pages 101-114 Advocacy for Anaphylaxis (Tonya Winders, Stanley Fineman)....Pages 115-122 Resources for Anaphylaxis (Anne K. Ellis)....Pages 123-125 Back Matter ....Pages 127-130 "This book serves as a comprehensive but concise, practical, in-depth resource for practitioners who see and treat anaphylaxis. It meets the market need for a reference that relays an advanced understanding of the condition and its management. This unique reference covers management beyond the basics, including discussions around prevention of biphasic anaphylaxis, optimal post-stabilization protocols and how to work up intraoperative anaphylaxis. Additionally, various chapters delve into the practical application of equipping one's office for the management of anaphylaxis, specifically in the setting of a reaction to a food challenge or immunotherapy injection. Anaphylaxis: A Practical Guide is an essential resource for allergists, emergency room physicians, and pediatricians, and those in training to become members of these specialties." -- Prové de l'editor