An Outline of English Lexicology : Lexical Structure, Word Semantics, and Word-Formation

This book focuses on the dynamic complexity of neural, genetic networks, and reaction diffusion systems. The author shows that all robust attractors can be realized in dynamics of such systems. In particular, a positive solution of the Ruelle-Takens hypothesis for on chaos existence for large class of reaction-diffusion systems is given. The book considers viability problems for such systems - viability under extreme random perturbations - and discusses an interesting hypothesis of M. Gromov and A. Carbone on biological evolution. There appears a connection with the Kolmogorov complexity theory. As applications, transcription-factors-microRNA networks are considered, patterning in biology, a new approach to estimate the computational power of neural and genetic networks, social and economical networks, and a connection with the hard combinatorial problems. Preface Acknowledgements Chapter I. General Problems. Words, Words, Words 1.1. Introduction 1.2. The Structure of the English Lexicon 1.3. Varieties of English 1.4. Dictionaries of English Chapter II. The Linguistic Sign. What's in a Word? 2.1. Models of the Sign 2.1.1. Saussure's Approach 2.1.2. Ogden and Richards's "Semiotic Triangle" 2.1.3. Bühler's "Organon Model" 2.2. The Meaning of Signs and Kinds of 'Meaning' 2.2.1. Language and Reality 2.2.2. Approaches to Semantics 2.2.3. Denotation and Reference 2.2.4. Other Kinds of Meaning 2.2.5. Connotations and Markedness 2.3. Morpheme, Word, Lexeme 2.3.1. The Classification of Morphemes 2.3.2. The Ambiguity of 'Word' 2.3.3. Lexemes, Lexical Items, and Word-Forms Chapter III. The Internal Structure of Words. Word-Formation, Features, and Componential Analysis 3.1. Polysemy, Lexical Entries, and Sememes 3.2. Morphological Structure: Simple vs. Complex Lexemes 3.2.1. Compounds 3.2.2. Suffixal and Zero-Derivatives 3.2.3. Nominalizations 3.2.4. Word-Formation Processes and Productivity 3.2.5. Lexicalization and Idioms 3.3. The Semantic Structure of Words: Componential Analysis and Semantic Features 3.3.1. Semantic Decomposition and its Justification 3.3.2. A Typology of Features 3.3.3. Feature Semantics vs. Prototype Semantics: an Alternative? 3.3.4. Relations between Components 3.4. Lexical Rules and Semantic Processes 3.4.1. Rules and Tendencies 3.4.2. Metaphor, Metonymy, and Categorization Chapter IV. The Structure of the Lexicon. Relations between Words 4.1. Units, Classes, and Relations 4.1.1. Lexical Entry and Lexical Unit 4.1.2. Word Classes and Semantic Classes 4.2. Paradigmatic Relations 4.2.1. Homonymy vs. Polysemy 4.2.2. Zero-Derivation and Word Metaphors 4.2.3. Lexical Relations, Sense-Relations, and Lexical Semantics 4.2.3.1. Synonymy 4.2.3.2. Hyponymy and Incompatibility 4.2.3.3. Complementarity, Antonymy, and Converseness 4.2.3.4. Contrast and Opposition: Recent Work 4.2.4. Lexical Fields and Hierarchies 4.2.5. Association and Lexical Sets 4.3. Syntagmatic Relations 4.3.1. Various Approaches 4.3.2. Selection Restrictions and Projection Rules 4.3.3. Transfer Features and Metaphor 4.3.4. Lexical Solidarities 4.3.5. Collocation as a Neutral Syntagma Chapter V. The Function of Words. Co-Text, Context, and the Mental Lexicon 5.1. Words in Context 5.1.1. The Functions of Word-Formation in Texts 5.1.2. Monosemization as the Resolution of Polysemy 5.1.3. Words at Work 5.2. Words in the Mind 5.2.1. Categorization and Psychology 5.2.2. The Structuring of the Universe Chapter VI. Summary and Conclusions 6.1. Summary 6.2. Conclusions 6.2.1. Specific Results 6.2.2. General Conclusions and Consequences Abbreviations Dictionaries Bibliography Index of Subjects Index of Persons Leonhard Lipka. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 191-203) And Indexes.