An Ordering Concept on the Basis of Alternative Principles in Chemistry : Design of Chemicals and Chemical Reactions by Differentiation and Compensation

Considering aspects of symmetry rules in chemistry, one is faced with con­ tradictory terms as for example, "90 % concertedness" sometimes being used in literature. To accept conservation of orbital symmetry to be as controlled as inversion by alternative principles seems far more promising. The intention of this book is aimed at introducing a qualitative understanding of phase rela­ tions in electromagnetic interactions. Avoiding one-sided dogmatism we tried to demonstrate the importance of alternative principles as guidelines to the evolution of alternative order in chemical systems. Passing through the jungle of information it became extremly important to control again and again our insights into the ordering phenomena by experi­ ments under conditions as coherent as possible. We became more aware of the fact that chemistry - the science of "becoming" in complex systems - can not be understood by mechanistic details, i. e. THROUGHPUT-studies alone, because the mechanism is only true for the special system under inves­ tigation and does not offer a tool for the evolution of opposite order. We had to accept chemistry as a mediator between molecular physics and general epistemology. This quite unusual combination was directed by excel­ lent teachers and the realizations were made possible by enthusiastic, open­ minded coworkers (see references). The next target we will strive for on this journey will be to quantify the alternative principles, that means obtaining the order parameters of H. Haken (e. g. in asymmetric synthesis). Front Matter....Pages I-XVII Introduction....Pages 1-8 Characterization of Substituents by Patterns and Recognition of ALTERNATIVE PRINCIPLES....Pages 9-36 Examples of Absolute, Alternative Orders in Chemical Systems by Pairs and Alternating Classes of ALTERNATIVE PRINCIPLES....Pages 37-66 Representation of Differentiation and Compensation of ALTERNATIVE PRINCIPLES....Pages 67-82 Representative Examples of Multi-dual Decision-Trees: A Generalization of Phase Relation Rules....Pages 83-108 The Discontinuous Method of INVERSE TITRATION....Pages 109-135 Molecular Architecture: Some Definitions....Pages 136-148 Models and Methods for the Understanding of Self-organization and Synergetics in Chemical Systems....Pages 149-164 Information from Alternatives in Biochemistry....Pages 165-174 Acknowledgements and Petition....Pages 175-180 Appendix....Pages 181-185 References....Pages 186-194 Epilogue....Pages 195-209 Back Matter....Pages 211-214 The authors intend to make synthetic chemists aware of an alternative approach towards developing improved experimental strategies. Alternative "order factors" are used to describe the evolution of alternative order in complex chemical systems. The general concept is derived from the authors' own experimental experience and from published material