An Invitation to Health, Brief Fifth Edition (with Personal Health Self-Assessment with Health Almanac and CengageNOW, InfoTrac Printed Access Card)

You can learn it and live it with AN INVITATION TO HEALTH: BRIEF, Fifth Edition, the vivid and fascinating text that introduces you to research, information, and recommendations related to health and healthy lifestyles. Full of visual spark and written to encourage behavior change, this text's clear and engaging writing style, addresses the issues related to health and wellness that affect college students now as well as the issues that you'll face in their future. You'll explore a broad range of topics, research, and examples that resonate with college life, and you'll learn the importance of changing poor behaviors-and how to go about changing those behaviors for good. With AN INVITATION TO HEALTH and its practical information that you can use now, you'll quickly learn to assess and change your own behaviors and apply your new knowledge to your life. Front Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Contents......Page 8 Real Health......Page 29 Health and Wellness......Page 31 Physical Health......Page 32 Intellectual Health......Page 33 FAQ: How Healthy Are Young Americans?......Page 34 Staying Healthy on Campus......Page 35 FAQ: Does Gender Matter?......Page 38 Diversity and Health......Page 39 Understanding Health Behavior......Page 41 The Transtheoretical Model......Page 42 FAQ: How Can I Change a Bad Health Habit?......Page 45 How You Change......Page 46 Learn It / Live It: Making Healthy Changes......Page 48 Review Questions......Page 49 Key Terms......Page 50 2 Psychological Health......Page 51 What Is Psychological Health?......Page 53 Knowing Your Needs......Page 54 The Pursuit of Happiness......Page 55 FAQ: How Can I Get Out of a Bad Mood?......Page 56 Clarifying Your Values......Page 57 Expressing Gratitude......Page 59 Developing Autonomy......Page 60 Overcoming Loneliness......Page 61 Why Sleep Matters......Page 62 FAQ: How Much Sleep Do I Need?......Page 63 Mental Health on Campus......Page 64 The Mind-Body Connection......Page 65 FAQ: Why Are So Many Young People Depressed?......Page 66 Gender and Depression......Page 67 Treating Depression......Page 68 Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression)......Page 69 Panic Attacks and Panic Disorders......Page 70 Attention Disorders......Page 71 Suicide in the Young......Page 72 FAQ: What Leads to Suicide?......Page 73 Suicide Prevention......Page 74 Types of Therapy......Page 75 Learn It / Live It: Surviving and Thriving......Page 77 Critical Thinking......Page 78 Key Terms......Page 79 3 Personal Stress Management......Page 81 What Causes Stress?......Page 83 FAQ: Is Stress Hazardous to Physical Health?......Page 84 Stress and the Heart......Page 85 Stress on Campus......Page 86 FAQ: How Can I Cope with Test Stress?......Page 87 Minorities Under Stress......Page 88 Men, Women, and Stress......Page 89 Illness and Disability......Page 90 Discrimination......Page 91 FAQ: What Can Help Me Relax?......Page 93 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)......Page 95 Resilience......Page 96 FAQ: How Can I Better Manage My Time?......Page 97 Learn It/Live It: De-Stress Your Life......Page 98 Review Questions......Page 99 Key Terms......Page 100 4 The Joy of Fitness......Page 101 Gender, Race, and Fitness......Page 103 The Toll of Sedentary Living......Page 104 Why Exercise?......Page 105 FAQ: What Are the Latest Exercise Guidelines for Americans?......Page 108 FITT......Page 109 Improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness......Page 111 Target Heart Rate......Page 112 Aerobic Options......Page 113 Building Muscular Fitness......Page 116 Muscles at Work......Page 117 Designing a Muscle Workout......Page 118 Performance-Enhancing Drugs......Page 120 The Benefits of Flexibility......Page 121 Stretching......Page 123 Mind-Body Approaches......Page 124 Body Composition......Page 125 Body Mass Index (BMI)......Page 126 Safe and Healthy Workouts......Page 127 FAQ: How Can I Prevent Injuries?......Page 128 Taking Care of Injuries......Page 129 Learn It / Live It: Shaping Up......Page 130 Critical Thinking......Page 131 Key Terms......Page 132 5 Personal Nutrition......Page 133 FAQ: How Many Calories Do I Need?......Page 135 Carbohydrates......Page 137 Fats......Page 139 Vitamins and Minerals......Page 140 Using the MyPyramid System......Page 145 Increase Foods from Certain Food Groups......Page 147 Choose Carbohydrates Wisely......Page 149 FAQ: Do Men and Women Have Different Nutritional Needs?......Page 150 Dietary Diversity......Page 151 FAQ: What Should I Know About Vegetarian Diets?......Page 152 Portions and Servings......Page 153 FAQ: What Should I Look For on Nutrition Labels?......Page 154 Functional Foods......Page 155 FAQ: What Causes Food Poisoning?......Page 157 Food Allergies......Page 158 Nutritional Quackery......Page 159 Review Questions......Page 160 Key Terms......Page 161 6 Taking Control of Your Weight......Page 163 FAQ: How Did We Get So Fat?......Page 165 Body Image......Page 167 Male and Female Body Image......Page 168 Weight and the College Student......Page 169 FAQ: Is My Weight Healthy?......Page 170 The Impact on the Body......Page 171 FAQ: I’m Too Thin: How Can I Gain Weight?......Page 172 FAQ: Why Do I Overeat?......Page 173 Weight Loss Diets......Page 174 Avoiding Diet Traps......Page 177 Who’s in Charge?......Page 179 Reach Out for Support – Real and Virtual......Page 180 Maintaining Weight Loss......Page 181 Disordered Eating in College Students......Page 182 Binge Eating......Page 183 FAQ: Who Develops Eating Disorders?......Page 184 Bulimia Nervosa......Page 185 Learn It / Live It: Managing Your Weight......Page 186 Media Menu......Page 187 Key Terms......Page 188 7 Relationships and Sexuality......Page 189 I, Myself, and Me......Page 191 Dating......Page 192 Hooking Up......Page 193 Dysfunctional Relationships......Page 194 FAQ: What Is Emotional Abuse?......Page 195 Romantic Love......Page 196 Cohabitation......Page 197 Long-Term Same-Sex Relationships......Page 198 Marriage......Page 199 FAQ: What Is the Current Divorce Rate?......Page 200 Women’s Sexual Health......Page 201 Men’s Sexual Health......Page 206 Sexual Decision Making......Page 208 FAQ: Why Don’t College Students Practice Safer Sex?......Page 210 The Sex Life of American Adults......Page 211 Homosexuality......Page 212 FAQ: What Does It Mean to Abstain?......Page 213 Nonpenetrative Sexual Activity (Outercourse)......Page 214 Intercourse......Page 215 Anal Stimulation and Intercourse......Page 216 Learn It / Live It: Being Sexually Responsible......Page 217 Critical Thinking......Page 218 Key Terms......Page 219 8 Reproductive Choices......Page 221 Birth Control Basics......Page 223 Abstinence and Nonpenetrative Sexual Activity......Page 225 Hormonal Contraceptives......Page 226 Oral Contraceptives......Page 227 The Patch (Ortho Evra)......Page 229 The NuvaRing......Page 230 Intrauterine Contraceptives: Mirena......Page 231 Prescription Barriers......Page 232 Nonprescription Barriers......Page 234 Periodic Abstinence and Fertility Awareness Methods......Page 238 Male sterilization......Page 239 Female sterilization......Page 240 Thinking Through the Options......Page 241 Other Abortion Methods......Page 242 Politics of Abortion......Page 243 Preconception Care......Page 244 Complications of Pregnancy......Page 245 FAQ: What is Childbirth like?......Page 248 FAQ: What Are the Options for Infertile Couples?......Page 250 Learn It / Live It: Protecting Your Reproductive Health......Page 251 Review Questions......Page 252 Key Terms......Page 253 9 Preventing Infectious Diseases......Page 255 Agents of Infection......Page 257 The Process of Infection......Page 258 How Your Body Protects Itself......Page 259 Immune Response......Page 260 Immune Disorders......Page 261 FAQ: Who Is at Highest Risk of Infectious Diseases?......Page 262 Common Cold......Page 263 Influenza......Page 264 Meningitis......Page 265 Hepatitis......Page 266 Tuberculosis......Page 268 Insect- and Animal-borne Infections......Page 269 Reproductive and Urinary Tract Infections......Page 270 FAQ: How Common Are STIs on Campus?......Page 272 Risk Factors and Risk Continuum......Page 274 Human Papilloma Virus......Page 276 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)......Page 278 Gonorrhea......Page 279 Syphilis......Page 280 HIV and AIDS......Page 281 Reducing the Risk of HIV Transmission......Page 282 HIV Infection......Page 283 Treating HIV/AIDS......Page 284 Learn It / Live It: The Best Defense......Page 285 Critical Thinking......Page 286 Key Terms......Page 287 10 Lowering Your Risk of Major Diseases......Page 289 How the Heart Works......Page 291 FAQ: Why Should I Worry About Heart Disease?......Page 292 Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease......Page 294 Risk Factors You Can Control......Page 295 Risk Factors You Can’t Control......Page 298 Preventing Hypertension......Page 299 FAQ: What Is a Healthy Blood Pressure?......Page 301 FAQ: What Is a Healthy Cholesterol Reading?......Page 302 Lowering Cholesterol......Page 303 FAQ: How Do I Know It’s a Heart Attack?......Page 304 FAQ: What Cause a Stroke?......Page 305 Understanding Cancer......Page 306 FAQ: Who Is at Risk for Developing Cancer?......Page 307 Heredity......Page 308 Infectious Agents......Page 309 Maintain a Healthy Weight......Page 310 Skin Cancer......Page 311 Breast Cancer......Page 313 Ovarian Cancer......Page 315 Prostate Cancer......Page 316 FAQ: Who Is at Risk for Developing Diabetes?......Page 317 Diabetes Signs and Symptoms......Page 318 Learn It / Live It: Preventing Serious Illnesses......Page 319 Review Questions......Page 320 Key Terms......Page 321 11 Drug Use, Misuse, and Abuse......Page 323 Why Students Use Drugs......Page 325 Gambling......Page 326 Routes of Administration......Page 327 FAQ: What Should I Know About Over-the-Counter Drugs?......Page 328 Prescription Drugs......Page 330 Caffeine and Its Effects......Page 331 Dependence......Page 332 FAQ: What Causes Drug Dependence and Abuse?......Page 333 Cannabis......Page 334 Club Drugs (Designer Drugs)......Page 338 Stimulants......Page 340 Depressants......Page 345 Inhalants......Page 347 Treating Substance Dependence and Abuse......Page 348 Relapse Prevention......Page 349 Review Questions......Page 350 Media Menu......Page 351 Key Terms......Page 352 12 Alcohol and Tobacco Use, Misuse, and Abuse......Page 353 Blood-Alcohol Concentration......Page 355 Intoxication......Page 357 Abstinence......Page 358 FAQ: What Is Binge Drinking?......Page 359 Drinking and Driving......Page 360 Social Norms and Student Drinking......Page 361 Binge Drinking on Campus......Page 362 FAQ: Why Do Students Binge?......Page 363 “Secondhand” Drinking Problems......Page 364 How Students Protect Themselves from Unsafe Drinking......Page 365 FAQ: What Are Colleges Doing to Prevent Alcohol Abuse?......Page 366 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body......Page 367 Brain and Behavior......Page 368 Fetal Alcohol Effects and Syndrome......Page 369 Race......Page 370 Alcohol Problems......Page 371 Alcohol Dependence and Abuse......Page 372 Alcoholism Treatments......Page 373 Smoking in America......Page 374 Why Do People Start Smoking?......Page 375 FAQ: Is Social Smoking Less Risky?......Page 376 Smoking, Gender, and Race......Page 377 Tar and Carbon Monoxide......Page 378 Heart Disease and Stroke......Page 379 Other Smoking-Related Problems......Page 380 FAQ: What Are Bidis?......Page 381 Smokeless Tobacco......Page 382 Quitting on Your Own......Page 383 Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)......Page 384 Live It / Learn It: Taking Charge of Alcohol and Tobacco......Page 386 Review Questions......Page 387 Key Terms......Page 388 13 Protecting Yourself, Your Rights, and Your Health......Page 389 Becoming a Safer Driver......Page 391 Safe Cycling......Page 393 Violence in the United States......Page 394 Crime and Violence on Campus......Page 395 Sexual Harassment on Campus......Page 396 Rape......Page 397 Impact of Rape......Page 399 Safeguarding Your Health......Page 400 Making Smart Health-Care Decisions......Page 401 Self-Care......Page 402 The Doctor-Patient Partnership......Page 403 Complementary and Alternative Medicine......Page 404 Types of CAM......Page 405 Your Medical Rights......Page 408 The Health Care System......Page 410 Paying for Health Care......Page 411 Learn It / Live It: Taking Charge of Your Health......Page 412 Critical Thinking......Page 413 Key Terms......Page 414 14 Working Toward a Healthy Environment......Page 415 The Impact of Pollution......Page 417 FAQ: What Is Global Warming?......Page 418 Indoor Pollutants......Page 420 How Loud Is That Noise?......Page 421 Effects of Noise......Page 422 FAQ: Is Bottled Water Better?......Page 423 FAQ: What Health Risks Are Caused by Pesticides?......Page 424 Microwaves......Page 425 Learn It / Live It: Taking Care of Mother Earth......Page 426 Review Questions......Page 427 Key Terms......Page 428 15 A Lifetime of Health......Page 429 FAQ: How Long Can I Expect to Live?......Page 431 Avoid Illness......Page 432 Physical Activity: It’s Never Too Late......Page 433 The Aging Brain......Page 434 Women at Midlife......Page 435 Men at Midlife......Page 436 The Challenges of Age......Page 437 Alzheimer’s Disease......Page 438 Preparing for Medical Crises and the End of Life......Page 439 Holographic Wills......Page 440 Denying Death......Page 442 FAQ: What Do We Know About Near-Death Experiences?......Page 443 Funeral Arrangements......Page 444 Grief ’s Effects on Health......Page 445 Live It / Learn It: Living Long and Well......Page 446 Critical Thinking......Page 447 Key Terms......Page 448 Making This Chapter Work for You: Answers To Multiple Choice Questions......Page 449 Glossary......Page 450 References......Page 458 Index......Page 468