An Introduction to Passive Radar, Second Edition

This bestselling book - now in its second edition - introduces the basic principles of passive radar technology and provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments and advances in this field. It shows you how passive radar works, how it differs from the active type, and helps you understand the benefits and drawbacks of this novel technology. The book gives you the knowledge you need to get a full understanding of this fascinating technology. All chapters have been fully revised and updated and are written in a clear and accessible style. New chapters have been added to cover advances in the technology that have already been built and demonstrated, including systems on moving platforms (aircraft and UAVs), as well as advances in types of transmission - notably single-frequency broadcast transmissions, and 5G - and in processing techniques. This book remains an important resource for engineers working in academic, industry, or government research laboratories; academics teaching graduate level students; and those working in the specification and procurement of radar systems who need to understand the performance and limitations of the technology. An Introduction to Passive Radar, Second Edition Contents Foreword Preface Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Terminology 1.2 History 1.3 Approach and Scope References Chapter 2 Principles of Passive Radar 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Bistatic and Multistatic Geometry 2.2.1 Coverage 2.2.2 Direct Signal Suppression 2.3 Bistatic Range and Doppler 2.3.1 Range Measurement 2.3.2 Range Resolution 2.3.3 Doppler Measurement 2.3.4 Doppler Resolution 2.4 Multistatic Passive Radar Range and Doppler 2.5 Multistatic Target Location 2.6 The Bistatic Radar Range Equation 2.7 Bistatic Target and Clutter Signatures 2.8 Summary References Chapter 3 Properties of Illuminators 3.1 Ambiguity Functions 3.1.1 The Ambiguity Function in Bistatic Radar 3.1.2 Bandwidth Extension with FM Radio Signals 3.2 Digital versus Analog 3.2.1 Analog Television Signals 3.2.2 Mismatched Filtering 3.3 Digitally Coded Waveforms 3.3.1 OFDM 3.3.2 GSM 3.3.3 Long Term Evolution (LTE) 3.3.4 Terrestrial Digital Television (DVB-T) 3.3.5 5G 3.3.6 Wi-Fi and WiMAX 3.3.7 Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) 3.4 Vertical-Plane Coverage 3.5 Satellite-Borne Illuminators 3.5.1 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) 3.5.2 Satellite TV 3.5.3 INMARSAT 3.5.4 IRIDIUM 3.5.5 STARLINK 3.5.6 LEO Radar Remote-Sensing Satellites 3.6 Radar Illuminators 3.7 Summary References Chapter 4 Passive Radar and Single-Frequency Networks 4.1 SFNs 4.2 SFN Structures 4.3 SFN Passive Radar 4.3.1 SFN Direct Signal Interference Removal 4.3.2 Target Ambiguity Removal 4.4 Summary References Chapter 5 Direct Signal Suppression 5.1 Introduction 5.2 DSI Power Levels 5.3 Direct Signal Suppression 5.4 Summary References Chapter 6 Passive Radar Performance Prediction 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Detection Performance Prediction Parameters 6.3 Detection Performance Prediction 6.4 Comparing Predicted and Experimental Detection Performance 6.5 Target Location 6.6 Advanced Passive Radar Performance Prediction 6.7 Summary References Chapter 7 Detection and Tracking 7.1 Introduction 7.2 CFAR Detection 7.3 Target Location Estimation 7.3.1 Iso-Range Ellipses 7.3.2 Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) 7.3.3 Range-Doppler Plots 7.4 Track Filtering 7.4.1 The Kalman Filter 7.4.2 Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) Tracking 7.4.3 Multireceiver Passive Tracking 7.5 Summary References Chapter 8 Passive Radar from Moving Platforms 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Moving Target Detection 8.2.1 Cochannel Interference 8.2.2 Suppression of Clutter 8.2.3 Multichannel Calibration 8.3 Passive Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) 8.3.1 Configurations and Resolution 8.3.2 Motion Compensation 8.3.3 Properties of Bistatic SAR Images 8.3.4 Passive SAR Imaging Using Terrestrial Digital Video Broadcast TV Transmissions 8.4 Multistatic Imaging Using Satellite Navigation Illuminators 8.5 Summary References Chapter 9 Examples of Systems and Results 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Analog TV 9.3 FM Radio 9.3.1 Silent Sentry 9.3.2 The Manastash Ridge Radar (MRR) 9.3.3 More Recent Experiments Using FM Radio Illuminators 9.3.4 Monitoring of Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Airspace 9.3.5 Summary 9.4 Cell Phone Base Stations 9.5 DVB-T and DAB 9.6 Passive Radar from Moving Platforms 9.7 HF Skywave Transmissions 9.8 Indoor/Wi-Fi 9.9 Satellite-Borne Illuminators 9.9.1 Early Experiments Using GPS and Forward Scatter 9.9.2 Geostationary Satellites 9.9.3 Bistatic SAR 9.9.4 Bistatic ISAR 9.9.5 Summary 9.10 Low-Cost Scientific Remote Sensing 9.10.1 Ocean Scatterometry Using GNSS Signals 9.10.2 Terrestrial Bistatic Weather Radar 9.10.3 Planetary Radar Remote Sensing 9.11 Summary References Chapter 10 Future Developments and Applications 10.1 Introduction 10.2 The Spectrum Problem and Commensal Radar 10.2.1 The Spectrum Problem 10.2.2 Commensal Radar 10.3 Passive Radar in Air Traffic Management 10.4 Target Recognition and Passive Radar 10.5 Countermeasures Against Passive Radar 10.5.1 Countermeasures 10.5.2 Bistatic Denial 10.6 Eldercare and Assisted Living 10.7 Low-Cost Passive Radar 10.8 Low-Cost Remote Sensing 10.9 The Intelligent Adaptive Radar Network 10.10 Conclusions References Bibliography About the Authors Index