An Integrated Approach for an Archaeological and Environmental Park in South-Eastern Turkey : Tilmen Höyük

This book reports on a public archaeology project carried out at the ancient site of Tilmen Höyük in south-eastern Turkey. The project developed and applied new methodologies and advanced technologies for the planning, design, conservation and management of an archaeological park at a site of high cultural, environmental and touristic interest, representing a significant study case for other archaeological sites in the Mediterranean area and beyond. It highlights state-of-the-art techniques of remote sensing, both for archaeological surveying and for territorial and environmental analysis through the study of high-definition aerial photos and digital photogrammetry. It also takes into account the ecological and environmental characterization data elaborated by environmental and botanic experts, fundamental for the purposes of eco-sustainability and management of the site, through climate and ground measurements aiming at vegetation control and a management model for the archaeological site itself and its green areas of outstanding naturalistic interest. Further, the book comprehensively discusses the analysis of the state of preservation of the archaeological remains and their effective conservation based on a set of measures guided by the principles of minimum intervention, feasibility and low impact on the remains, the site and its landscape. Moreover, it presents novel devices and fixed structures aimed at protecting the fragile archaeological remains and allowing safe access to visitors to the newly created archaeological park. At the intersection of archaeology, architecture and natural sciences, this book appeals to researchers and specialists in archaeology, social sciences, environmental sciences, conservation, architecture and engineering disciplines. Preface and acknowledgements 6 Contents 9 About the Editors 12 Introduction 14 The Research Framework: The Archaeological Site, Its Landscape, a Vision 22 Never Ending Story. Responsibility, Strategy and Sustainability in Managing an Archaeological Excavation and Its Public Presentation from Its Inception to Beyond Its Termination 23 One Centre, Many Alleys 25 Storeys and Stories 29 Bridging the Future 39 References on Tilmen Höyük by the Turco-Italian Archaeological Expedition 50 A View from Above. Geodesy and Satellite Image Analysis in the Islahiye Valley 55 Introduction 55 Space Geodesy 56 Satellite Images Analysis 58 Multi-Scale Surveying at Tilmen Höyük 64 Conclusions 65 References 65 A Holistic Model. The Tilmen Höyük Archaeological Park Amidst Design, Conservation, Fruition and Communication 66 Introduction 66 A Design Model, Between Conservation, Fruition and Communication 70 Some Guidelines for the Viewer’s Sight Approach 75 Complex Contents and Representation Techniques: Computer Graphics for Scientific Dissemination 76 References 81 Conservation and Accessibility: Planning, Designing, Acting 82 Research and Design. Low-Impact Interventions and Innovative Solutions at an Archaeological Site 83 The Research Programme 83 Main Guiding Principles and Criteria 84 Scientific Basis 86 Phases and Products 89 Conservation/Restoration Interventions and Guidelines for Future Works 91 General Planning and Design of the Archaeological Park 112 A Final Remark 120 References 122 Fragility and Durability. Problems and Techniques of the Archaeological Conservation Campaigns 124 Paths to the Past. Designing Equipment for Sustainable Management and a Culturally Aware Fruition of the Site 138 Introduction 138 Visiting the Site: Accesses and Paths 141 The New Access Bridge 144 Rest Areas 146 Didactic Communication: Structures for the Explanatory Panels 149 Protective Shelters in Archaeological Areas: A Preliminary Database for a State of the Art 151 Morphological and Constructive Choices to Protect the Middle Bronze Age K-5 Residency 170 References 180 Roofing History. A Protective Shelter for the Middle Bronze Age K-5 Residency Between Project and Construction 185 Detailed Design of the Protective Shelter 185 Remarks on the Building Site 190 Moving Through. The Issue of Accessibility and Archaeological Sites 193 International Legislation 193 People with Reduced Mobility: Conservation, Enjoyment, Accessibility 194 Strategic Guidelines: Criteria for Expanded Planning 196 Strategic Guidelines: Management Criteria 199 References 200 Environmental Characterization of the Site 201 Layered Nature. Assessing and Monitoring the Environment for the Development of an Archaeological Park 202 Monitoring Soil and Ancient Walls at Tilmen: The Project 204 The Fieldwork 205 Climate 207 Soil and Hydrology 211 Integration into a Geographical Information System 213 Site Management 213 References 215 A Safe Hotspot. Plant Biodiversity and the Natural and Cultural Heritage at Tilmen Höyük 216 Environment and Archaeological Sites 216 Floristic Diversity 218 Wild Relatives of the Old World Crops 219 Environment and Plant Community Diversity 221 Conclusions 222 References 224 Front Matter ....Pages i-xvi Introduction (Nicolò Marchetti, Stefano Francesco Musso)....Pages 1-8 Front Matter ....Pages 9-9 Never Ending Story. Responsibility, Strategy and Sustainability in Managing an Archaeological Excavation and Its Public Presentation from Its Inception to Beyond Its Termination (Nicolò Marchetti)....Pages 11-42 A View from Above. Geodesy and Satellite Image Analysis in the Islahiye Valley (Gabriele Bitelli, Valentina Alena Girelli, Luca Vittuari)....Pages 43-53 A Holistic Model. The Tilmen Höyük Archaeological Park Amidst Design, Conservation, Fruition and Communication (Maria Benedetta Spadolini)....Pages 55-70 Front Matter ....Pages 71-71 Research and Design. Low-Impact Interventions and Innovative Solutions at an Archaeological Site (Stefano Francesco Musso)....Pages 73-113 Fragility and Durability. Problems and Techniques of the Archaeological Conservation Campaigns (Chiara Davite)....Pages 115-128 Paths to the Past. Designing Equipment for Sustainable Management and a Culturally Aware Fruition of the Site (Giovanna Franco)....Pages 129-175 Roofing History. A Protective Shelter for the Middle Bronze Age K-5 Residency Between Project and Construction (Giorgio Mor, Pietro Baldassarri)....Pages 177-184 Moving Through. The Issue of Accessibility and Archaeological Sites (Niccolò Casiddu)....Pages 185-192 Front Matter ....Pages 193-193 Layered Nature. Assessing and Monitoring the Environment for the Development of an Archaeological Park (Paola Rossi Pisa, Luca Berichillo, Marco Bittelli, Vincenzo Fortunati, Marco Vignudelli)....Pages 195-208 A Safe Hotspot. Plant Biodiversity and the Natural and Cultural Heritage at Tilmen Höyük (Maria Speranza, Halil Çakan, Lucia Ferroni)....Pages 209-217