An Economic History Of Nigeria, 1860-1960,

Common terms and phrases 31 March Abstract of Statistics Annual Abstract areas British government capital cent Central Bank co-operative cocoa Colonial Annual Reports Colonial Development columbite commercial banks competition Corporation cotton currency Department duties Eastern economic development enterprise Enugu established European expenditure export crops export products factory farmers farms Finance firms funds Ghana Government Printer groundnuts growth Ibadan imported improved included increasing number indigenous industrial investment Kaduna Kano labour Lagos loans manufacturing marketing boards ment million mining National Niger Nigerian government Nigerian Railway Nigerian Railway Corporation Northern Nigeria oil palm Onitsha operated Ordinance palm kernels palm oil period political population Port Harcourt projects revenue river roads Royal African Society rubber sector slave trade social Source Southern strike actions tion tons trade unions transport United Kingdom wages West Africa Western Nigeria Western Region Yoruba Contents List oftables List offigures Foreword by Professor Peter i\1athias Preface PART I: INTRODUCTION I An introduction to Nigeria page xi XV xvii X X I Population, 5; Historical background, 8; Political changes, 12; The national economy, 15 2 An outline of pre-I86o foreign contacts and their effects 2I The trans-Saharan trade, 21; Regular Europea11 maritime contacts, 24; The slave trade, 28 Social and economic conditions by I86o 37 The indigenous social and political stmctHre, 37; The fiscal system, 38; Agriwltural production, 39; Local i11dustries and crafts, 41; The problems ofexcha11ge, 46; Transport and corn- rrmnicatioll, 46; Commodity-currencies, 48; Local trade, 49; Foreign trade, 50 PART 2: THE FIRST BRITISH FOOTHOLD I860-I900 4 General survey 57 Political der,elopments, 6o; Tire church missions and educatiorr, 64; The fiscal system, 65 The foundation of modern commerce 70 Transport and cornrrumicatiorr, 70; Agriculture arrd minirrg, 79; Money, currency arrd barrking, 84; Foreigrr trade, 88 viii Contents PART 3: THE COLONIAL PERIOD TO 1945 9 IO I I I2 13 14 15 6 7 General survey Political developments, 104; Fiscal policy, 106; Economic conditions and policy, 1 17 Transport and communications Inla11d waterways, 128; Government marine services, 130; Railways, 134; Roads a11d road transport, 142; Rail-road competition, 147; Air transport, 149; Ocean shipping, 151; Communicatiotls, 154 Agricultural developments Palm products, 1 62; Cocoa, 167; Cotton, 169; Other products, 171; Livestock, 173 Modem industrial production The extractive industries, 176; The non-extractive industries, 185 Money, currency and banking Money and wrreucy, 187; Banking, 192 Foreign trade The export trade, 197; The import trade, 209; Competition in foreign trade, 217 PART 4: THE MODERN ECONOMIC REVOLUTION I946-6o General survey Political changes, 226; Economic planning, 229; The fiscal system, 233; Development institutions, 244 Transport and communications Inla11d waterways, 253; Railways, 257; Roads, 264; Air tra11sport, 269; Ocea11 shipping, 272; Post and telegraphs, 274 Agricultural production and the marketing boards Oil palm products, 281; Cocoa, 282; Cotto11, 283; Ground- mlts, 284; Rubber, 284; Agricultural research, 285; The marketing boards, 286 Industrial development Business incentives, 295; Industrial establishments, 299; Industrial production and the Nigerian economy, 31 o 16 Money, currency and banking Money and wrrency, 313; Commercial banking, 316; The central bank, 324; The Stock Exchange and the Nigerian money market, 326 17 Foreign trade The export trade, 330; The import trade, 335; Trade balance and the terms oftrade, 341; Trade competition, 343 PART 5: LIFE, LABOUR AND SOCIETY IB The impact of development on the society Health and population, 349; Education, 356; Labour, 360; The co-operative movement, 376 19 Epilogue: the post-independence years to 1972 Philosophy on economicgrowth, 383; The political economy of sectoral participation, 385; The national development plans, 388; Economic indicators, 397 Statistical appendix Bibliography Survey of Nigeria from 1860 to 1960 - covers demographic aspects and geographical aspects, social structure, political system, economic conditions under colonialism and independence, the role of UK, economic policy, fiscal policy, transport, communication, agricultural development, industrial development, financial aspects, trade, education, employment, the cooperative movement, etc. Bibliography pp. 417 to 440, maps, references and statistical tables