تحلیلی بر تأثیر سیاست بر پلیس‌داری در اتیوپی

Workneh Gebeyehu is the Foreign Affairs Minister of Ethiopia who also has an experience in policing and security apparatus. His PhD thesis addressed Ethiopia's history of police practice vis a vis politics. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii DEDICATION iii SUMMARY iv DECLARATION vi ACRONYMS vii TABLE OF CONTENTS viii CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL ORIENTATION 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 2 1.3 A BRIEF HISTORY OF POLICING AND POLITICS 4 1.3.1 The Role of Politics in Policing in Ethiopia from 1941 to 1973 6 1.3.2 The Role of Politics in Policing in Ethiopia from 1974 to 1991 8 1.3.3 The Role of Politics in Policing in Ethiopia from 1992 to date 11 1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT 14 1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 16 1.6 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 17 1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 17 ix 1.8 THE DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS 18 1.8.1 Politics 18 1.8.2 Policing 19 1.8.3 Police and Police Officer 19 1.8.4 Police-Independence 19 1.9 ORGANISATION OF THE THESIS 20 1.10 CONCLUSION 20 CHAPTER TWO: POLICING AND POLITICS IN ETHIOPIA FROM 1916 TO 1973 2.1 INTRODUCTION 22 2.2 THE ORIGIN OF THE ETHIOPIAN POLICE FORCE 22 2.3 THE USE OF THE POLICE DURING THE IMPERIAL REGIME 24 2.3.1 Promotional Regulations of the Police Force 26 2.3.2 The Structure of Law and Order 28 2.3.3 The Role of the Police During the Imperial's Crises 29 2.4 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE POLICE AND POLITICAL OFFICE BEARERS 32 2.5 THE NATURE AND EXTENTS OF POLITICAL INTERFERENCE IN THE POLICE 33 2.6 THE EFFECT OF POLITICAL INTERFERENCE IN POLICING 35 2.7 MEASURES TO DEAL WITH POLITICAL INTERFERENCE 37 2.8 POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY 42 x 2.9 POLICE OVERSIGHT BODIES 47 2.10 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MEASURES THAT ARE DESIGNED TO DEAL WITH POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY 49 2.11 CONCLUSION 51 CHAPTER THREE: THE POLICE AND POLITICS IN ETHIOPIA FROM 1974 TO 1990 3.1 INTRODUCTION 55 3.2. THE POLICE FORCE DURING THE DERGUE REGIME 55 3.3 RECRUITMENT OF POLICE OFFICERS AND THE ORGANISATION OF THE POLICE STRUCTURE 59 3.4 THE ROLE OF THE POLICE DURING THE REGIMES’ CRISES 62 3.5 CONCLUSION 64 CHAPTER FOUR: POLICE AND POLITICS IN ETHIOPIA FROM 1991 TO DATE 4.1 INTRODUCTION 66 4.2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE FORCE 67 4.3 THE ETHIOPIAN FEDERAL POLICE COMMISSION AND THE REGIONAL POLICE 71 4.4 THE POLICE FORCE DURING THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD 72 xi 4.4.1 The Organisation and Administration of the Federal Police Commissions 76 4.4.2 The Relationship Between the Federal and Regional Police Commission 79 4.4.3 Re-organisation of the Ethiopian Federal Police Commission 80 4.5 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE POLICE AND POLITICS 83 4.6 POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY 84 4.7 POLICE OVERSIGHT BODIES 85 4.8 THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF POLITICAL INTERVENTION IN THE POLICE 85 4.9 THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE POLICE DURING THE STATE OF EMERGENCY 86 4.10 THE EFFECT OF POLITICAL INFLUENCE ON POLICING 86 4.11 CONCLUSION 87 CHAPTER 5: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 5.1 INTRODUCTION 89 5.2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 89 5.3 RESEARCH DEMARCATION 92 5.4 RESEARCH SAMPLE 92 5.5 DATA COLLECTION 101 xii 5.6 DATA ANALYSIS 103 5.7 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY 104 5.8 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 104 5.9 CONCLUSION 105 CHAPTER SIX: RESEARCH FINDINGS 6.1. INTRODUCTION 107 6.2 LITERATURE FINDINGS 107 6.3 EMPIRICAL FINDINGS 110 6.4 CONCLUSION 119 CHAPTER SEVEN: RECOMMENDATIONS AND THE CONCLUSION OF THE STUDY 7.1 INTRODUCTION 121 7.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 121 7.3 CONCLUSION 123 LIST OF REFERENCES 127 APPENDIX A: INTERVIEW SCHEDULE: PEOPLE WHO SERVED THE POLICE PRIOR TO 1991 135 APPENDIX B: INTERVIEW SCHEDULE: PEOPLE WHO SERVED THE POLICE POST 1991 139 xiii APPENDIX C: INTERVIEW SCHEDULE: INFORMED PUBLIC MEMBERS 143 APPENDIX D: QUESTIONNAIRES 151 APPENDIX E: CONSENT FORM 154 APPENDIX F: CERTIFICATION OF EDITION 156