An Analysis of the Attributive Participle and the Relative Clause in the Greek New Testament (Studies in Biblical Greek)

Many New Testament Greek grammarians assert that the Greek attributive participle and the Greek relative clause are "equivalent." Michael E. Hayes disproves those assertions in An Analysis of the Attributive Participle and the Relative Clause in the Greek New Testament , thoroughly presenting the linguistic categories of restrictivity and nonrestrictivity and analyzing the restrictive/nonrestrictive nature of every attributive participle and relative clause. By employing the Accessibility Hierarchy, he focuses the central and critical analysis to the subject relative clause and the attributive participle. His analysis leads to the conclusion that with respect to the restrictive/nonrestrictive distinction these two constructions could in no way be described as "equivalent." The attributive participle is primarily utilized to restrict its antecedent except under certain prescribed circumstances, and when both constructions are grammatically and stylistically feasible, the relative clause is predominantly utilized to relate nonrestrictively to its antecedent. As a result, Hayes issues a call to clarity and correction for grammarians, exegetes, modern editors, and translators of the Greek New Testament. Cover Table of Contents List of Illustrations Preface by D. A. Carson Copyright Acknowledgments Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations Chapter 1: Introduction: An Analysis of the Attributive Participle and the Relative Clause in the Greek New Testament The Thesis The Restrictive/Nonrestrictive Distinction The Current Status of the Question Attributive Participle Equivalent to Relative Clause Relative Clause The Attributive Participle Necessity of This Study Grammatical Necessity Related Fields of Study The Plan of the Monograph The Methodological Procedure Employed The Outcomes Notes Bibliography Chapter 2: Restrictivity Introduction Restrictivity as a Linguistic Category Validity of Restrictivity as a Linguistic Category Clarification of Terminology Restrictivity and the Nature of Antecedents Specific Restrictive Strategies Restrictive Clauses Attributive Participles and Relative Clauses Examples of Restrictive Clauses Summary of Restrictivity Addendum 2-A: Restrictive Modification of Very Specific Substantives Notes Bibliography Chapter 3: Restrictive Clauses in the Greek New Testament Introduction Grammatical Assertions of Restrictive Clauses in the Greek New Testament Summary of Previous Grammatical Assertions Grammatical Assertions of James W. Voelz The Restrictive Attributive Participle in the Greek New Testament Noun Phrase Formation Patterns Containing an Attributive Participle Summary of the Restrictive Attributive Participle in the Greek New Testament The Restrictive Relative Clause in the Greek New Testament Relative Clause Formation Patterns Types of Subordinate Relative Clauses Summary of the Restrictive Relative Clause in the Greek New Testament General Tendencies of Restrictive Clauses in the Greek New Testament Restrictive Attributive Participles Restrictive Relative Clauses Summary of Restrictive Clauses in the Greek New Testament Notes Bibliography Chapter 4: Nonrestrictivity Introduction Nonrestrictivity as a Linguistic Category Validity of Nonrestrictivity as a Linguistic Category Strictly Defining Nonrestrictivity—Negatively and Positively Nonrestrictivity and the Nature of Antecedents Specific Nonrestrictive Strategies Continuum of Nonrestrictivity—Modification to Coordination Nonrestrictive Clauses Relative Clauses and Attributive Participles Examples of Nonrestrictive Clauses Summary of Nonrestrictivity Notes Bibliography Chapter 5: Nonrestrictivite Clauses in the Greek New Testament Introduction Grammatical Assertions of Nonrestrictive Clauses in the Greek New Testament Summary of Previous Grammatical Assertions Grammatical Assertions of James W. Voelz The Nonrestrictive Relative Clause in the Greek New Testament Relative Clause Formation Patterns Types of Subordinate Relative Clauses Summary of the Nonrestrictive Relative Clause in the Greek New Testament The Nonrestrictive Attributive Participle in the Greek New Testament Noun Phrase Formation Patterns Containing an Attributive Participle Summary of the Nonrestrictive Attributive Participle in the Greek New Testament General Tendencies of Nonrestrictive Clauses in the Greek New Testament Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses Nonrestrictive Attributive Participles Summary of Nonrestrictive Clauses in the Greek New Testament Addendum 5-A: Relative Pronoun Agreement Notes Bibliography Chapter 6: Final Synthesis, Implications, and Prospects Introduction The Question of Equivalence The Accessibility Hierarchy Relativization Strategies Relativized Positions The Accessibility Hierarchy Defined The Accessibility Hierarchy and Specific Languages Subject Relative Clauses and Attributive Participles in the Greek New Testament General Characteristics Subject Relative Clauses Attributive Participles Summary of Subject Relative Clauses and Attributive Participles Illustrative Examples Implications for Related Fields of Study Exegesis Punctuation Practices for Greek New Testament Texts Translation Practices of the Greek New Testament Summary of Implications Prospects for Further Study Conclusion Notes Bibliography Appendices Appendix One: Participial Constructions in the Greek New Testament Appendix Two: Relative Clauses in the Greek New Testament Note Index "Many New Testament Greek grammarians assert that the Greek attributive participle and the Greek relative clause are "equivalent." In this book, Michael E. Hayes disproves those assertions through an analysis of every attributive participle and relative clause in the Greek New Testament. He thoroughly presents the linguistic categories of restrictivity and nonrestrictivity and analyzes the restrictive/nonrestrictive nature of every attributive participle and relative clause. By employing the Accessibility Hierarchy he focuses the central and critical analysis to the subject relative clause and the attributive participle. His analysis leads to the conclusion that with respect to the restrictive/nonrestrictive distinction these two constructions could in no way be described as "equivalent." The attributive participle is primarily utilized to restrict its antecedent except under certain prescribed circumstances, and when both constructions are grammatically and stylistically feasible, the relative clause is predominantly utilized to relate nonrestrictively to its antecedent. As a result, Dr. Hayes issues a call to clarity and correction for grammarians, exegetes, modern editors and translators of the Greek New Testament."-- Provided by publisher "Many New Testament Greek grammarians assert that the Greek attributive participle and the Greek relative clause are "equivalent." In this book, Michael E. Hayes disproves those assertions through an analysis of every attributive participle and relative clause in the Greek New Testament. He thoroughly presents the linguistic categories of restrictivity and nonrestrictivity and analyzes the restrictive/nonrestrictive nature of every attributive participle and relative clause. By employing the Accessibility Hierarchy he focuses the central and critical analysis to the subject relative clause and the attributive participle. His analysis leads to the conclusion that with respect to the restrictive/nonrestrictive distinction these two constructions could in no way be described as "equivalent." The attributive participle is primarily utilized to restrict its antecedent except under certain prescribed circumstances, and when both constructions are grammatically and stylistically feasible, the relative clause is predominantly utilized to relate nonrestrictively to its antecedent. As a result, Dr. Hayes issues a call to clarity and correction for grammarians, exegetes, modern editors and translators of the Greek New Testament."--Résumé de l'éditeur "It is one thing to look at a number of examples, even a great number. It is another thing to look at all of the examples, and that is exactly what Michael E. Hayes has done with his nonpareil study of attributive participles and relative clauses. Building upon my own growing suspicion that the two constructions are not equivalent in Koine Greek, he develops overwhelming facts, establishing the largely distinct nature of each construction, though acknowledging areas of overlap. This is the way linguistic understanding makes progress, viz., not by computer analysis but by the hard work of actually looking at data in context. Kudos!"--James W. Voelz, Dr. Jack Dean Kingsbury Professor of New Testament Theology, Concordia Seminary "Michael E. Hayes's study of the attributive participle and the relative clause breaks new ground in the field of Greek linguistics. These constructions are in no way equivalent, even though many Greek teachers have taught the opposite for years, myself included. His work is a muchneeded corrective to the standard introductions to New Testament Greek. This is an invaluable resource for any student of the language of the New Testament. The author is to be commended for an excellent contribution to the ever-growing field of Greek linguistics."--David Alan Black, Dr. M.O. Owens, Jr. Chair of New Testament Studies, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary