American Constitutional Law, Volume II: Civil Rights and Liberties (American Constitutional Law)

AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, Volumes I and II, combines cases, decisions, and authorial commentary to maximize your learning and understanding in this course. These comprehensive volumes cover the entire range of topics in constitutional law. Each of the chapters includes an extended essay providing the legal, historical, political, and cultural contexts for the set of edited decisions from the United States Supreme Court case that follows. In selecting, editing, and updating the materials, the authors emphasize recent trends in major areas of constitutional interpretation. At the same time, the authors include many landmark decisions, some of which retain importance as precedents while others illustrate the transient nature of constitutional interpretation. Because the book provides a good balance of decisions and authorial commentary, this text appeals to instructors of law as well as instructors of political science. Front Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 2 Copyright......Page 3 Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 10 Chapter 1 Constitutional Sources of Civil Rights and Liberties......Page 15 Rights Recognized in the Original Constitution......Page 16 The Bill of Rights......Page 22 The Thirteenth Amendment......Page 29 The Fourteenth Amendment......Page 30 The Nationalization of the Bill of Rights......Page 35 Amendments Protecting Voting Rights......Page 38 Standards of Review in Civil Rights and Liberties Cases......Page 41 The Importance of State Constitutions......Page 42 Key Terms......Page 43 Ex Parte Milligan(1866)......Page 44 The Slaughterhouse Cases(1873)......Page 47 The Civil Rights Cases(1883)......Page 51 Shelley v. Kraemer(1948)......Page 55 Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.(1968)......Page 57 DeShaney v. Winnebago Social Services (1989)......Page 60 Barron v. Baltimore (1833)......Page 63 Hurtado v. California (1884)......Page 64 Chicago, Burlington, & Quincy Railroad Company v. Chicago (1897)......Page 66 Palko v. Connecticut (1937)......Page 67 Adamson v. California (1947)......Page 69 Rochin v. California (1952)......Page 73 Duncan v. Louisiana (1968)......Page 75 Chapter 2 Property Rights and Economic Freedom......Page 80 Introduction......Page 81 The Contracts Clause......Page 83 The Rise and Fall of Economic Due Process......Page 86 Equal Protection and Economic Regulation......Page 95 Property Rights and the “Takings” Issue......Page 96 Conclusion......Page 100 Key Terms......Page 101 Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)......Page 102 Charles River Bridge Company v. Warren Bridge Company (1837)......Page 104 Home Building and Loan Association v. Blaisdell (1934)......Page 107 Munn v. Illinois(1877)......Page 110 Lochner v. New York (1905)......Page 113 Adkins v. Children’s Hospital (1923)......Page 117 West Coast Hotel Company v. Parrish (1937)......Page 121 Ferguson v. Skrupa (1963)......Page 124 Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff (1984)......Page 125 Kelo v. City of New London(2005)......Page 127 Chapter 3 Expressive Freedom and the First Amendment......Page 135 Interpretive Foundations of Expressive Freedom......Page 136 The Prohibition of Prior Restraint......Page 138 The Clear and Present Danger Doctrine......Page 141 Fighting Words, Hate Speech, and Profanity......Page 146 Symbolic Speech and Expressive Conduct......Page 149 Defamation......Page 152 The Intractable Obscenity Problem......Page 155 Expressive Activities in the Public Forum......Page 158 Electronic Media and the First Amendment......Page 162 Commercial Speech......Page 164 First Amendment Rights of Public Employees and Beneficiaries......Page 167 Freedom of Association......Page 170 For Further Reading......Page 173 Near v. Minnesota (1931)......Page 174 New York Times Company v. United States (1971)......Page 176 Schenck v. United States (1919)......Page 181 Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969)......Page 182 Cohen v. California (1971)......Page 183 Texas v. Johnson (1989)......Page 186 Virginia v. Black(2003)......Page 190 New York Times Company v. Sullivan (1964)......Page 193 Hustler Magazine v. Falwell(1988)......Page 196 Miller v. California (1973)......Page 199 Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica Foundation (1978)......Page 201 Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union (1997)......Page 204 Edwards v. South Carolina (1963)......Page 207 Adderley v. Florida (1966)......Page 209 Lorillard Tobacco Company v. Reilly (2001)......Page 212 National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley (1988)......Page 214 Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000)......Page 217 Chapter 4 Religious Liberty and Church-State Relations......Page 222 Introduction......Page 223 Religious Belief and the Right to Proselytize......Page 225 Unconventional Religious Practices......Page 226 Patriotic Rituals and Civic Duties......Page 231 Freedom of Religion Versus Parens Patriae......Page 233 The Wall of Separation between Church and State......Page 234 Religion and Public Education......Page 236 Governmental Affirmations of Religious Belief......Page 242 The Problem of Tax Exemptions......Page 244 Tuition Tax Credits......Page 246 For Further Reading......Page 247 West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)......Page 248 Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)......Page 250 Employment Division v. Smith (1990)......Page 254 Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye, Inc. v. City of Hialeah (1993)......Page 258 Everson v. Board of Education (1947)......Page 261 Abington School District v. Schempp (1963)......Page 263 Wallace v. Jaffree (1985)......Page 265 Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (2000)......Page 268 Edwards v. Aguillard(1987)......Page 272 Agostini v. Felton......Page 275 Marsh v. Chambers (1983)......Page 277 McCreary County v. ACLU(2005)......Page 280 Van Orden v. Perry(2005)......Page 285 Walz v. Tax Commission (1970)......Page 289 Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002)......Page 291 Chapter 5 The Constitution and Criminal Justice......Page 298 Search and Seizure......Page 299 The Exclusionary Rule......Page 308 Arrest......Page 311 Police Interrogation and Confessions of Guilt......Page 313 The Right to Counsel......Page 316 Bail and Pretrial Detention......Page 319 Plea Bargaining......Page 320 Trial by Jury......Page 321 The Protection against Double Jeopardy......Page 325 Incarceration and the Rights of Prisoners......Page 327 The Death Penalty......Page 330 Appeal and Postconviction Relief......Page 336 Juvenile Justice......Page 339 Key Terms......Page 340 For Further Reading......Page 341 Olmstead v. United States(1928)......Page 342 Katz v. United States(1967)......Page 344 Kyllo v. United States(2001)......Page 346 Weeks v. United States (1914)......Page 349 Mapp v. Ohio (1961)......Page 351 United States v. Leon (1984)......Page 355 Hudson v. Michigan......Page 359 Miranda v. Arizona (1966)......Page 366 United States v. Dickerson(2000)......Page 370 Powell v. Alabama (1932)......Page 373 Gideon v. Wainwright(1963)......Page 376 Batson v. Kentucky (1986)......Page 378 Kansas v. Hendricks (1997)......Page 382 Furman v. Georgia (1972)......Page 386 Gregg v. Georgia (1976)......Page 390 Roper v. Simmons(2005)......Page 392 Chapter 6 Privacy and Personal Autonomy......Page 398 Introduction......Page 399 Constitutional Foundations of the Right of Privacy......Page 400 Procreation and Birth Control......Page 402 The Abortion Controversy......Page 406 The Right of Privacy and Living Arrangements......Page 414 Privacy and Gay Rights......Page 415 Privacy and “Victimless Crimes”......Page 418 The Right to Die......Page 419 Key Terms......Page 422 Jacobson v. Massachusetts (1905)......Page 423 Meyer v. Nebraska (1923)......Page 425 Buck v. Bell (1927)......Page 426 Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)......Page 427 Roe v. Wade (1973)......Page 432 Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey (1992)......Page 437 Stenberg v. Carhart (2000)......Page 443 Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)......Page 449 Lawrence v. Texas(2003)......Page 453 Washington v. Glucksberg (1997)......Page 460 Chapter 7 Equal Protection and the Antidiscrimination Principle......Page 465 Introduction......Page 466 Levels of Judicial Scrutiny in Equal Protection Cases......Page 467 Bush v. Gore (2000)......Page 8 The Affirmative Action Controversy......Page 476 Gender-Based Discrimination......Page 482 Other Forms of Discrimination......Page 488 The Ongoing Problem of Private Discrimination......Page 496 Key Terms......Page 499 Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)......Page 500 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka I (1954)......Page 503 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka II (1955)......Page 505 Loving v. Virginia (1967)......Page 506 Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)......Page 509 Missouri v. Jenkins (1995)......Page 511 Grutter v. Bolinger(2003)......Page 515 Frontiero v. Richardson (1973)......Page 522 United States v. Virginia (1996)......Page 525 San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez(1973)......Page 528 Romer v. Evans (1996)......Page 532 Chapter 8 Elections, Representation, and Voting Rights......Page 538 Introduction......Page 539 Racial Discrimination in Voting Rights......Page 540 The Reapportionment Decisions......Page 549 Political Parties and Electoral Fairness......Page 552 The Problem of Campaign Finance......Page 555 Conclusion......Page 557 For Further Reading......Page 558 Gomillion v. Lightfoot (1960)......Page 561 Rogers v. Lodge (1982)......Page 565 Reynolds v. Sims (1964)......Page 570 Appendix A The Constitution of the United States of America......Page 586 Appendix B Chronology of Justices of the United States Supreme Court......Page 594 Appendix C Supreme Court Justices by Appointing President, State Appointed From, and Political Party......Page 598 Appendix D Glossary......Page 602 Appendix E Internet Resources......Page 628 Table of Cases......Page 632 Index......Page 644 [This text] combines cases, decisions, and authorial commentary to maximize your learning and understanding in this course. [It] cover[s] the entire range of topics in constitutional law. Each of the chapters includes an extended essay providing the legal, historical, political, and cultural contexts for the set of edited decisions from the United States Supreme Court case that follows. In selecting, editing, and updating the materials, the authors emphasize recent trends in major areas of constitutional interpretation. At the same time, the authors include many landmark decisions, some of which retain importance as precedents while others illustrate the transient nature of constitutional interpretation. Because the book provides a good balance of decisions and authorial commentary, this text appeals to instructors of law as well as instructors of political science.-http://www.booksinprint.com