تاریخ آمریکا، جلد دوم

Front Cover......Page 1 Inside Front Cover......Page 2 About the cover image......Page 3 Title Page......Page 5 Copyright Page......Page 6 Preface: Why This Book This Way......Page 7 Versions and Supplements......Page 12 Brief Contents......Page 16 PART 5: Creating and Preserving a Continental Nation, 1844–1877......Page 19 Maps, Figures, and Tables......Page 29 Chapter 15: Reconstruction, 1865–1877......Page 36 Map 15.1: Reconstruction......Page 41 Map 15.2: The Barrow Plantation, 1860 and 1881......Page 49 Table 15.1: Primary Reconstruction Laws and Constitutional Amendments......Page 42 Chapter 16: Conquering a Continent, 1854–1890......Page 66 Map 16.1: Expansion of the Railroad System, 1870–1890......Page 71 AMERICA COMPARED: The Santa Fe Railroad in Mexico and the United States......Page 72 Map 16.4: Settlement of the Pacific Slope, 1860–1890......Page 75 The Civil War and Indians on the Plains......Page 84 Strategies of Survival......Page 92 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN: Representing Indians......Page 88 Chapter 17: Industrial America: Corporations and Conflicts, 1877–1911......Page 102 Newcomers from Europe......Page 115 Map 17.2: Sources of European Immigration to the United States, 1871–1910......Page 117 Innovators in Enterprise......Page 104 AMERICA COMPARED: Emigrants and Destinations, 1881–1915......Page 118 Chapter 18: The Victorians Make the Modern, 1880–1917......Page 132 Women, Men, and the Solitude of Self......Page 142 Darwinism and Its Critics......Page 151 Table 18.1: High School Graduates, 1870–1910......Page 145 Chapter 19: “Civilization’s Inferno”: The Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1880–1917 ......Page 164 Map 19.1: The Lower East Side, New York City, 1900......Page 171 Figure 19.1: Floor Plan of a Dumbbell Tenement......Page 174 AMERICA COMPARED: The World’s Biggest Cities, 1800–2000......Page 169 Chapter 20: Whose Government? Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880–1917......Page 194 Map 20.1: The Presidential Elections of 1880, 1884, and 1888......Page 197 Map 20.2: The Heyday of Western Populism, 1892......Page 201 New National Realities......Page 204 Map 20.4: The Presidential Elections of 1892 and 1896......Page 206 Economic Reforms......Page 218 Table 20.1: Major Federal Progressive Measures, 1883–1921......Page 220 Chapter 21: An Emerging World Power 1890–1918......Page 230 Map 21.1: The Great Powers in East Asia, 1898–1910......Page 237 Map 21.2: Policeman of the Caribbean......Page 241 War on the Home Front......Page 246 Congress Rejects the Treaty......Page 256 AMERICA COMPARED: The Human Cost of World War I......Page 247 Chapter 22: Cultural Conflict, Bubble, and Bust, 1919–1932 ......Page 262 Map 22.1: Ku Klux Klan Politics and Violence in the 1920s......Page 273 Harlem in Vogue......Page 276 Figure 22.1: Unemployment, 1915–1945......Page 286 Chapter 23: Managing the Great Depression, Forging the New Deal, 1929–1939 ......Page 292 The 1932 Election......Page 297 The New Deal Under Attack......Page 303 Map 23.3: Popular Protest in the Great Depression, 1933–1939......Page 306 Reshaping the Environment......Page 317 The Legacies of the New Deal......Page 319 Table 23.1: American Banks and Bank Failures, 1920–1940......Page 299 Table 23.2: Major New Deal Legislation......Page 308 Chapter 24: The World at War, 1937–1945 ......Page 324 Japanese Removal......Page 345 Map 24.2: World War II in Europe, 1941–1943......Page 348 Map 24.3: World War II in Europe, 1944–1945......Page 349 The Atomic Bomb and the End of the War......Page 351 Map 24.5: World War II in the Pacific, 1943–1945......Page 352 Financing the War......Page 331 AMERICA COMPARED: The Scales of War: Losses and Gains During World War II......Page 332 Chapter 25: Cold War America, 1945–1963......Page 362 The Containment Strategy......Page 366 Map 25.2: The Korean War, 1950–1953......Page 374 Map 25.3: The Military-Industrial Complex......Page 375 Red Scare: The Hunt for Communists......Page 378 The Cold War and Colonial Independence......Page 385 Map 25.6: The United States and Cuba, 1961–1962......Page 389 Truman and the End of Reform......Page 376 AMERICA COMPARED: Arming for the Cold War......Page 372 Chapter 26: Triumph of the Middle Class, 1945–1963 ......Page 396 Map 26.1: Connecting the Nation: The Interstate Highway System, 1930 and 1970......Page 419 Rise of the Sunbelt......Page 420 A Nation of Consumers......Page 401 Figure 26.2: Labor Union Strength, 1900–1997......Page 402 The Baby Boom......Page 408 Chapter 27: Walking into Freedom Land: The Civil Rights Movement, 1941–1973 ......Page 426 Cold War Civil Rights......Page 432 Forging a Protest Movement, 1955–1965......Page 437 Map 27.3: The Civil Rights Struggle, 1954–1965......Page 445 Map 27.4: Black Voter Registration in the South, 1964 and 1975......Page 449 Map 27.5: Decolonization and the Third World, 1943–1990......Page 453 World War II: The Beginnings......Page 430 Chapter 28: Uncivil Wars: Liberal Crisis and Conservative Rebirth, 1961–1972 ......Page 460 Map 28.1: The Presidential Election of 1964......Page 464 Escalation Under Johnson......Page 468 The Nationalist Turn......Page 481 Map 28.4: The Presidential Election of 1972......Page 490 Rebirth of the Women’s Movement......Page 466 Figure 28.2: U.S. Troops in Vietnam, 1960–1973......Page 469 Table 28.1: Major Great Society Legislation......Page 465 Chapter 29: The Search for Order in an Era of Limits, 1973–1980 ......Page 494 Map 29.1: From Rust Belt to Sun Belt, 1940–2000......Page 502 Map 29.2: States Ratifying the Equal Rights Amendment, 1972–1977......Page 511 Energy Crisis......Page 496 Figure 29.2: The Inflation Rate, 1960–2000......Page 501 AMERICA COMPARED: Economic Malaise in the Seventies......Page 504 Figure 29.5: The Increase in Two-Worker Families......Page 516 Jimmy Carter: The Outsider as President......Page 507 Chapter 30: Conservative America in the Ascent, 1980–1991 ......Page 530 The Reagan Coalition......Page 539 Map 30.2: U.S. Involvement in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1954–2000......Page 552 Map 30.3: The Collapse of the Soviet Union and the Creation of Independent States, 1989–1991......Page 555 Figure 30.1: The Annual Federal Budget Deficit (or Surplus), 1940–2009......Page 542 Chapter 31: Confronting Global and National Dilemmas, 1989 to the Present ......Page 560 An Era of Globalization......Page 567 Map 31.2: Hispanic and Asian Populations, 2000......Page 572 Map 31.3: The Presidential Election of 1992......Page 579 Map 31.4: U.S. Involvement in the Middle East, 1979–2010......Page 586 The Rise of the European Union and China......Page 563 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN: Globalization: Its Proponents and Its Discontents......Page 564 AMERICA COMPARED: Global Trade, 1960–2009......Page 566 An Increasingly Plural Society......Page 571 Figure 31.6: Gross Federal Debt as a Percentage of Gross Domestic Product......Page 585 Table 31.1: Impact of the Bush Tax Cuts, 2001–2003......Page 584 AMERICAN COMPARED......Page 32 AMERICAN VOICES: Freedom......Page 46 AMERICAN VOICES: Women’s Rights in the West......Page 80 AMERICAN VOICES: Jewish Immigrants in the Industrial Economy......Page 120 AMERICAN VOICES: Three Interpretations of Social Darwinism......Page 154 AMERICAN VOICES: “These Dead Bodies Were the Answer”: The Triangle Fire......Page 188 AMERICAN VOICES: Theodore Roosevelt: From Anti-Populist to New Nationalist......Page 216 AMERICAN VOICES: Debating the Philippines......Page 238 AMERICAN VOICES: Urban Writers Describe Small-Town America......Page 280 AMERICAN VOICES: Ordinary People Respond to the New Deal ......Page 300 AMERICAN VOICES: Women in the Wartime Workplace......Page 336 AMERICAN VOICES: Hunting Communists and Liberals......Page 380 AMERICAN VOICES: Coming of Age in the Postwar Years......Page 410 AMERICAN VOICES: Challenging White Supremacy ......Page 442 AMERICAN VOICES: The Toll of War......Page 470 AMERICAN VOICES: Debating the Equal Rights Amendment......Page 512 AMERICAN VOICES: Christianity and Public Life......Page 536 AMERICAN VOICES: Immigration After 1965: Its Defenders and Critics......Page 574 AMERICA COMPARED: Labor Laws After Emancipation: Haiti and the United States......Page 40 AMERICA COMPARED: Christianity in the United States and Japan......Page 159 AMERICA COMPARED: A Progressive Reports from New Zealand......Page 211 AMERICA COMPARED: Hollywood in Europe......Page 285 AMERICA COMPARED: The Great Depression in England and the United States......Page 295 AMERICA COMPARED: Hanoch Bartov: Everyone Has a Car ......Page 418 AMERICA COMPARED: Freedom in the United States and Africa ......Page 434 AMERICA COMPARED: The Global Protests of 1968......Page 478 AMERICA COMPARED: Yoichi Funabashi: “Japan and America: Global Partners” ......Page 546 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN......Page 33 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN: The South’s “Lost Cause”......Page 60 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN: Poverty and Food......Page 112 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN: America Picks Up the Telephone......Page 136 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN: Making Mass Media: Newspaper Empires......Page 178 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN: Making Modern Presidents......Page 198 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN: German Americans in World War I ......Page 250 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN: Who Joined the Ku Klux Klan?......Page 274 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN: The New Deal and Public Works......Page 310 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN: Mobilizing the Home Front......Page 342 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN: The Global Cold War......Page 368 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN: The Suburban Landscape of Cold War America......Page 416 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN: Civil Rights and Black Power: Strategy and Ideology ......Page 446 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN: Debating the War in Vietnam......Page 474 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN: The Environmental Movement: Reimagining the Human-Earth Relationship......Page 498 THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN: Personal Computing: A Technological Revolution ......Page 548 Half Title Page......Page 35 Presidential Approaches: From Lincoln to Johnson......Page 38 Congress Versus the President......Page 39 Woman Suffrage Denied......Page 43 The Quest for Land......Page 45 Republican Governments in the South......Page 51 Building Black Communities......Page 53 The Republicans Unravel......Page 55 Counterrevolution in the South......Page 56 Reconstruction Rolled Back......Page 57 Lasting Legacies......Page 59 Chapter Review: LearningCurve......Page 63 The New Union and the World......Page 68 Integrating the National Economy......Page 69 Incorporating the West......Page 73 Mining Empires......Page 74 Cattlemen on the Plains......Page 76 Homesteaders......Page 77 The First National Park......Page 82 A Harvest of Blood: Native Peoples Dispossessed......Page 83 Grant’s Peace Policy......Page 86 The End of Armed Resistance......Page 90 Western Myths and Realities......Page 93 Chapter Review: LearningCurve......Page 94 PART 6: Industrializing America: Upheavals and Experiments, 1877–1917......Page 98 The Corporate Workplace......Page 107 On the Shop Floor......Page 108 Immigrants, East and West......Page 114 Labor Gets Organized......Page 122 The Emergence of a Labor Movement......Page 123 The Knights of Labor......Page 125 Farmers and Workers: The Cooperative Alliance......Page 126 Another Path: The American Federation of Labor......Page 127 Chapter Review: LearningCurve......Page 129 Consumer Spaces......Page 134 Masculinity and the Rise of Sports......Page 138 The Great Outdoors......Page 141 Changes in Family Life......Page 143 Education......Page 144 From Domesticity to Women’s Rights......Page 147 Science and Faith......Page 150 Realism in the Arts......Page 152 Religion: Diversity and Innovation......Page 156 Chapter Review: LearningCurve......Page 161 The Shape of the Industrial City......Page 166 Newcomers and Neighborhoods......Page 167 City Cultures......Page 173 Urban Machines......Page 177 The Limits of Machine Government......Page 181 Crucibles of Progressive Reform......Page 182 Fighting Dirt and Vice......Page 183 The Movement for Social Settlements......Page 185 Cities and National Politics......Page 187 Chapter Review: LearningCurve......Page 191 Electoral Politics After Reconstruction......Page 196 The Populist Program......Page 200 Depression and Reaction......Page 202 Democrats and the “Solid South”......Page 203 Theodore Roosevelt as President......Page 208 Diverse Progressive Goals......Page 210 The Election of 1912......Page 214 Progressive Legacies......Page 221 Chapter Review: LearningCurve......Page 223 PART 7: Domestic and Global Challenges, 1890–1945 ......Page 226 The War of 1898......Page 232 Spoils of War......Page 235 The Open Door in Asia......Page 236 The United States and Latin America......Page 240 From Neutrality to War......Page 242 “Over There”......Page 244 Catastrophe at Versailles......Page 254 The Fate of Wilson’s Ideas......Page 255 Chapter Review: LearningCurve......Page 258 Racial Strife......Page 264 Erosion of Labor Rights......Page 265 The Red Scare......Page 266 Women in Politics......Page 267 Republicans and Business......Page 268 Dollar Diplomacy......Page 269 Culture Wars......Page 270 Critiquing American Life......Page 278 The Postwar Economy......Page 279 The Coming of the Great Depression......Page 284 Chapter Review: LearningCurve......Page 288 Enter Herbert Hoover......Page 294 Rising Discontent......Page 296 Roosevelt and the First Hundred Days......Page 298 The Welfare State Comes into Being......Page 305 From Reform to Stalemate......Page 307 A People’s Democracy......Page 309 Chapter Review: LearningCurve......Page 321 The Rise of Fascism......Page 326 War Approaches......Page 327 The Attack on Pearl Harbor......Page 330 Mobilizing the American Fighting Force......Page 334 Workers and the War Effort......Page 335 Life on the Home Front......Page 339 “For the Duration”......Page 340 Migration and the Wartime City......Page 341 Wartime Aims and Tensions......Page 346 The War in Europe......Page 347 The War in the Pacific......Page 350 The Toll of the War......Page 353 Chapter Review: LearningCurve......Page 355 PART 8: The Modern State and the Age of Liberalism, 1945–1980 ......Page 358 Origins of the Cold War......Page 364 Containment in Asia......Page 371 The Politics of Cold War Liberalism......Page 383 Containment in the Postcolonial World......Page 384 John F. Kennedy and the Cold War......Page 387 Making a Commitment in Vietnam......Page 390 Chapter Review: LearningCurve......Page 392 Economy: From Recovery to Dominance......Page 398 Youth Culture......Page 405 Religion and the Middle Class......Page 407 Women, Work, and Family......Page 409 Challenging Middle-Class Morality......Page 413 The Postwar Housing Boom......Page 414 Two Societies: Urban and Suburban......Page 421 Chapter Review: LearningCurve ......Page 423 Life Under Jim Crow......Page 428 Origins of the Civil Rights Movement......Page 429 Mexican Americans and Japanese Americans......Page 433 Fighting for Equality Before the Law......Page 435 Nonviolent Direct Action......Page 438 Legislating Civil Rights, 1963–1965......Page 441 Black Nationalism......Page 450 Rise of the Chicano Movement......Page 454 The American Indian Movement......Page 455 Chapter Review: LearningCurve......Page 457 John F. Kennedy’s Promise......Page 462 Rise of the Student Movement......Page 472 War Abroad, Tragedy at Home......Page 477 The Antiwar Movement and the 1968 Election......Page 479 Women’s Liberation......Page 482 Stonewall and Gay Liberation......Page 483 Richard Nixon and the Politics of the Silent Majority......Page 484 Nixon in Vietnam......Page 485 The Silent Majority Speaks Out......Page 487 The 1972 Election......Page 489 Chapter Review: LearningCurve ......Page 491 Environmentalism......Page 497 Economic Transformation......Page 500 Urban Crisis and Suburban Revolt......Page 503 Politics in Flux, 1973–1980......Page 505 Civil Rights in a New Era......Page 508 The Women’s Movement and Gay Rights......Page 510 Working Families in the Age of Deindustrialization......Page 515 Navigating the Sexual Revolution......Page 518 Religion in the 1970s: The Fourth Great Awakening......Page 519 Chapter Review: LearningCurve......Page 523 PART 9: Global Capitalism and the End of the American Century, 1980 to the Present......Page 526 Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan: Champions of the Right......Page 532 Free-Market Economics and Religious Conservatism......Page 533 The Carter Presidency......Page 535 Conservatives in Power......Page 540 Morning in America......Page 543 The End of the Cold War......Page 547 U.S.-Soviet Relations in a New Era......Page 550 A New Political Order at Home and Abroad......Page 553 Chapter Review: LearningCurve......Page 557 America in the Global Economy......Page 562 Revolutions in Technology......Page 569 Politics and Partisanship in a New Era......Page 570 Clashes over “Family Values”......Page 576 The Clinton Presidency, 1993–2001......Page 578 Post–Cold War Foreign Policy......Page 580 The Ascendance of George W. Bush......Page 583 The Obama Presidency......Page 588 Chapter Review: LearningCurve......Page 591 The Declaration of Independence......Page 595 The Constitution of the United States of America......Page 597 Amendments to the Constitution (Including the Six Unratified Amendments)......Page 603 Appendix......Page 609 Glossary......Page 617 Index......Page 633 Inside Back Cover......Page 675 Back Cover......Page 676