کهربا، رزین و رزین‌های فسیلی: توسعه‌یافته از سمپوزیومی که توسط بخش ژئوشیمی در ۲۰۸مین نشست ملی انجمن شیمی آمریکا، واشنگتن، دی‌سی، از ۲۱ تا ۲۵ اوت ۱۹۹۴ برگزار شد

Content: Biology of amber-producing trees : focus on case studies of Hymenaea and Agathis / Jean H. Langenheim -- Stable isotope composition of amber / Arie Nissenbaum and Dan Yakir -- Resin-derived hydrocarbons in fresh and fossil dammar resins and Miocene rocks and oils in the Mahakam Delta, Indonesia / Scott A. Stout -- Pyrolytic and spectroscopic studies of the diagenetic alteration of resinites / Tatsushi Murae, Shuji Shimokawa, and A. Aihara -- Maturation of class Ib (polylabdanoid) resinites / David J. Clifford and Patrick G. Hatcher -- New evidence concerning the structure, composition, and maturation of class I (polylabdanoid) resinites / Ken B. Anderson -- Gedanite and gedano-succinite / Edith C. Stout, Curt W. Beck, and Barbara Kosmowska-Ceranowicz -- Unusual resin chemistry from Upper Carboniferous pteridosperm resin rodlets / P.F. van Bergen, M.E. Collinson, A.C. Scott, and J.W. de Leeuw -- Analysis of fossil resins from Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian Arctic / Ken B. Anderson and Ben A. LePage -- Resin from Africa and South America : criteria for distinguishing between fossilized and recent resin based on NMR spectroscopy / Joseph B. Lambert, Suzanne C. Johnson, and George O. Poinar, Jr. -- The age of Dominican amber / David A. Grimaldi -- The petrology of resinite in American coals / John C. Crelling -- Trace amino acid composition of natural resins : elucidating the nature of resinous artists' materials / S.M. Halpine -- Amino acids in the amber matrix and in entombed insects / Xueyun S. Wang, Hendrik N. Poinar, George O. Poinar, Jr., and Jeffrey L. Bada -- Dammar resin : a chemical model for reactions of Utah resinite / Richard Dutta and Harold H. Schobert -- Recovery and characterization of macroscopic fossil resins from Western coals / Q. Yu, L. Li, and J.D. Miller. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 617 bk-1995-0617%2Efw001 1 Title Page 1 Half Title Page 3 Copyright 4 1995 Advisory Board 5 Foreword 6 bk-1995-0617%2Epr001 7 Preface 7 Acknowledgments 8 Introduction 9 Definitions and Nomenclature: 9 Classification of Ambers: 10 The 'Age' and 'Maturity' of Fossil Resins 11 Preservation of Biological Materials in Amber: 13 Future Research and New Directions 14 Literature Cited. 15 bk-1995-0617%2Ech001 16 Chapter 1 Biology of Amber-Producing Trees: Focus on Case Studies of Hymenaea and Agathis 16 Raison d'être of Resins 17 General Biological Background of Resin-producing Trees 20 Case Study of Hymenaea (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) 27 Case Study of Agathis (Araucariaceae) 36 Summary and Conclusions 39 Acknowledgments 42 Literature Cited 42 bk-1995-0617%2Ech002 47 Chapter 2 Stable Isotope Composition of Amber 47 Materials and Methods. 48 Results 49 Discussion 54 Acknowledgment 56 References 56 bk-1995-0617%2Ech003 58 Chapter 3 Resin-Derived Hydrocarbons in Fresh and Fossil Dammar Resins and Miocene Rocks and Oils in the Mahakam Delta, Indonesia 58 Samples and Methods 61 Results and Discussion 63 Conclusions 84 Acknowledgments 89 References 89 bk-1995-0617%2Ech004 91 Chapter 4 Pyrolytic and Spectroscopic Studies of the Diagenetic Alteration of Resinites 91 Resinite Samples 94 Experimental 94 Results and Discussion 94 Conclusions 106 Literature Cited 106 bk-1995-0617%2Ech005 107 Chapter 5 Maturation of Class Ib (Polylabdanoid) Resinites 107 Samples and Methods 108 Results and Discussion 110 Proposed Maturation Pathways. 118 Conclusions 118 References 119 bk-1995-0617%2Ech006 120 Chapter 6 New Evidence Concerning the Structure, Composition, and Maturation of Class I (Polylabdanoid) Resinites 120 Introduction and Background. 121 Experimental. 126 Results and Discussion. 128 Conclusions. 142 Acknowledgements. 143 Literature Cited: 144 bk-1995-0617%2Ech007 145 Chapter 7 Gedanite and Gedano-Succinite 145 Materials used in this study 149 Experimental Techniques: GC-MS 150 Results and Discussion 150 Infrared Spectroscopy 158 Conclusions 161 Acknowledgments 162 Literature Cited 162 bk-1995-0617%2Ech008 164 Chapter 8 Unusual Resin Chemistry from Upper Carboniferous Pteridosperm Resin Rodlets 164 Sample Description 166 Experimental 166 Results 168 Discussion and Wider Implications 172 Differences between the Resin Rodlets 180 Conclusions 181 Acknowledgments 182 References 182 bk-1995-0617%2Ech009 185 Chapter 9 Analysis of Fossil Resins from Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian Arctic 185 Speculation on the Botanical Nature of the "Amber Trees" 186 Experimental 188 Results and Discussion 193 Appendix I 194 Conclusions 205 Acknowledgments 205 Literature Cited 206 bk-1995-0617%2Ech010 208 Chapter 10 Resin from Africa and South America: Criteria for Distinguishing Between Fossilized and Recent Resin Based on NMR Spectroscopy 208 Materials and Methods 209 Discussion 209 Literature Cited 217 bk-1995-0617%2Ech011 218 Chapter 11 The Age of Dominican Amber 218 Amber Localities In The Dominican Republic 219 Lambert et al. Study 220 Stratigraphic Data 224 Relative Dating Based On The Inclusions 226 Literature Cited 230 bk-1995-0617%2Ech012 233 Chapter 12 The Petrology of Resinite in American Coals 233 Occurrence 234 Petrography 238 Summary 246 Acknowledgments 246 Literature Cited 246 bk-1995-0617%2Ech013 249 Chapter 13 Trace Amino Acid Composition of Natural Resins Elucidating the Nature of Resinous Artists' Materials 249 Background 250 Sample Preparation and Extraction 252 Amino Acid Analysis of Paint Samples: Results and Discussion 255 Future Research Goals 266 Acknowledgments 266 Literature Cited 266 bk-1995-0617%2Ech014 270 Chapter 14 Amino Acids in the Amber Matrix and in Entombed Insects 270 Experimental Methods 271 Results And Discussion 272 Conclusions 276 Acknowledgments 277 References 277 bk-1995-0617%2Ech015 278 Chapter 15 Dammar Resin: A Chemical Model for Reactions of Utah Resinite 278 Jet Fuel Stability 279 Selection of Feedstocks 279 Background Discussion on Resin Research 280 Experimental 281 Results 282 Processing Implications and Conclusions 286 Acknowledgments 292 Literature Cited 292 bk-1995-0617%2Ech016 294 Chapter 16 Recovery and Characterization of Macroscopic Fossil Resins from Western Coals 294 CHARACTERIZATION OF MACROSCOPIC FOSSIL RESIN TYPES 295 SELECTIVE FLOTATION OF FOSSIL RESIN FROM COAL 298 SOLVENT REFINING OF FOSSIL RESIN CONCENTRATES 300 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 301 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 301 REFERENCES 302 bk-1995-0617%2Eix001 303 Author Index 303 Affiliation Index 303 bk-1995-0617%2Eix002 304 Subject Index 304 A 304 B 305 C 305 D 306 E 307 F 307 G 307 H 308 I 308 J 308 K 308 L 308 M 308 N 308 O 309 P 309 R 309 S 310 T 310 U 311 W 311 THE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES was first published in 1974 to provide a mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The purpose of this series is to publish comprehensive books developed from symposia,which are usually "snapshots in time" of the current research being done on a topic,plus some review material on the topic. For this reason,it is necessary that the papers be published as quickly as possible. Intended for geochemists, chemists concerned with art or archaeology, and petrologists, this book reports the state of the art in chemical studies of ambers, including structural characterization, isotopic composition, maturation studies; resinite-derived oils and amino acid distributions. Ken B. Anderson, Editor, John C. Crelling, Editor. Developed From A Symposium Sponsored By The Division Of Geochemistry At The 208th National Meeting Of The American Chemical Society, Washington, Dc, August 21-25, 1994. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes.