Als scheuren in de aarde

Bringing together papers written by Norman Fairclough over a 25 year period, __Critical Discourse Analysis__ represents a comprehensive and important contribution to the development of this popular field. The book is divided into seven sections covering the following themes: * language in relation to ideology and power * discourse in processes of social and cultural change * dialectics of discourse, dialectical relations between discourse and other moments of social life * methodology of critical discourse analysis research * analysis of political discourse * discourse in globalisation and ‘transition’ * critical language awareness in education The new edition has been extensively revised and enlarged to include a total of twenty two papers. It will be of value to researchers in the subject and should prove essential reading for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in Linguistics and other areas of social science. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Table of Contents 6 Series editor’s preface 8 Acknowledgements 11 General introduction 14 1 Discourse, analysis, critique 16 2 What is CDA, and what is not CDA 23 3 CDA and neo-liberal capitalism 24 4 Manifesto for CDA in a time of crisis 27 Section A: Language, ideology and power 36 Introduction 38 1. Critical and descriptive goals in discourse analysis 43 Abstract 43 1 Introduction: orderliness and naturalisation 44 2 Social institutions and critical analysis 52 3 Critical and descriptive goals 58 3.1 Background knowledge 58 3.2 Goals 60 3.3 Power and status 61 3.4 Conclusion: research objectives 63 4 Concluding remarks: resistance 64 Text 5 65 Notes 67 2. Language and ideology 69 1 Introduction 69 2 Location of ideology 70 3 Discourse and text 71 4 Hegemony 74 5 Limits of ideology 80 Acknowledgements 81 3. Semiosis, ideology and mediation. A dialectical view 82 1 Two examples 82 2 Mediation and ideology 85 3 Critical discourse analysis 87 4 Mediation and ideology 91 5 The Romanian cases 92 Section B: Discourse and sociocultural change 98 Introduction 100 4. Critical discourse analysis and the marketisation of public discourse: the universities 104 1 Towards a social theory of discourse 104 2 Analytical framework 107 3 Language and discourse in late capitalist society 109 4 Marketisation of public discourse: the universities 113 5 Conclusion 131 5. Discourse, change and hegemony 139 Abstract 139 1 Discourse and hegemony 140 2 A critical approach to discourse analysis 144 3 Technologisation of discourse 150 4 Conclusion 158 6. Ideology and identity change in political television 159 1 Introduction 159 2 Ambivalence 165 3 Disfluency 166 4 Mediatised political discourse: a new hegemony? 169 Section C: Dialectics of discourse: theoretical developments 174 Introduction 176 7. Discourse, social theory, and social research: the discourse of welfare reform 180 1 Sociolinguistic theory 180 2 The place of social linguistics in social research on modernity 181 3 New Labour 183 4 Texts and social practices 185 4.1 Social practices 185 4.2 Texts – the dialectics of discourse 186 4.3 Genres, styles and discourses 187 4.4 Field, order of discourse, intertextuality 188 4.5 Structure and action 188 4.6 New Labour, government and text 189 5 New Labour welfare ‘reform’: the textual moment 191 5.1 ‘Reform’ of social welfare 191 5.2 Generic chaining 192 5.3 Recontextualisation 194 5.4 Genre and framing 194 5.5 Discourse and classification 198 5.6 Equivalence and difference 201 6 Conclusion 205 8. Critical realism and semiosis (with Bob Jessop and Andrew Sayer) 215 1 Why critical realism must address semiosis 216 2 The social preconditions and context of semiosis 219 3 The role of semiosis in social structuration 223 4 Semiotic formations and their emergent properties: from abstract to concrete 225 5 Conclusions 231 Section D: Methodology in CDA research 236 Introduction 238 9. A dialectical–relational approach to critical discourse analysis in social research 243 1 Theory and concepts 243 2 Methodology 247 3 An example: political discourse analysis 252 4 An illustration: analysing political texts 255 5 Discussion 264 10. Understanding the new management ideology. A transdisciplinary contribution from critical discourse analysis and the new sociology of capitalism (with Eve Chiapello) 268 1 The theoretical framework of the ‘new spirit of capitalism’ 269 1.1 The notion of the ‘spirit of capitalism’ 269 1.2 The fairness dimension of the spirit of capitalism: the ‘cité’ model 273 2 Critical discourse analysis 277 3 Analysis of the sample text 280 3.1 Genre 281 3.2 Style 284 3.3 Discourse 286 3.4 Texturing 288 4 Conclusion 292 11. Critical discourse analysis in researching language in the new capitalism: overdetermination, transdisciplinarity and textual analysis 294 1 Language in new capitalism 295 2 An example: the Blair text 296 3 The global space–time 298 4 The national space–time 299 5 CDA in research on new capitalism 302 6 Overdetermination and transdisciplinarity 307 7 Space–time and equivalence/difference relations 309 8 Conclusion 311 12. Marx as a critical discourse analyst: the genesis of a critical method and its relevance to the critique of global capital (with Phil Graham) 314 1 Introduction 314 2 Critical discourse analysis: a brief overview 317 3 Marx, classical scholarship and language: an historical contextualisation 318 4 The ‘doctrine of abstraction’ and its significance to Marx’s thought 319 5 Dialectics: outlines of a method 321 6 Ideology: language and language critique 324 7 Language critique in the development of Marx’s method 329 8 Critique of Hegel’s Doctrine of the State 330 9 Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts 335 10 Capital 341 11 Critique of the Gotha Programme 343 12 The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 344 13 Marx and CDA 349 14 Marx as discourse analyst 351 15 Conclusion 353 13. Critical discourse analysis, organisational discourse and organisational change 360 1 Organising, organisation and organisational discourse 362 2 A critical realist approach to discourse analysis 367 2.1 Critical realism 368 2.2 Critical discourse analysis 370 3 Discourse analysis in a critical realist approach to organisational studies and organisational change 374 3.1 Critical realist approaches to organisational studies 374 3.2 CDA and organisational change 375 4 Conclusion 383 Section E: Political discourse 388 Introduction 390 14. New Labour: a language perspective 393 1 Critical discourse analysis 394 2 CDA of the language of New Labour 395 3 The political discourse of the ‘Third Way’ 396 Third Way – our values 396 4 Genres of government 398 5 Blair’s political style 400 6 Conclusion 403 15. Democracy and the public sphere in critical research on discourse 405 1 Arendt on the public sphere 409 2 Framework for CDA of the public sphere 410 2.1 A discursive practice as a regulative practice 411 2.2 A discursive practice as a space of emergence 411 2.3 A discursive practice as a principle of recontextualisation 412 2.4 A discursive practice as a constituent of action 413 2.5 Public sphere discursive practices within social orders of discourse 413 3 Example: monarchy – the nation decides 414 3.1 Regulative practice 416 3.2 Space of emergence 417 Principle of recontextualisation 417 4 Conclusion 419 16. Critical discourse analysis and citizenship (with Simon Pardoe and Bronislaw Szerszynski) 425 1 Researching citizenship 425 2 Constructing the object of research 426 3 A practical and theoretical framework for the analysis of participatory events 430 3.1 The value of CDA in researching citizenship as a communicative achievement 430 3.2 Researching the chains of events and texts: intertextuality, interdiscursivity and recontextualisation 433 4 Three interrelated strands for the analysis 435 4.1 Strand 1: The genre struggles within and around the publicinteractions 436 4.2 Strand 2: Switches in/struggles over voice and style 440 4.3 Strand 3: The discourses around public participation 443 5 Conclusion 446 17. ‘Political correctness’: the politics of culture and language 450 1 Socio-historical context: society, culture and language 451 2 Theory: language, social practices and social change 455 3 Political strategy and tactics: the politics of culture and language 457 4 Conclusion 459 Acknowledgements 461 Section F: Globalisation and ‘transition’ 462 Introduction 464 18. Language and globalisation 467 1 Views on discourse as a facet of globalisation 469 2 Discourses of globalisation 472 3 Re-scaling 476 4 Media and mediation 481 5 Globals and locals 484 6 War and terrorism 486 7 Conclusion 489 19. Global capitalism, terrorism and war: a discourse-analytical perspective 491 Conclusion 512 20. Discourse and ‘transition’ in Central and Eastern Europe 516 1 Critical discourse analysis 516 2 Discourse as an element of processes of ‘transition’ 518 3 Theorising ‘transition’ 519 4 Recontextualisation of the ‘knowledge-based economy’ and ‘information society’ in Romanian policy texts 523 5 Conclusion 532 Section G: Language and education 540 Introduction 542 21. Critical language awareness and self-identity in education 544 1 Language awareness: critical and non-critical approaches 547 2 Critical language awareness in practice: identity in academic writing 551 Notes 556 22. Global capitalism and critical awareness of language 557 1 An example: the discourse of ‘flexibility’ 558 2 Discourse, knowledge and social change 561 3 Textually mediated social life 562 4 Discourse, social difference and social identity 563 5 Commodification of discourse 564 6 Discourse and democracy 565 7 Critical awareness of discourse and the new global capitalism 566 8 Critique: social science, discourse analysis, discourse awareness 567 8.1 Critical discourse awareness and education 568 Bibliography and references 571 Index 595 Bringing together papers written by Norman Fairclough over a 25 year period, Critical Discourse Analysis represents a comprehensive and important contribution to the development of this popular field.  The book is divided into seven sections covering the following themes:  language in relation to ideology and powerdiscourse in processes of social and cultural change dialectics of discourse, dialectical relations between discourse and other moments of social lifemethodology of critical discourse analysis research analysis of political discourse discourse in globalisation and ‘transition’ critical language awareness in education  The new edition has been extensively revised and enlarged to include a total of twenty two papers. It will be of value to researchers in the subject and should prove essential reading for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in Linguistics and other areas of social science.    Fairclough presents an interdisciplinary approach to the study of discourse viewing language as a form of social practice and focusing on the ways social and political domination are reproduced by text and talk. He provides an historical overview to this important discipline and concentrates on cutting-edge research in the field