AJCC cancer staging atlas : a companion to the seventh editions of the AJCC cancer staging manual and handbook

Significantly expanded, expertly and beautifully illustrated, The AJCC Cancer Staging Atlas, 2 nd Edition, offers more than 600 illustrations created exclusively for this new edition and is fully updated to reflect the concepts discussed in the 7 th Edition of both the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual and its companion Handbook. This Atlas illustrates the TNM classifications of all cancer sites and types included in the 7th Edition of the Manual and visually conceptualizes the TNM classifications and stage groupings. Specifically designed for simplicity and precision, the drawings have been verified through multi-disciplinary review to ensure accuracy and relevancy for clinical use. Every illustration provides detailed anatomic depictions to clarify critical structures and to allow the reader to instantly visualize the progressive extent of malignant disease. In addition, nodal maps are included for each site, appropriate labeling has been incorporated to identify significant anatomic structures, and each illustration is accompanied by an explanatory legend. The AJCC Cancer Staging Atlas, 2 nd Edition, is an official publication of the American Joint Committee on Cancer, the recognized international leader in state-of-the-art information on cancer staging. This Atlas has been created as a companion to the updated 7th Edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, which continues to disseminate the importance of anatomical and pathological staging in the management of cancer. This state-of-the-art, invaluable 2 nd Edition includes a CD containing PowerPoint slides of all illustrations, additional color, and a user-friendly, easy-to-read layout. The AJCC Cancer Staging Atlas, 2nd Edition will serve as an indispensable reference for clinicians, registrars, students, trainees, and patients. AJCC CANCER STAGING ATLAS Preface Acknowledgment of Contributors Contents Part I: General Information on Cancer Staging and End-Results Reporting 1: Purposes and Principles of Cancer Staging Introduction And Overview Nomenclature of The Morphology of Cancer General Rules for Tnm Staging Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Histopathologic Type, Grade, and Other Descriptors Organization of the Ajcc Cancer Staging Manual and Anatomic Sites and Regions 2: Cancer Survival Analysis Basic Concepts The Life Table Method The Kaplan–Meier Method Patient-, Disease-, and Treatment-Speci fi c Survival Cause-Adjusted Survival Rate Competing Risks/Cumulative Incidence Relative Survival Regression Methods Standard Error of a Survival Rate Comparison of Survival Between Patient Groups Summary Part II: Head and Neck Summary of Changes Other groups: Regional Lymph Nodes (N) (Figure II.4) Distant Metastasis (M) 3: Lip and Oral Cavity Summary of Changes Anatomy Characteristics of Tumor Prognostic Features Zubrod/ECOG Performance Scale De fi nitions of Tnm Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) (See Part II Head and Neck Figures II.1–II.4) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 4: Pharynx Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features Zubrod/ECOG Performance Scale Mucosal Melanoma De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Nasopharynx Oropharynx Hypopharynx Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Nasopharynx Regional Lymph Nodes (N) * (See Part II Head and Neck Figures II.1–II.4) Oropharynx and Hypopharynx Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 5: Larynx Summary of Changes Anatomy Mucosal Melanoma De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Supraglottis Glottis Subglottis Regional Lymph Nodes (N) * (See Part II Head and Neck Figures II.1–II.4) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site Speci fi c Factors) 6: Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features Zubrod/ECOG Performance Scale De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Maxillary Sinus Nasal Cavity and Ethmoid Sinus Regional Lymph Nodes (N) (See Part II Head and Neck Figures II.1–II.4) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 7: Major Salivary Glands Summary of Changes Anatomy De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) (See Part II Head and Neck Figures II.1–II.4) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 8: Thyroid Summary of Changes Anatomy De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Anatomic Stage/Prognostic Groups Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 9: Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck Summary of Changes Anatomy De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor Regional Lymph Nodes (See Part II Head and Neck Figures II.1–II.4) Distant Metastasis Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) (Recommended for Collection) Part III: Digestive System 10: Esophagus and Esophagogastric Junction Summary of Changes Anatomy Nonanatomic Tumor Characteristics De fi nitions Of TNM Primary Tumor (T) * Regional Lymph Nodes (N) * Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) Adenocarcinoma 11: Stomach Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 12: Small Intestine Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 13: Appendix Summary of Changes Appendiceal Carcinomas Appendiceal Carcinoids Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Carcinoma Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Carcinoid Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 14 : Colon and Rectum Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 15: Anus Sec1_15 Summary Of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions Of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 16: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM (For Gists at All Sites) Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Histopathologic Grade Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 17: Neuroendocrine Tumors Summary of Changes Anatomy Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Stomach Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastases (M) Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastases (M) Colon or Rectum Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastases (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 18: Liver Summary of Changes T Category Changes N Category Changes Stage Grouping Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features Fibrosis Score (F) De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 19: Intrahepatic Bile Ducts Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 20: Gallbladder Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 21: Perihilar Bile Ducts Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 22: Distal Bile Duct Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 23 : Ampulla of Vater Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 24: Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas Summary of Changes Anatomy De fi nition of Location Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) Part IV: Thorax 25: Lung Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) Additional Notes Regarding TNM Descriptors 26: Pleural Mesothelioma Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) Part V: Musculoskeletal Sites 27: Bone Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 28: Soft Tissue Sarcoma Summary of Changes Anatomy Staging of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Prognostic Features De fi nition Of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) Part VI: Skin 29 : Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Other Cutaneous Carcinomas Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features Conclusions De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) * Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 30: Merkel Cell Carcinoma Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features and Survival Results De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 31: Melanoma of the Skin Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features Stage Groups De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastatis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) Part VII: Breast 32: Breast Summary of Changes Tumor (T) Nodes (N) Metastases (M) Postneoadjuvant Therapy (yc or ypTNM) Prognostic Features Anatomy De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Pathologic (pN) * Posttreatment ypN Distant Metastases (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) Part VIII: Gynecologic Sites 33 : Vulva Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 34: Vagina Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 35: Cervix Uteri Summary Of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions Of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 36: Corpus Uteri Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Uterine Carcinomas Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) Leiomyosarcoma and Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Adenosarcoma Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Sec19_36 37 : Ovary and Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 38: Fallopian Tube Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 39: Gestational Trophoblastic Tumors Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) Part IX: Genitourinary Sites 40 : Penis Summary of Changes Anatomy De fi nitions Of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 41: Prostate Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features Outcomes By Stage, Grade, And Psa De fi nitions Of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Clinical (cT) Primary Tumor (T) (continued) Pathologic (pT) * Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Clinical Pathologic Distant Metastasis (M) * Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 42: Testis Summary of Changes Anatomy De fi nitions Of Tnm Primary Tumor (T) * Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Clinical Pathologic (pN) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 43: Kidney Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features And Integrated Algorithms Prognostic Features for RCC De fi nitions Of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 44: Renal Pelvis and Ureter Summary Of Changes Anatomy De fi nitions Of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) * Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 45 : Urinary Bladder Summary of Changes Anatomy Prognostic Features De fi nitions of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) (Recommended for Collection) 46: Urethra Summary of Changes Anatomy De fi nitions Of TNM Primary Tumor (T) (Male and Female) Urothelial (Transitional Cell) Carcinoma of the Prostate Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 47: Adrenal Summary Of Changes Anatomy De fi nitions Of TNM Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Distant Metastasis (M) Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) Part X: Lymphoid Neoplasms Introduction Pathology 48 : Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas Summary of Changes Prognostic Features Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) 49: Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas Summary Of Changes De fi nitions Of TNM ISCL/EORTC Revision to the Classi fi cation of Mycosis fungoides and Sézary Syndrome Skin Node Visceral Peripheral Blood Involvement Prognostic Factors (Site-Speci fi c Factors) Index