Airport Regulation, Law, and Public Policy : The Management and Growth of Infrastructure

The dramatic rise in air traffic, together with rapid residential and commercial development around our metropolitan areas, has strained the capacity of airports to serve the public safely and efficiently. Hardaway's book explores this problem in depth. Drawing on both the hands-on expertise of professionals in the field and a thorough grounding in law and public policy, it looks at the laws governing airport development and addresses the complex regulatory and policy issues surrounding the construction, expansion, and operation of airports. Beginning with a review of airport regulation from 1903 onward, Hardaway examines aspects of regulatory power, including federal and local authority, local proprietorship, and citizens' concerns. Chapters on airport planning, financing, and operation have been contributed by experts with practical experience in these fields. The question of civil rights in employment and marketplace competition is also considered. Other topics addressed are local, state, and federal regulation of noise; responses to the terrorist threat; the airport as a public forum for free speech and the exercise of religion; the economics of regulation; and the impact of anti-trust legislation. Offering constructive proposals for policy development as well as detailed analysis of current problems, this book will be appropriate reading for students, educators, and professionals concerned with air transportation development, management, policy, and law. Contents......Page 8 PREFACE......Page 12 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 14 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 20 The Early Years (1903–1925)......Page 28 The Trend toward Public Ownership of Airports (1925–1938)......Page 29 The Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938......Page 32 The Federal Airport Act of 1946......Page 35 The Federal Aviation Act of 1958......Page 37 The Airport and Airway Acts (1970–1987)......Page 38 The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978......Page 40 Airline Deregulation: The Aftermath (1978–1984)......Page 43 Airline Deregulation and Airport Regulation: At the Crossroads (1984–1990)......Page 45 The Airport Proprietor......Page 52 Allocation of Airport Regulatory Authority......Page 53 Federal Preemption of Regulatory Authority......Page 54 The Proprietor Exception to Preemption......Page 55 Liability for Airport Noise Pollution......Page 57 The Federalist Debate......Page 59 Airport Proprietary Restrictions......Page 61 Nonproprietary Regulation by Local Governments......Page 62 Inverse Condemnation......Page 63 Nuisance and Trespass......Page 64 Airport Resource Allocation......Page 66 Landing Fees......Page 70 4. AIRPORT PLANNING......Page 82 Systems Planning......Page 83 Project Planning......Page 88 Environmental Planning......Page 93 Planning for Noise Compatibility......Page 104 Planning for Unobstructed Flight......Page 105 Other Applicable Federal Requirements......Page 106 History......Page 112 Internal Funding......Page 117 Bond Ratings......Page 118 Private Placements......Page 119 Bond Insurance......Page 120 Interest Rates......Page 121 Recovery Provisions......Page 122 Conclusion......Page 123 International Regulation......Page 126 Certification......Page 127 Airport Certification Manual......Page 128 Operations......Page 130 Conclusion......Page 135 Appendix: Airport Certification/Safety Inspection Checklist......Page 138 Local Regulation......Page 140 Federal Regulation......Page 141 Toward a Federal Noise Policy for the 1990s......Page 146 Conclusion......Page 148 The Terrorist Threat......Page 152 History......Page 154 Federal Regulation......Page 159 Constitutionality......Page 161 Presidential Commission Report......Page 169 9. FIRST AMENDMENT FREEDOMS......Page 178 The Public Forum Doctrine......Page 179 The Nonpublic Forum......Page 181 Determination of Forum Character......Page 182 The Airport as a Public Forum......Page 183 Jews for Jesus v. Airport of Los Angeles......Page 185 Establishment of Religion......Page 186 Free Exercise of Religion......Page 188 10. CIVIL RIGHTS......Page 192 Federal Law......Page 193 Conclusion......Page 197 Law and Economics......Page 202 Airline Deregulation......Page 203 Ground Resource Allocation......Page 206 Airport Slots......Page 210 Noise Regulation......Page 224 12. ANTITRUST......Page 232 History......Page 233 DOT Merger Policy (1985–1988)......Page 235 Empirical Results......Page 238 Antitrust Strategy......Page 240 Federal Law......Page 241 State Immunity Doctrine......Page 243 Toward an Airport Antitrust Policy for the 1990s......Page 247 Conclusion......Page 248 13. CONCLUSIONS......Page 254 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 256 A......Page 260 C......Page 261 F......Page 262 I......Page 263 N......Page 264 S......Page 265 T......Page 266 W......Page 267 Drawing on both the expertise of professionals in the field and a grounding in law and public policy, this book examines the laws governing airport development and addresses the complex regulatory and policy issues surrounding the construction, expansion and operation of airports.