AIDS: Society, Ethics and Law (The International Library of Medicine, Ethics and Law)

This volume features a collection of the most important articles on the social, ethical and legal implications of a variety of problems caused by AIDS. The wide range of articles selected for inclusion were chosen on the basis of three criteria: their theoretical depth and coherence, their impact on the subsequent debate and on the social and ethical relevance of the problems addressed. Sections in the book include: physicians and patients, AIDS and the law, HIV testing, clinical research in developed countries, clinical research in developing countries and dying with dignity Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Table of Contents 6 Acknowledgements 10 Series Preface 14 Introduction 16 Part I The Physician-Patient Relationship 26 Duty to Treat 28 1 George J. Annas (1988), ‘Legal Risks and Responsibilities of Physicians in the AIDS Epidemic’, Hastings Center Report, April/May, pp. 26-32 30 2 Norman Daniels (1991), ‘Duty to Treat or Right to Refuse?’, Hastings Center Report, March/April, pp. 36-46 38 3 Doran Smolkin (1997), ‘HIV Infection, Risk Taking, and the Duty to Treat’, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 22, pp. 55-74 50 Confidentiality/Privacy 70 4 Gary B. Melton (1988), ‘Ethical and Legal Issues in AIDS-Related Practice’, American Psychologist, 43, pp. 941-47 72 5 Kenneth M. Boyd (1992), ‘HIV Infection and AIDS: The Ethics of Medical Confidentiality’, Journal of Medical Ethics, 18, pp. 173-79 80 Infected Health Care Workers 88 6 Patti Miller Tereskerz, Richard D. Pearson and Janine Jagger (1999), ‘Infected Physicians and Invasive Procedures: National Policy and Legal Reality’, The Milbank Quarterly, 77, pp. 511-29 90 7 Karen C. Lieberman and Arthur R. Derse (1992), ‘HIV-Positive Health Care Workers and the Obligation to Disclose: Do Patients Have a Right to Know?’, Journal of Legal Medicine, 13, pp. 333-56 110 Part II Aids and the Law 134 8 Larry Gostin (1989), ‘The Politics of AIDS: Compulsory State Powers, Public Health, and Civil Liberties’, Ohio State Law Journal, 49, pp. 1017-58 136 9 Richard D. Mohr (1987), ‘AIDS, Gays, and State Coercion’, Bioethics, 1, pp. 35-50 178 10 Alistair Orr (1989), ‘Legal AIDS: Implications of AIDS and HIV for British and American Law’, Journal of Medical Ethics, 15, pp. 61-67 194 11 Helen Power (1997), ‘HIV/AIDS, Sex and the Criminal Law’, Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 19, pp. 343-51 202 12 Editor (1998), ‘Second International Consultation on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights Adopts International Guidelines’, International Digest of Health Legislation, 49, pp. 703-6 212 Part III HIV Testing 216 General 218 13 G.R. McLean and T. Jenkins (1994), ‘HIV Testing and Informed Consent - Ethical Considerations’, South African Medical Journal (SAMJ), 84, pp. 669-74 220 14 Martin Gunderson, David Mayo and Frank Rhame (1996), ‘Routine HIV Testing of Hospital Patients and Pregnant Women: Informed Consent in the Real World’, Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 6, pp. 161-82 226 Pregnant Women 248 15 Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Salim S. Abdool Karim, Hoosen M. Coovadia and Mervyn Susser (1998), ‘Informed Consent for HIV Testing in a South African Hospital: Is It Truly Informed and Truly Voluntary?’, American Journal of Public Health, 88, pp. 637-40 250 16 Theresa M. McGovern (1997), ‘Mandatory HIV Testing and Treating of Child-Bearing Women: An Unnatural, Illegal, and Unsound Approach’, Columbia Human Rights Law Review, 28, pp. 469-99 254 Part IV Clinical Research 286 General 288 17 Joni N. Gray and Gary B. Melton (1985), ‘The Law and Ethics of Psychosocial Research on AIDS’, Nebraska Law Review, 64, pp. 637-88 290 18 Wendy K. Mariner (1990), ‘The Ethical Conduct of Clinical Trials of HIV Vaccines’, Evaluation Review, 14, pp. 538-64 342 19 Nancy E. Kass, Holly A. Taylor and Patricia A. King (1996), ‘Harms of Excluding Pregnant Women from Clinical Research: The Case of HIV-Infected Pregnant Women’, Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 24, pp. 36-46 370 20 John D. Arras (1990), ‘Noncompliance in AIDS Research’, Hastings Center Report, September/October, pp. 24-32 382 Community Consultation 392 21 Gary B. Melton, Robert J. Levine, Gerald P. Koocher, Robert Rosenthal and William C. Thompson (1988), ‘Community Consultation in Socially Sensitive Research: Lessons from Clinical Trials of Treatments for AIDS’, American Psychologist, 43, pp. 573-81 394 22 Herbert R. Spiers (1991), ‘Community Consultation and AIDS Clinical Trials, Parts 1-3’, IRB: A Review of Human Subjects Research, 13, May-June, pp. 7-10, July-August, pp. 1-6, September-October, pp. 3-7 404 23 Joan E. Sieber and James L. Sorensen (1992), ‘Conducting Social and Behavioral AIDS Research in Drug Treatment Clinics’, IRB: A Review of Human Subjects Research, 14, September-October, pp. 1-5 420 Developing Countries 426 24 Peter Lurie and Sidney M. Wolfe (1997), ‘Unethical Trials of Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Developing Countries’, New England Journal of Medicine, 337, pp. 853-56 428 25 Harold Varmus and David Satcher (1997), ‘Ethical Complexities of Conducting Research in Developing Countries’, New England Journal of Medicine, 337, pp. 1003-5 432 26 George J. Annas and Michael A. Grodin (1998), ‘Human Rights and Maternal-Fetal HIV Transmission Prevention Trials in Africa’, American Journal of Public Health, 88, pp. 560-63 436 27 Robert J. Levine (1998), ‘The “Best Proven Therapeutic Method” Standard in Clinical Trials in Technologically Developing Countries’, IRB: A Review of Human Subjects Research, 20, January-February, pp. 5-9 440 28 Peter Lurie, Makonnen Bishaw, Margaret A. Chesney, Molly Cooke, Maria Eugenia Lemos Fernandes, Norman Hearst, Edward Katongole-Mbidde, Suporn Koetsawang, Christina P. Lindan, Jeffrey Mandel, Marvellous Mhloyi and Thomas J. Coates (1994), ‘Ethical, Behavioral, and Social Aspects of HIV Vaccine Trials in Developing Countries’, JAMA, 271, pp. 295-301 446 Part V Access to (Experimental) Drugs 454 29 Ellen C. Cooper (1989), ‘Controlled Clinical Trials of AIDS Drugs: The Best Hope’, JAMA, 261, p. 2445 456 30 Martin Delaney (1989), ‘The Case for Patient Access to Experimental Therapy’, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 159, pp. 416-19 458 31 Udo Schtiklenk and Carlton Hogan (1996), ‘Patient Access to Experimental Drugs and AIDS Clinical Trial Designs: Ethical Issues’, Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 5, pp. 400-409 462 32 Harold Edgar and David J. Rothman (1990), ‘New Rules for New Drugs: The Challenge of AIDS to the Regulatory Process’, The Milbank Quarterly, 68, (Supplement 1), pp. 111-42 472 33 David A. Salisbury and Martin T. Schechter (1990), ‘AIDS Trials, Civil Liberties and the Social Control of Therapy: Should we Embrace New Drugs with Open Arms?’, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 142, pp. 1057-62 504 34 Andrew F. Shorr (1992), ‘AIDS and the FDA: An Ethical Case for Limiting Patient Access to New Medical Therapies’, IRB: A Review of Human Subjects Research, 14, July-August, pp. 1-5 510 35 David B. Resnik (2001), ‘Developing Drugs for the Developing World: An Economic, Legal, Moral, and Political Dilemma’, Developing World Bioethics, 1, pp. 11-32 516 36 Dan W. Brock (2001), ‘Some Questions About the Moral Responsibilities of Drug Companies in Developing Countries’, Developing World Bioethics, 1, pp. 33-37 538 37 Norman Daniels (2001), ‘Social Responsibility and Global Pharmaceutical Companies’, Developing World Bioethics, 1, pp. 38-41 544 Part VI Dying with Dignity 548 38 Sophia Vinogradov, Joe T. Thornton, A-J. Rock Levinson and Michael L. Callen (1984), ‘If I Have AIDS, Then Let Me Die Now!’, Hastings Center Report, 14, pp. 24-26 550 39 Margaret P. Battin (1994), ‘Going Early, Going Late: The Rationality of Decisions about Suicide in AIDS’, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 19, pp. 571—94 554 Name Index 578 Physician-patient Relationship -- Aids And The Law -- Hiv Testing -- Clinical Research -- Access To (experimental) Drugs -- Dying With Dignity. Edited By Udo Schüklenk. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.