AI in Clinical Practice - A Guide to Artificial Intelligence and Digital Medicine (Dec 6, 2023)_(0443140545)_(Academic Press).pdf

AI in Clinical Practice: A Guide to Artificial Intelligence and Digital Medicine explains how artificial intelligence is applied to medicine, illustrating not only its enormous potential but also ancillary issues and the limits and risks inherent in its use on a large scale. The book focuses on the intersection between medicine and AI and its implications on the impact of human health care delivery. Topics discussed include wearable devices, health data, Internet of Things, virtual reality, robotic assistance system, and digital intelligence in the health sector. Additionally, sections discuss diagnostics and decision-making systems and machine/deep learning in clinical setting. This is a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, students and members of the biomedical and medical fields who want to learn more about the use of AI to improve patient care. Covers emerging topics related to the intersection of AI and clinical practice Discusses the most relevant concepts and developments on AI in a didactic way for clinical applicability Presents content tailored to a non-specialized readership, focusing on the main points that clinicians and health workers must know to be updated on the most recent developments of AI Front Cover AI in Clinical Practice Copyright Page Dedication Contents Foreword Presentation Acknowledgment Introduction References 1 Artificial intelligence: “What are we talking about” 1 What does artificial intelligence mean? References 2 How does Artificial Intelligence work? Summary The fundamentals Machine learning Deep learning-neural networks The black box model: AI is like the brain: you cannot cut off your head and see how it works The Joker of statistics: Bayes Evolutionary adaptation software and genetic algorithms Neural networks and deep learning in reading images Like humans do As the perfect digital cameras do References 3 The limits of algorithms It is not the technologies that are decisive but the ability to extract value from their use Possible criticalities related to the use of artificial intelligence systems in medicine [6] The limits of predictive models Do algorithms photograph reality? The doctor-patient relationship, or “clinicians without a pattern” Epidemiology in wonderland In conclusion... References 4 The cognitive biases of the digital world that are transforming our minds The enlarged mind From sequential man to simultaneous man The illusion of digital omnipotence The overconfidence Meta-ignorance The law of least effort Conclusion References 5 Chance/case or chaos: why is it important for us to know and distinguish them Chaos and case/chance: concluding reflections References 2 The world of sensors 6 A tsunami of data: when the data is perhaps too much References 7 Wearable devices and the Internet of Things Summary Wearable devices Fields of application The most classic areas The Internet of Things Reflections References 8 The sentry watch Summary The Apple Watch electrocardiogram Reflections References 3 Digital intelligence and health 9 Diagnostics and decision-making systems Summary Applications in the radiological field The diagnosis of respiratory diseases: some commented paradigmatic studies Conclusions The simple chest X-ray as a predictor of mortality Comment Breast cancer diagnostics Applications in oncology: Watson for oncology Applications in the anatomopathological field The limits of AI in cytological and histopathological diagnostics Applications in the dermatological field Applications in ophthalmology Applications in the cardiology field Applications in the gastroenterological field Applications in the neurological field Applications at the level of health systems Applications in the genetic field References 10 Applications of AI in the psychological and psychiatric fields: what the experts offer us Summary The “digital” in the psychological-psychiatric field: history helps us to understand and recognize potentials and dangers In the beginning, it was almost a game Decades later it, went even better with a video game Even the very authoritative nice has expressed itself in favor Is virtual reality better than psychotherapy? Avatars beyond psychotherapy? But the apps are already spreading Reflections Psychological and psychiatric diagnostics through the study of facial expressions References 11 From personalized medicine to precision medicine Summary Limitations of precision medicine The need for new methodologies Final considerations References 12 The search for new drugs Summary References 13 Digital therapeutics Summary Mode of action Therapeutic indications Regulation Conclusions References 14 Virtual reality: the great therapeutic potential and the possible risks Summary What happens when you enter the virtual-digital neo-reality The original characteristics of the mental processes in people involved in virtual reality experiences Potential adverse effects Didactic applications: the training of doctors The barriers to practical use Augmented reality The enhancement of our cognitive faculties and the management of our emotions The therapeutic applications of virtual-digital reality Neurological diseases Applications in psychiatry Phobias Post traumatic stress disorder Gambling and Internet addiction The psychoses Reflections References 15 The robotic assistance system Summary The actual impact on assisted people and their families Homo roboticus and sapiens sapiens Reflections References 16 Will “amplifying technology” really expand our knowledge? what is amplifying technology? Does perceiving more always mean knowing and understanding more? References 17 Diagnosis by images. The recognition of images in humans and in artificial intelligence systems Humans Digital images Visual recognition systems Images in digital diagnosis References 18 Machine learning, deep learning, and clinical studies Study validity Results Notes References 19 At the end of the journey... Conclusive reflections References 20 ChatGPT is beginning to change medicine ChatGPT: How does it work? References Glossary References Index Back Cover