Agriculture, Environment and Development: International Perspectives on Water, Land and Politics, 2nd

The departure point of the new book is the need for critical and innovative studies to investigate the basis and consequences of the agriculture dualisms and risks unfolding at different scales and with complex repercussions for consumers, communities, ecosystems and national economies. The contributors will develop new theoretical points on agrarian and agroecological transformations that consider different stakeholder sectors and propose governance pathways and public policy reforms that can be constructed for facilitating sustainable, inclusive and fair processes of change. Political, economic and sociological critiques of agrifood dynamics have identified the intensification, specialisation, distancing, homogenisation and concentration of power as the key processes resulting in food insecurity and unsustainable outcomes. These trends have configured a placeless foodscape disconnected from diverse social demands and the ecological basis of distinct locations and countries. Moreover, transition studies have failed to effectively address the transformative potential of different types and combinations of biophysical, sociotechnical and social practices that cut across multiple regimes and scales of agri-food activities. Harnessing this potential requires a new co-produced and scientific integration of markets and business models, governance dynamics and capacity-building perspectives. The new book will address those dilemmas by recognising social and ecological relationships between places at local and regional scales. One of the key contributions of the publication is to demonstrate that a more foundational sociospatial approach is required for contested sustainability and for agrofood transformations. Contents 6 Contributors 9 List of Figures 12 List of Tables 17 1 Agriculture, Environment and Development: International Perspectives and a Critical Agenda of Investigation 19 References 42 2 Prolegomenon: Money and Territory 44 Territory and Money: Some Definitions 45 Metamorphoses of Money and Territory 46 From the Reason of Use to the Reason of Exchange 46 Money and the Territory of Globalisation 48 The Role of Ideology 49 Dictatorship of Money and Deregulation of the National Territory 51 3 Disruptive Governance in the UK Food System and the Case of Wales 53 How Brexit Disrupts the British Agri-Food System 53 The Characteristics of the New Disruptive Governance 54 Agri-Food as a Key Location for Disruptive Governance 57 Wales: A Case Study of Imposed Disruptive Food Governance? 60 London First Abandons Then Reclaims Leadership: But Will It Work? 65 The Disruptive Governance Paradox: Whose Version of Control and Regulation? 66 The New Containment and New Dynamics of Devolution 67 Conclusions: Embedding or Tackling Disunity (A Postscript from 2022 and Beyond) 72 References 76 4 Back to the Past: Authoritarian Populism, Disruptive Governance and Policy Dismantling in Rural Brazil 78 Introduction 78 Brief Context of Rural Brazil 80 Populism and Disruptive Governance 83 Policy Dismantling 85 Case One: Food Acquisition Programme (PAA)—Expansion, Dismantling and Ending 87 Case Two: Abandoning the Agenda of Sustainable Territorial Development and Embracing Predatory Extractivism 91 Conclusions 94 References 96 5 Contested Landscapes: Territorial Conflicts and the Production of Different Ruralities in Brazil 101 Introduction 101 About Mirante Do Paranapanema and Ribeirão Preto 104 On Contested Landscapes 106 Mirante Do Paranapanema, Encampments, and Settlements 109 Fazenda Da Barra, Ribeirão Preto 116 Conclusion 121 References 124 6 Land Inequality in Brazil: Conflicts and Violence in the Countryside 127 Introduction 127 The Brazilian Agrarian Reform 129 Rural Population vs. Urban Population in Latin America and Land Inequality 132 Food Production, Land Grabbing and Violence Resulting from Land Disputes 140 Conclusions and Lessons Learned 148 References 150 7 The Agrarian Question and the Rural Development Paths in the Periphery of Argentina: Past and Present in the Territorialisation of Peasantry in Santiago Del Estero 155 Introduction 155 The Agrarian Issue in Argentina and Its Several Periods 158 The Agrarian Question and Its Heterogeneities 164 The Agrarian Question and the Narratives of Rural Development 165 Three Contributions of a Situated Approach to the Agrarian Question 169 References 171 8 The Empty Food Bowl: Discourse Disconnection of Australian Agriculture 173 Introduction 173 Pandemic Foodways and the View from Australia 174 The Myth of the Food Bowl 178 The Case for a New Paradigm 181 An Emerging Research Agenda 185 Conclusion 188 References 190 9 Say Agribusiness but Mean Genocide: Grabbing the Guarani-Kaiowa World 195 The Genocidal Trail of Agribusiness 195 The Geocide-Genocide-Massacre Nexus 201 Kaiowcide: Consolidating the Power of Agribusiness 206 Living to Overcome Kaiowcide 211 References 217 10 Land and Food Access in the Context of Climate Change: Implications to Rural Development in Mozambique 219 Introduction 219 Climate, Land Use, Farming System Change and Food Security 222 Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Policies in Mozambique 225 Implications of Climate Change Policies to Rural Subsistence and Land Use 228 Socio-Economic Implications to Rural Livelihoods 231 Land Use in the Context of Green Policies: Towards Climate Smart Land Use and Rural Development 233 Climate Smart Land Use and Options for Sustainable Farming Systems and Rural Development 237 References 240 11 Accumulation by Land Rent and Territorial Disputes in a Brazilian Agricultural Frontier 245 Introduction 245 Land Grabbing: Land Appropriation and Ensuing Crises 249 Agricultural Enterprises and Typology of Financial Capital in the Brazilian Agricultural Frontiers 255 Information Technologies and Ground Rent 262 Natural Differential Land Rent 263 Produced Differential Land Rent 265 Absolute Rent of Land 267 Impacts and Territorial Confliction 269 Conclusions 270 References 273 12 Dispossession and Agricultural Commodities: The Case of Oil Palm Farming in the Brazilian Amazon 278 Dispossession Nowadays: A Brief Introduction 278 Agricultural commodity and flex crops: Oil Palm in the Brazilian Amazon 280 Dispossession and Conflicts in the Amazon Related to Oil Palm Farming 284 Lessons Learned 290 References 291 13 Three Pillars of the Global Governance of Coffee Production 294 Introduction 294 Transitioning from Public to Private Regulation 297 The Consolidation Strategy 301 Consolidation in the Brazilian Market 307 Finance and the Expansion of the Agriculture’s Frontier 311 Conclusions 314 References 316 14 (De)institutionalising Agroecology: A Historical-Relational-Interactive Perspective on the Evolution of Brazil’s Agri-Environmental State 320 Introduction 320 Conceptual Framework 321 An Historical-Relational-Interactive Perspective on the Agri-Environmental State in Brazil 326 Coffee with Milk: Colonização, Coronelismo, and Clientelismo (1500–1960) 326 “Anos de Chumbo”: The Takeover of the Military Dictatorship (1961–1985) 328 From Re-democratisation to the Rise of a Popular Government (1985–2002) 332 The “Golden Decade”: Toward an Established Agri-Environmental State? (2002–2010) 335 The Agri-Environmental State “Under Pressure”: Underestimating Contradictions 341 Conclusions 347 References 349 15 Decolonial and Feminist Approaches to Critical Food Systems Education 357 Critical Food Systems Education: Integrative Theory, Pedagogy, and Policy Vision 359 Popular Education and Critical Pedagogy: Merging Theory and Pedagogical Practice 360 Food Justice: The Pedagogies and Policies of CFSE 362 Agroecology: Bringing Politics to the Front 363 Food Sovereignty: Pedagogies in Movement 364 Integrating Decolonial and Critical Feminist Perspectives into CFSE 366 Decolonisation and Food Systems 366 CFSE and Intersectional and Transnational Feminisms 370 Conclusion: Educating for Food Sovereignty 374 References 376 16 Territorial Resistance and Peasant Food Systems in Brazil 382 Introduction 382 Territory, Territorialities, and Territorial Resistance 384 Territorialisation of MST in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre: Autonomy in the Production of Agroecological Foods 389 Peasant Food Systems: Advances, Possibilities, and Challenges for the MST 394 Conclusion 397 References 398 17 The Difficult but Not Impossible Defeating of Right-Wing Populism and the Exploration of a Socialist Future 400 Introduction 400 What Is Populism? 409 Important Debates on Agrarian Populism 415 Populism, Class Politics, and Crisis 425 Fundamental Differences Between Right-Wing Populism and Progressive Agrarian Populism Today 432 What Is to Be Done? Ask Big and Act Insurgent, with a Socialist Perspective 437 Concluding Discussion: Towards a Class-Conscious Left-Wing Populism 444 References 454 Index 465 The Second Edition of this book is completely revised and updated throughout providing an overview of current challenges faced within the area of Agri-food in relation to policymaking, ecological conservation and socio-environmental justice. Including a range of new chapters, the book explores some of the conceptual and analytical gaps that are presented by current approaches to this topic. The series of interconnected chapters offers a critical reinterpretation of the tensions associated with the failures of mainstream regulatory regimes, land and resource grabbing, and the impacts of global agri-food chains at local, regional and inter-sectoral scales. The book also examines past legacies and emerging challenges associated with agriculture modernisation, politico-spatial disputes, climate change, social movements, gender, ethnicity and education. It likewise addresses the transformative potential of different combinations of biophysical, socio-technical and socio-spatial practices of food sovereignty. Antonio Augusto Rossotto Ioris is reader in human geography and director of the M.Sc. in Environment and Development at the School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University. Associate editor of the journal Progress in Development Studies and author of, among others, the books "Agribusiness and the Neoliberal Food System in Brazil: Frontiers and Fissures of Agro-neoliberalism" (2017), "Frontier Making in the Amazon: Economic, Political and Socioecological Conversion" (2020) and "Kaiowcide: Living through the Guarani-Kaiowa Genocide" (2021). He edited "Agriculture, Environment and Development: International Perspectives on Water, Land and Politics", published in 2016. Bernardo Mançano Fernandes is professor of the Graduate Programme in Geography and of the Graduate Programme in Territorial Development in Latin America the Caribbean, São Paulo State University (UNESP), and holder of the UNESCO Chair in Territorial Development and Education for the Countryside. He is CNPq Research Productivity Fellow and leader of the discipline of Geography at FAPESP.-- Provided by publisher