After Integration: Islam, Conviviality and Contentious Politics in Europe (Islam und Politik)

The integration of Muslims into European societies is often seen as a major challenge that is yet to be confronted. This book, by contrast, starts from the observation that on legal, political and organizational levels integration has already taken place. It showcases the variety of theoretical approaches that scholars have developed to conceptualize Muslim life in Europe, and provides detailed empirical analysis of ten European countries. Demonstrating how Muslim life unfolds between conviviality and contentious politics, the contributors describe demographic developments, analyze legal controversies, and explore the action of government and state, Muslim communities and other civil society actors. Driving forces behind the integration of Islam are discussed in detail and compared across countries. Content The book features theoretical perspectives on the legal, political, and social inclusion of Islam and case studies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Target Groups Students and researchers in political science, sociology, migration studies, international relations and religious studies The Editors Dr. Marian Burchardt is a researcher at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity in Göttingen. Dr. Ines Michalowski is a researcher at the WZB Berlin Social Science Center. Front Matter....Pages i-xv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 After Integration: Islam, Conviviality and Contentious Politics in Europe....Pages 3-16 Figurational Change and Primordialism in a Multicultural Society: A Model Explained on the Basis of the German Case....Pages 17-42 Incorporating Muslim Migrants in Western Nation States—A Comparison of the United Kingdom, France, and Germany....Pages 43-58 Muslim Mobilization Between Self-Organization, State-Recognized Consultative Bodies and Political Participation....Pages 59-78 Institutional Change and the Incorporation of Muslim Populations: Religious Freedoms, Equality and Cultural Diversity....Pages 79-104 Islam in Europe: Cross-National Differences in Accommodation and Explanations....Pages 105-125 Front Matter....Pages 127-127 Islam and Muslims in Austria....Pages 129-152 Islam in Belgium: From Formal Recognition to Public Contestation....Pages 153-169 Islam and Muslims in Denmark....Pages 171-186 Islam and Laïcité in France....Pages 187-204 Islam and Dutch Contestations Over Secularity....Pages 205-227 Islam in Contemporary Portugal....Pages 229-246 Governing Religious Diversity Amid National Redefinition: Muslim Incorporation in Spain....Pages 247-265 Islam in Sweden: Institutionalization, Public Debates and Discursive Paradoxes....Pages 267-283 How Foreigners Became Muslims: Switzerland’s Path to Accommodating Islam as a New Religion....Pages 285-301 Muslims in the UK....Pages 303-325 The integration of Muslim into European societies is often seen as a major challenge that is yet to be confronted. This book, by contrast, starts from the observation that on legal, political and organizational levels integration has already taken place. Structured in two parts, it showcases the variety of theoretical approaches that scholars have developed to conceptualize Muslim life in Europe, and provides detailed empirical analysis of ten European countries. Demonstrating how Muslim life unfolds between conviviality and contentious politics, the contributors describe demographic developm 5 Protection from Hate-Speech and Blasphemy6 Concluding Observations; References; 6 Islam in Europe: Cross-National Differences in Accommodation and Explanations; 1 Introduction; 2 Comparing Levels of Accommodation; 3 Exploration of Explanations on the Accommodation of Islam in Europe; 3.1 Numbers and Time of Settlement; 3.2 State-Church Relationship; 3.3 Citizenship Regimes; 3.4 Colonial Regimes; 3.5 Supra-national Institutions; 3.6 Courts and Legal Systems; 3.7 Governments, (Party) Politics and the Populist Right; 3.8 Media and Public Debates; 3.9 Critical Events Forword; Contents; Contributors; About the Contributors; Part I Theoretical Perspectives and Cross-National Comparison; 1 After Integration: Islam, Conviviality and Contentious Politics in Europe; 1 Introduction; 2 From Guest Workers to the Homo Islamicus: Carving out Religious Citizenship; 3 Is there a Secularist Backlash in Europe?; 4 European Islam in Context; References; 2 Figurational Change and Primordialism in a Multicultural Society: A Model Explained on the Basis of the German Case; 1 Introduction; 2 The Culturalistic Understanding of Culture and Society 2.2 1989: The Rushdie and Headscarf Affairs2.3 After: Auditioning for the Role of ``Privileged Interlocutor''; 3 The Adaptation of Embassy Islam to State-Mosque Relations; 3.1 Embassy Islam Strikes Back; 3.2 Back to Square One?; 3.3 Morocco; 3.4 Turkey; 3.5 A Changed Playing Field; 4 Conclusion; References; 5 Institutional Change and the Incorporation of Muslim Populations: Religious Freedoms, Equality and Cultural Diversity; 1 Introduction; 2 Institutions and Institutional Change; 3 Islamic Presence and Institutional Change; 4 Financing of Houses of Worship 3 Incorporating Muslim Migrants in Western Nation States--A Comparison of the United Kingdom, France, and Germany1 Introduction; 2 Varieties of Secularism in European Nation-States; 3 National Policy Responses to Religious Claims of Recognition; 4 Human Rights and the Politics of Religious Recognition; 5 Conclusions; References; 4 Muslim Mobilization Between Self-Organization, State-Recognized Consultative Bodies and Political Participation; 1 Introduction; 2 Muslim Responses to the State-Islam Consultations; 2.1 Early Consultations: ``It's in the Qur'ân'' 3 The Figuration of Ushers and Guests4 The Figuration of Insecure Ushers and Clients; 5 The Figuration of Weakened Ushers and Advancing Strangers; 5.1 The Formation of Hierarchical Divisions through Avoidance Behaviour; 5.2 How the Advancing Stranger Transgresses Hierarchy Divisions; 5.3 Transgressions and Group-based Hierarchy Conflicts; 5.4 Paternalists and Protesters; 6 The Figuration of Allegedly Incompatible Cultural Subjects; 6.1 The Cultural Subject; 6.2 Chief Witnesses; 6.3 Dialogue Actors; 7 The Temptations of Culturalization; References