Africa-EU Renewable Energy Research and Innovation Symposium 2018 (RERIS 2018): 2326 January 2018, National University of Lesotho On occasion of NULISTICE 2018 (Springer Proceedings in Energy)

This open access book presents the proceedings of the 2nd Africa-EU Renewable Energy Research and Innovation Symposium (RERIS 18), held in Maseru, Lesotho in January 2018. The symposium aimed to foster research cooperation on renewable energy between Africa and Europe – in academia, as well as the private and public sectors. Addressing thematic areas such as • Grid-connected renewable energy; • Decentralised renewable and household energy solutions; • Energy socioeconomics; and • Promotion of energy research, innovation, education and entrepreneurship, the book brings together contributions from academics and practitioners from the EU and Africa to enable mutual learning and knowledge transfer – a key factor in boosting sustainable development in the African renewable energy market. It also plays a significant role in promoting African renewable energy research, which helps to secure energy supply in both rural and urban areas and to increase generation capacities and energy system resilience. This book is an invaluable resource for academics and professionals across the renewable energy spectrum. Preface 6 Background 6 Scientific and Organising Committees 6 Symposium Summary 8 Paper Review 8 Acknowledgements 10 Contents 11 1 A Thermo-Economic Model for Aiding Solar Collector Choice and Optimal Sizing for a Solar Water Heating System 13 Abstract 13 1.1 Introduction 15 1.2 Solar Water Heating System Thermal Model 16 1.3 Economic Model 19 1.4 Materials and Methods 22 1.5 Results and Discussion 24 1.6 Conclusion 29 References 30 2 Assessment of Decentralized Hybrid Mini-grids in Sub-Saharan Africa: Market Analysis, Least-Cost Modelling, and Job Creation Analysis 32 Abstract 32 2.1 Introduction 33 2.2 Techno-economics and Job Creation 33 2.2.1 Techno-economics of Mini-grids in Sub-Saharan Africa 33 2.2.2 Renewable Energy Employment Effects 34 2.3 Methodological Approach 35 2.4 Results and Discussion 36 2.5 Sensitivity Analysis 37 2.6 Conclusions and Recommendations 39 Annexes 40 References 43 3 Feasibility Study of Linear Fresnel Solar Thermal Power Plant in Algeria 46 Abstract 46 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Plant Description 47 3.3 Specification 47 3.4 Results Analysis 52 3.5 Conclusion 52 Acknowledgements 53 References 53 4 Integrating a Solar PV System with a Household Based Backup Generator for Hybrid Swarm Electrification: A Case Study of Nigeria 54 Abstract 54 4.1 Introduction 55 4.2 Methodology 58 4.2.1 Solar Energy Demand 58 4.2.2 Battery Storage 59 4.2.3 Backup Fossil-Fuel Generator 60 4.2.4 System Solar PV Production 60 4.2.5 Excess/Unmet Energy 60 4.2.6 Economic Analysis 61 4.2.7 Levelized Cost of Backup Electricity (LCoE) 62 4.3 Results and Discussion 62 4.3.1 Technical and Economic Analysis 62 4.3.2 Energy Analysis 63 4.3.3 Hybrid Swarm Grid Assessment 67 4.4 Conclusion 67 References 68 5 Overview of Economic Viability and Social Impact of Renewable Energy Deployment in Africa 70 Abstract 70 5.1 Introduction 70 5.2 Economics of Renewable Energy Deployment 71 5.2.1 Capital Investment Cost 71 5.2.2 Renewable Power Generation Economic Viability 72 5.3 Renewable Energy Deployment Social Impacts 73 5.3.1 Socio-Economic Impact 73 5.3.2 Health Impacts 75 5.3.3 Impacts on Education 76 5.3.4 Impacts on Rural Development 78 5.4 Conclusion 79 References 80 6 Promoting Rural Electrification in Sub-Saharan Africa: Least-Cost Modelling of Decentralized Energy-Water-Food Systems: Case Study of St. Rupert Mayer, Zimbabwe 82 Abstract 82 6.1 Introduction 83 6.2 Literature Review 83 6.3 Methodology 84 6.4 Results and Discussion 86 6.5 Conclusion and Recommendations 89 Appendix 1: Techno-Economic Input Parameter 90 Appendix 2: Time Series for Least-Cost Power Generation and Storage 93 Appendix 3: Output Parameter 96 References 98 7 Remote Sensing Techniques for Village Identification: Improved Electrification Planning for Zambia 101 Abstract 101 7.1 Introduction 102 7.2 Remote Sensing as a Solution 102 7.3 Methods 103 7.4 Results 104 7.5 Conclusion 105 References 106 8 Rural Household Electrification in Lesotho 107 Abstract 107 8.1 Introduction 108 8.2 The Challenges and Success Factors of Rural Electrification 109 8.3 Current Electrification Situation in Lesotho 110 8.4 Discussion and Conclusions 111 Acknowledgements 112 References 112 9 Simulation and Optimization of Renewable Energy Hybrid Power System for Semonkong, Lesotho 114 Abstract 114 9.1 Introduction 115 9.2 Methodology: Load Profile, Resources and Components 116 9.2.1 Load Profile 116 9.2.2 Resources and Components 117 9.3 Results and Discussions: Hybrid System Simulation and Optimization 118 9.3.1 Simulation Results 119 9.3.2 Optimization Results 120 9.3.3 Sensitivity Analysis Results 121 9.4 Conclusions 123 References 123 10 Storage as the Weak Link of the Biomass Supply Chain 125 Abstract 125 10.1 Introduction 126 10.2 Materials and Methods 127 10.2.1 Respirometric Tests 127 10.2.2 Samples and Test Conditions 128 10.3 Results and Discussion 129 10.3.1 Influence of the Moisture Content 129 10.3.2 Variation of Particle Sizes 130 10.3.3 Variation of the pH 130 10.4 Conclusion and Outlook 131 Acknowledgements 132 References 132 11 Impacts of Electrification Under the Perspective of the Multi-Tier-Framework in Southern Tanzania 134 Abstract 134 11.1 Introduction 135 11.2 Background 135 11.3 Methodology 136 11.4 Results and Discussion 138 11.5 Conclusion and Recommendations 141 Annex 141 References 143 12 Prosumers as New Energy Actors 145 Abstract 145 12.1 Introduction 145 12.2 The ‘Gig’ Economy and New Technologies 147 12.3 New Energy Actors 149 12.4 Conclusion and Recommendations 153 Acknowledgements 155 References 155 Front Matter ....Pages i-xii A Thermo-Economic Model for Aiding Solar Collector Choice and Optimal Sizing for a Solar Water Heating System (Tawanda Hove)....Pages 1-19 Assessment of Decentralized Hybrid Mini-grids in Sub-Saharan Africa: Market Analysis, Least-Cost Modelling, and Job Creation Analysis (A. Okunlola, O. Evbuomwan, H. Zaheer, J. Winklmaier)....Pages 21-34 Feasibility Study of Linear Fresnel Solar Thermal Power Plant in Algeria (Hani Beltagy, Sofiane Mihoub, Djaffar Semmar, Noureddine Said)....Pages 35-42 Integrating a Solar PV System with a Household Based Backup Generator for Hybrid Swarm Electrification: A Case Study of Nigeria (Rolex Muceka, Tonny Kukeera, Yunus Alokore, Kebir Noara, Sebastian Groh)....Pages 43-58 Overview of Economic Viability and Social Impact of Renewable Energy Deployment in Africa (A. Khellaf)....Pages 59-70 Promoting Rural Electrification in Sub-Saharan Africa: Least-Cost Modelling of Decentralized Energy-Water-Food Systems: Case Study of St. Rupert Mayer, Zimbabwe (J. Winklmaier, S. Bazan Santos)....Pages 71-89 Remote Sensing Techniques for Village Identification: Improved Electrification Planning for Zambia (Catherina Cader, Alin Radu, Paul Bertheau, Philipp Blechinger)....Pages 91-96 Rural Household Electrification in Lesotho (M. Mpholo, M. Meyer-Renschhausen, R. I. Thamae, T. Molapo, L. Mokhuts’oane, B. M. Taele et al.)....Pages 97-103 Simulation and Optimization of Renewable Energy Hybrid Power System for Semonkong, Lesotho (Leboli Z. Thamae)....Pages 105-115 Storage as the Weak Link of the Biomass Supply Chain (S. Dumfort, C. Kirchmair, K. Floerl, C. Larch, M. Rupprich)....Pages 117-125 Impacts of Electrification Under the Perspective of the Multi-Tier-Framework in Southern Tanzania (Annika Groth)....Pages 127-137 Prosumers as New Energy Actors (Rafael Leal-Arcas, Feja Lesniewska, Filippos Proedrou)....Pages 139-151 This Accés lliure book presents the proceedings of the 2nd Africa-EU Renewable Energy Research and Innovation Symposium (RERIS 18), held in Maseru, Lesotho in January 2018. The symposium aimed to foster research cooperation on renewable energy between Africa and Europe - in academia, as well as the private and public sectors. Addressing thematic areas such as • Grid-connected renewable energy; • Decentralised renewable and household energy solutions; • Energy socioeconomics; and • Promotion of energy research, innovation, education and entrepreneurship, the book brings together contributions from academics and practitioners from the EU and Africa to enable mutual learning and knowledge transfer - a key factor in boosting sustainable development in the African renewable energy market. It also plays a significant role in promoting African renewable energy research, which helps to secure energy supply in both rural and urban areas and to increase generation capacities and energy system resilience. This book is an invaluable resource for academics and professionals across the renewable energy spectrum